Editing New Netherland (section)

==Legacy==
[[File:Downtown Manhattan From Aeroplane.jpg|thumb|The original New Netherland settlements at Brooklyn, Manhattan, and Jersey City have grown into the [[New York metropolitan area]], the largest [[Metropolitan statistical area|metropolitan area]] in the United States]]
New Netherland grew into the largest [[Metropolitan statistical area|metropolitan area]] in the United States, and it left an enduring legacy on American cultural and political life,<ref>{{cite news      | last = Roberts   | first = Sam   | title = 350 Years Ago, New Amsterdam Became New York. Don't Expect a Party   | newspaper = The New York Times   | date = August 25, 2014   | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/26/nyregion/new-yorks-350th-birthday-party-your-invitation-isnt-lost-in-the-mail.html   | access-date = 19 September 2017}}</ref> "a secular broadmindedness and mercantile pragmatism"<ref name="Paumgarten 56"/> greatly influenced by the social and political climate in the [[Dutch Republic]] at the time, as well as by the character of those who immigrated to it.<ref>
{{Cite news
  | last = Roberts
  | first = Sam
  | title = Henry Hudson's View of New York: When Trees Tipped the Sky
  | newspaper = New York Times
  | date = January 24, 2009
  | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/25/nyregion/25manhattan.html?scp=4&sq=north%20hudson%20visions&st=cse
  | access-date = December 12, 2010}}</ref> It was during the early [[British Empire|British colonial period]] that the [[New Netherland Dutch|New Netherlanders]] actually developed the land and society that had an enduring impact on the [[Capital District, New York|Capital District]], the [[Hudson Valley]], [[North Jersey]], western [[Long Island]], [[New York City]], Fairfield County, and ultimately the United States.<ref name="Paumgarten 56"/>

===Political culture===
The concept of tolerance was the mainstay of the province's Dutch mother country. The [[Dutch Republic]] was a haven for many religious and intellectual refugees fleeing oppression, as well as home to the world's major ports in the newly developing [[economic globalization|global economy]]. Concepts of religious freedom and free trade (including a stock market) were [[Netherlands]] imports.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.groene.nl/artikel/de-hollandse-fundamenten-van-new-york | title=De Hollandse fundamenten van New York | date=November 19, 2004 }}</ref> In 1682, visiting Virginian William Byrd commented about New Amsterdam that "they have as many sects of religion there as at Amsterdam".

The Dutch Republic was one of the first [[nation-state]]s of Europe where [[citizenship]] and [[civil liberties]] were extended to large segments of the population. The framers of the [[U.S. Constitution]] were influenced by the Constitution of the [[Republic of the United Provinces]], though that influence was more as an example of things to avoid than of things to imitate.<ref>{{cite book|author=Alexander Hamilton, James Madison|title=Federalist Papers no. 20| date=December 11, 1787| url=http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext91/feder16.txt | access-date=January 15, 2008}}</ref>  

The [[United States Declaration of Independence]] (1776), is strikingly similar to the [[Act of Abjuration]] (1581), which is essentially a declaration of independence of the United Provinces from the Spanish throne,<ref name = "UWM06291998">{{cite news|author=Barbara Wolff |title=Was Declaration of Independence inspired by Dutch? |url=http://www.news.wisc.edu/3049 |publisher=[[University of Wisconsin–Madison]] |date=June 29, 1998 |access-date=December 14, 2007}}</ref> though there is no concrete evidence that the one influenced the other. [[John Adams]] went so far as to say that "the origins of the two Republics are so much alike that the history of one seems but a transcript from that of the other."<ref>{{cite web
| last = Reagan| first = Ronald| title = Remarks at the Welcoming Ceremony for Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands| work = Public Papers of Ronald Reagan| access-date = March 6, 2009| date = April 19, 1982| url = http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1982/41982a.htm| archive-date = September 24, 2008| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080924112821/http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1982/41982a.htm| url-status = dead}}</ref>
The [[Articles of Capitulation]] (outlining the terms of transfer to the English) in 1664<ref name="articlesofcap"/> provided for the right to worship as one wished, and were incorporated into subsequent city, state, and national constitutions in the United States, and are the legal and cultural code that lies at the root of the [[Tri-State Region|New York Tri-State]] traditions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.upenn.edu/pennpress/book/14980.html|title=New Netherland and the Dutch Origins of American Religious Liberty – Evan Haefeli|website=www.upenn.edu}}</ref>

