Editing Oceanography (section)

==Oceanographic institutions==
[[Image:Stazione zoologica Dohrn.jpg|thumbnail|Stazione Zoologica of Naples in the 1890s]]
{{see also|List of oceanographic institutions and programs}}
The earliest international organizations of oceanography were founded at the turn of the 20th century, starting with the [[International Council for the Exploration of the Sea]] created in 1902, followed in 1919 by the [[Mediterranean Science Commission]]. Marine research institutes were already in existence, starting with the [[Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn]] in Naples, Italy (1872), the Biological Station of Roscoff, France (1876), the Arago Laboratory in Banyuls-sur-mer, France (1882), the Laboratory of the Marine Biological Association in Plymouth, UK (1884), the Norwegian Institute for Marine Research in Bergen, Norway (1900), the Laboratory für internationale Meeresforschung, Kiel, Germany (1902). On the other side of the Atlantic, the [[Scripps Institution of Oceanography]] was founded in 1903, followed by the [[Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution]] in 1930, the [[Virginia Institute of Marine Science]] in 1938, the [[Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory]] at [[Columbia University]] in 1949, and later the [[University of Washington#Organization|School of Oceanography]] at [[University of Washington]]. In [[Australia]], the [[Australian Institute of Marine Science]] (AIMS), established in 1972 soon became a key player in marine tropical research.

In 1921 the [[International Hydrographic Bureau]], called since 1970 the [[International Hydrographic Organization]], was established to develop hydrographic and nautical charting standards.