Editing Norovirus (section)

===Vaccine trials===
LigoCyte announced in 2007 that it was working on a vaccine and had started phase 1 trials.<ref name="Norovac">{{cite web| title=Norovirus Vaccine| url=http://www.ligocyte.com/downloads/Noro.pdf| access-date=2008-08-26| archive-date=2008-10-02| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081002175650/http://www.ligocyte.com/downloads/Noro.pdf| url-status=live}}</ref> The company has since been taken over by [[Takeda Pharmaceutical Company]].<ref>{{cite web| title=Takeda to Acquire LigoCyte Pharmaceuticals, Inc.| url=http://www.takeda.com/news/2012/20121005_4001.html| access-date=2013-06-22| archive-date=2013-06-29| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629235039/http://www.takeda.com/news/2012/20121005_4001.html| url-status=live}}</ref> {{As of|2019||df=}}, a bivalent (NoV GI.1/GII.4) intramuscular vaccine had completed phase 1 trials.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Baehner|first1=F.|last2=Bogaerts|first2=H.|last3=Goodwin|first3=R.|date=2016-12-01|title=Vaccines against norovirus: state of the art trials in children and adults|journal=Clinical Microbiology and Infection|series=Vaccines for Mutual Protection: Selected Proceedings from the 3rd ESCMID Conference on Vaccines|volume=22|pages=S136–S139|doi=10.1016/j.cmi.2015.12.023|pmid=27130672|issn=1198-743X|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.takeda.com/siteassets/system/what-we-do/research-and-development-rd-in-takeda/our-pipeline/pipeline_en_2019_q2.pdf|title=Key Products and Pipeline (FY2019 Q2 Pipeline Table)|date=2019|website=[[Takeda Pharmaceutical Company]]|access-date=9 December 2019|archive-date=6 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106132837/https://www.takeda.com/siteassets/system/what-we-do/research-and-development-rd-in-takeda/our-pipeline/pipeline_en_2019_q2.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2020 the phase 2b trials were finished.<ref>{{cite web |title=HilleVax Pipeline |url=https://www.hillevax.com/pipeline.html |website=Hillevax Pipeline |access-date=1 October 2021 |archive-date=1 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001201039/https://www.hillevax.com/pipeline.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sherwood |first1=J |last2=Mendelman |first2=PM |last3=Lloyd |first3=E |last4=Liu |first4=M |last5=Boslego |first5=J |last6=Borkowski |first6=A |last7=Jackson |first7=A |last8=Faix |first8=D |last9=US Navy study |first9=team. |title=Efficacy of an intramuscular bivalent norovirus GI.1/GII.4 virus-like particle vaccine candidate in healthy US adults. |journal=Vaccine |date=22 September 2020 |volume=38 |issue=41 |pages=6442–6449 |doi=10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.07.069 |pmid=32878708 |doi-access=free }}</ref> The vaccine relies on using a [[virus-like particle]] that is made of the norovirus capsid proteins in order to mimic the external structure of the virus. Since there is no RNA in this particle, it is incapable of reproducing and cannot cause an infection.<ref name="Norovac"/>