The [[Flushing Remonstrance]] was a 1657 [[petition]] to Director-General Peter Stuyvesant, in which some thirty residents of the small settlement at [[Flushing, Queens|Flushing]] requested an exemption to his ban on [[Religious Society of Friends|Quaker]] worship. It is considered a precursor to the United States Constitution's provision on [[freedom of religion]] in the [[United States Bill of Rights|Bill of Rights]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thirteen.org/dutchny/interactives/document-the-flushing-remonstrance/|title=Document: The Flushing Remonstrance, 1657|date=August 17, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/articles/flushing-remonstrance.htm|title=Document that inspired Bill of Rights on display at Federal Hall National Memorial (U.S. National Park Service)|website=www.nps.gov}}</ref>

Many prominent U.S. citizens are [[Dutch American]] directly descended from the Dutch families of New Netherland.<ref>*{{cite web
| last = Welling
| first = George M.
| title = The United States of America and the Netherlands
| work = From Revolution to Reconstruction
| date = March 6, 2003
| url = http://www.let.rug.nl/usa/E/newnetherlands/nlxx.htm
| access-date = December 10, 2008
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110518074217/http://www.let.rug.nl/usa/E/newnetherlands/nlxx.htm
| archive-date = May 18, 2011
| url-status = dead
}}</ref> The [[Roosevelt family]] produced two [[President of the United States|Presidents]] and are descended from Claes van Roosevelt, who emigrated around 1650.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oudvossemeer.com/index.htm |access-date=February 28, 2008 |title=Oud Vossemeer&nbsp;– The cradle of the U.S.A. Roosevelt presidents and family |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071019101657/http://www.oudvossemeer.com/index.htm |archive-date=October 19, 2007 }}</ref> The Van Buren family of President [[Martin Van Buren]], who even spoke Dutch as his first language, also originated in New Netherland.<ref name="frontiers.loc.gov"/> The [[Bush family]] descendants from Flora Sheldon are descendants from the [[Schuyler family]].

===Lore===
[[File:Prinsenvlag.svg|thumb|''Prinsenvlag'', or "[[Prince's Flag]]", featuring the blue, white, and orange of some flags in the region]]
The blue, white, and orange on the flags of [[flag of New York City|New York City]], [[Albany, New York|Albany]] and [[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]] are those of the ''Prinsenvlag'' ("[[Prince's Flag]]"), introduced in the 17th century as the ''[[Statenvlag]]'' ("States Flag"), the naval flag of the [[States General of the Netherlands]].{{citation needed|date=January 2020}} The flag and seal of [[Nassau County, New York|Nassau County]] depicting the arms of the [[House of Nassau]] in the middle. The seven arrows in the lion's claw in the Dutch Republic's coat of arms was a precedent for the thirteen arrows in the eagle's claw in the [[Great Seal of the United States]].<ref>{{citation| last = Velde| first = François| title = Official Heraldry of the United States| date = December 8, 2003}}</ref>

