Editing New Year (section)

==Christian liturgical year==
{{main|Liturgical year}}
The early development of the Christian liturgical year coincided with the [[Roman Empire]] (east and west), and later the [[Byzantine Empire]], both of which employed a taxation system labeled the [[Indiction]], the years for which began on September 1. This timing may account for the ancient church's establishment of September 1 as the beginning of the liturgical year, despite the official Roman New Year's Day of January 1 in the Julian calendar, because the Indiction was the principal means for counting years in the empires, apart from the reigns of the Emperors. The September 1 date prevailed throughout all of [[Christendom]] for many centuries, until subsequent divisions eventually produced revisions in some places.

After the [[Sack of Rome (410)|sack of Rome]] in 410, communications and travel between east and west deteriorated. Liturgical developments in Rome and Constantinople did not always match, although a rigid adherence to form was never mandated in the church. Nevertheless, the principal points of development were maintained between east and west. The [[Roman Liturgy|Roman]] and [[Byzantine Rite|Constantinopolitan]] liturgical calendars remained compatible even after the [[East-West Schism]] in 1054. Separations between the Catholic [[General Roman Calendar]] and [[Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar]] grew only over several centuries' time. During those intervening centuries, the [[Latin Church]] Catholic ecclesiastic year was moved to the first day of [[Advent]], the Sunday nearest to [[St. Andrew's Day]] (November 30). By the time of the Reformation (early 16th century), the Roman Catholic general calendar provided the initial basis for the calendars for the liturgically oriented Protestants, including the [[Anglican]] and [[Lutheran]] Churches, who inherited this observation of the liturgical new year.{{citation needed|date=February 2023}}

The present-day Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar is the virtual culmination of the ancient eastern development cycle, though it includes later additions based on subsequent history and lives of saints. It still begins on September 1, proceeding annually into the [[Nativity of the Theotokos]] (September 8) and [[Exaltation of the Cross]] (September 14) to the celebration of [[Nativity of Christ]] (Christmas), through his death and resurrection (Pascha/Easter), to his Ascension and the [[Dormition of the Theotokos]] ("falling asleep" of the [[Virgin Mary]], August 15). This last feast is known in the Roman Catholic church as the Assumption. The dating of "September 1" is according to the "new" (revised) Julian calendar or the "old" (standard) Julian calendar, depending on which is used by a particular Orthodox Church. Hence, it may fall on September 1 on the civil calendar, or on September 14 (between 1900 and 2099 inclusive).

The liturgical calendars of the [[Coptic Orthodox Church|Coptic]] and [[Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church|Ethiopian]] Orthodox churches are unrelated to these systems but instead follow the [[Alexandrian calendar]] which fixed the wandering [[ancient Egyptian calendar]] to the [[Julian year (calendar)|Julian year]]. Their New Year celebrations on [[Neyrouz]] and [[Enkutatash]] were fixed; however, at a point in the [[Sothic cycle]] close to the [[Indiction]]; between the years 1900 and 2100, they fall on September 11 during most years and September 12 in the years preceding a [[leap year]].