[[Washington Irving]]'s satirical ''[[A History of New York]]'' and its famous fictional author [[Diedrich Knickerbocker]] had a large impact on the popular view of New Netherland's legacy.  Irving's romantic vision of a Dutch yeomanry dominated the popular imagination about the colony since its publication in 1809.<ref>Bradley, Elizabeth L. (2009). ''Knickerbocker: The Myth Behind New York''. Rutgers University Press.</ref> The tradition of [[Santa Claus]] is thought to have developed from a gift-giving celebration of the feast of [[Saint Nicholas]] on December 5 each year by the settlers of New Netherland.<ref name="Shorto" /><ref name=jona>{{cite web| last = Jona Lendering| author-link1 = Jona Lendering| title = Saint Nicholas, Sinterklaas, Santa Claus: New York 1776| work = livius.org| date = November 20, 2008| url = https://www.livius.org/ne-nn/nicholas/nicholas_of_myra3.html| access-date = March 26, 2020| archive-date = May 13, 2011| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110513114942/https://www.livius.org/ne-nn/nicholas/nicholas_of_myra3.html| url-status = dead}}</ref> The Dutch [[Sinterklaas]] was changed to "Santa Claus", a name first used in the American press in 1773,<ref>"Last Monday, the anniversary of St. Nicholas, otherwise called Santa Claus, was celebrated at Protestant Hall, at Mr. Waldron's; where a great number of sons of the ancient saint, the "Sons of Saint Nicholas", celebrated the day with great joy and festivity." ''Rivington's Gazette'' (New York City), December 23, 1773.</ref> when Nicholas was used as a symbol of New York's non-British past.<ref name=lendsantaclaus>{{cite web |last1=Lendering |first1=Jona |author-link1=Jona Lendering |title=Santa Claus |url=https://www.livius.org/articles/person/nicholas-of-myra/nicholas-of-myra-4/ |website=www.livius.org |publisher=Livius |access-date=7 February 2020 |date=23 November 2018 <!-- Created in 2006; last modified on 23 November 2018 -->}}</ref> However, many of the "traditions" of Santa Claus may have simply been invented by Irving in his 1809 ''Knickerbocker's History of New York from The Beginning of the World To the End of The Dutch Dynasty''.<ref name=jona/>

===Language and place names===
{{see|List of New Netherland placename etymologies}}
{{see also|Yankee}}
[[File:North River Gutenberg jeh.JPG|thumb|The ''[[North River (New York-New Jersey)|Noort Rivier]]'' was one of the three main rivers in New Netherland.]]
Dutch continued to be spoken in the region for some time. President [[Martin Van Buren]] grew up in [[Kinderhook (town), New York|Kinderhook, New York]] speaking only Dutch, becoming the only president not to have spoken English as a first language.<ref>{{cite book|last=Sturgis|first=Amy H.|author-link=Amy Sturgis|title=The Trail of Tears and Indian Removal|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|year=2007|page=93|isbn=978-0-313-33658-4}}</ref> A dialect known as [[Jersey Dutch]] was spoken in and around rural [[Bergen County, New Jersey|Bergen]] and [[Passaic County, New Jersey|Passaic]] counties in New Jersey until the early 20th century.<ref>{{cite book|last=Mencken|first=H.L.|author-link=H. L. Mencken|title=The American Language: An Inquiry into the Development of English in the United States|url=http://www.bartleby.com/185/|edition=2nd revised and enlarged|orig-year=1921|year=2000|publisher=bartleby.com|location=New York|chapter=Dutch|chapter-url=http://www.bartleby.com/185/a12.html}}</ref> [[Mohawk Dutch]] was spoken around [[Albany, New York|Albany]].<ref>{{Cite book
| publisher = Munsell's Sons
| last = Pearson
| first = Jonathan
|author2=Junius Wilson MacMurray
 | title = A History of the Schenectady Patent in the Dutch and English Times
| location =  Schenectady (NY)
| others = Original from Harvard University, Digitized May 10, 2007.
| year = 1883
}}</ref>

Early settlers and their descendants gave many place names that are still in use throughout the region of New Netherland.<ref name="frontiers.loc.gov"/> They adapted [[Native Americans in the United States|Indian]] names for locations such as [[Manhattan]], [[Hackensack, New Jersey|Hackensack]], [[Sing-Sing]], and [[Canarsie]]. [[Peekskill]], [[Catskill (village), New York|Catskill]], and [[Cresskill]] all refer to the streams, or ''kils'', around which they grew. Among those that use ''hoek'', meaning ''corner'',<ref name="Voorhees">{{cite book
|last=Voorhees
|first=David William
|title=Dutch New York:The Roots of Hudson Valley Culture
|year=2009
|publisher=Fordham University Press; Hudson River Museum
|location=Yonkers, NY
|isbn=978-0-8232-3039-6
|chapter=The Dutch Legacy in America
|page=418}}
</ref> are [[Constable Hook]], [[Kinderhook (town), New York|Kinderhook]], [[Paulus Hook]], [[Red Hook, New York|Red Hook]], and [[Sandy Hook, New Jersey|Sandy Hook]].