Editing Names of China (section)

== Official names ==
=== People's Republic of China ===
{{Infobox Chinese
| title = People's Republic of China
| pic = PRC (Chinese characters.svg
| piccap="People's Republic of China" in [[Simplified Chinese characters|simplified]] (top) and [[Traditional Chinese characters|traditional]] (bottom) Chinese characters
| picupright = 1.15
| t = {{linktext|中華人民共和國}}
| s = {{linktext|中华人民共和国}}
| p = Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó
| gr = Jonghwa Renmin Gonqhergwo
| mps = Jūnghuá Rénmín Gùnghéguó
| w = Chung¹-hua² Jên²-min²<br />Kung⁴-ho²-kuo²
| tp = Jhonghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó
| myr = Jūnghwá Rénmín Gùnghégwó
| mi = {{IPAc-cmn|zh|ong|1|.|h|wa|2|-|r|en|2|.|m|in|2|-|g|ong|4|.|h|e|2|.|g|wo|2}}
| sic = Zong<sup>1</sup> hua<sup>2</sup> Zen<sup>2</sup> min<sup>2</sup><br />Gong<sup>4</sup> hwe<sup>2</sup> gwe<sup>2</sup>
| bpmf = ㄓㄨㄥ&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ㄏㄨㄚˊ<br />ㄖㄣˊ&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ㄇㄧㄣˊ<br />ㄍㄨㄥˋ&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ㄏㄜˊ&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ㄍㄨㄛˊ
| xej = ﺟْﻮﺧُﻮَ ژٌمٍ ﻗْﻮحْقُوَع
| zh-dungan = Җунхуа Жынмин Гунхәгуй
| poj = Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok
| tl = Tiong-huâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok
| gan = Chungfa Ninmin Khungfokoet
| wuu = tson<sup>平</sup> gho<sup>平</sup> zin<sup>平</sup> min<sup>平</sup><br />gon<sup>去</sup> ghu<sup>平</sup> koh<sup>入</sup>
| j = Zung1waa4 Jan4man4 Gung6wo4gwok3
| ci = {{IPAc-yue|z|ung|7|.|w|aa|4|-|j|an|4|.|m|an|4|-|g|ung|6|.|w|o|4|.|gw|ok|3}}<br />''or''<br />{{IPAc-yue|z|ung|1|.|w|aa|4|-|j|an|4|.|m|an|4|-|g|ung|6|.|w|o|4|.|gw|ok|3}}
| y = Jùng'wàh Yàhnmàhn Guhng'wòhgwok<br />''or''<br />Jūng'wàh Yàhnmàhn Guhng'wòhgwok
| hsn = /tan<sup>33</sup> go<sup>13</sup> ŋin<sup>13</sup> min<sup>13</sup><br />gan<sup>45</sup> gu<sup>13</sup> kwɛ<sup>24</sup>/
| h = dung<sup>24</sup> fa<sup>11</sup> ngin<sup>11</sup> min<sup>11</sup><br />kiung<sup>55</sup> fo<sup>11</sup> gued<sup>2</sup>
| phfs = Chûng-fà Ngìn-mìn<br />Khiung-fò-koet
| buc = Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng<br />Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók
| hhbuc = De̤ng-huá Cíng-míng<br />Gē̤ng-hó̤-go̤h
| mblmc = Dô̤ng-uǎ Nêng-měng<br />Gō̤ng-uǎ-gŏ
| mong = ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ<br />ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ<br />ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ<br />ᠠᠷᠠᠳ<br />ᠤᠯᠤᠰ
| mon = Бүгд Найрамдах Дундад Ард Улс
| monr = Bügüde Nayiramdaqu Dumdadu Arad Ulus
| tib = {{bo-textonly|ཀྲུང་ཧྭ་མི་དམངས་སྤྱི<br />མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ}}
| wylie = krung hwa mi dmangs spyi mthun rgyal khab
| zwpy = Zhunghua Mimang Jitun Gyalkab
| uig = جۇڭخۇا خەلق جۇمھۇرىيىتى
| uly = Jungxua Xelq Jumhuriyiti
| uyy = Junghua Həlⱪ Jumⱨuriyiti
| sgs = Junghua Hälk̂ Jumĥuriyiti
| usy = Җуңхуа Хәлқ Җумһурийити
| zha = Cunghvaz Yinzminz Gunghozgoz
| mnc = ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ<br />ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠᡳᡵᡤᡝᠨ<br />ᡤᡠᠨᡥᡝ<br />ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ
| mnc_rom = Dulimbai niyalmairgen gunghe' gurun
| th = สาธารณรัฐประชาชนจีน
| showflag = p
| order = st
| qn = Cộng hoà Nhân dân Trung Hoa
| chuhan = 共和人民中華 / 中華人民共和国
| kanji = 中華人民共和国
| romaji = Chūkajinminkyōwakoku
| hangul = 중화 인민 공화국
| hanja = 中華人民共和国
| rr = junghwa inmin gonghwagug
}}

The name '''New China''' has been frequently applied to China by the [[Chinese Communist Party]] as a positive political and social term contrasting pre-1949 China (the [[Proclamation of the People's Republic of China|establishment of the PRC]]) and the new name of the socialist state, '''{{Transliteration|zh|Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó}}''' (in the older postal romanization, '''{{Transliteration|zh|Chunghwa Jenmin Konghokuo}}'''), or the "People's Republic of China" in English, which was adapted from the CCP's short-lived [[Chinese Soviet Republic]] in 1931. This term is also sometimes used by writers outside of mainland China. The PRC was known to many in the West during the [[Cold War]] as "'''Communist China'''" or "Red China" to distinguish it from the [[Republic of China]] which is commonly called "Taiwan", "Nationalist China", or "Free China". In some contexts, particularly in economics, trade, and sports, "China" is often used to refer to mainland China to the exclusion of Hong Kong, [[Macau]] and [[Taiwan]].

=== Republic of China ===
{{Infobox Chinese
|title = Republic of China
|pic = ROC (Chinese characters).svg
|piccap="Republic of China" in [[Traditional Chinese characters|Traditional]] (top) and [[Simplified Chinese characters|Simplified]] (bottom) Chinese characters
|t = {{linktext|中華民國}}
|s = {{linktext|中华民国}}
|psp = Chunghwa Minkuo
|l=Central State People's Country
|p = Zhōnghuá Mínguó
|gan = tung<sup>1</sup> fa<sup>4</sup> min<sup>4</sup> koet<sup>7</sup> ''or''<br />Chungfa Minkoet
|w = Chung¹-hua² Min²-kuo²
|bpmf = ㄓㄨㄥ&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ㄏㄨㄚˊ<br />ㄇㄧㄣˊ&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ㄍㄨㄛˊ|tp = Jhonghuá Mínguó |mps = Jūnghuá Mínguó |gr = Jonghwa Min'gwo |myr = Jūnghwá Mín'gwó|mi = {{IPAc-cmn|zh|ong|1|.|h|wa|2|-|m|in|2|.|g|wo|2}}
|xej = ﺟْﻮ ﺧُﻮَ مٍ ﻗُﻮَع
|poj = Tiong-hôa Bîn-kok|tl = Tiong-huâ Bîn-kok
|wuu = tson<sup>平</sup> gho<sup>平</sup> min<sup>平</sup> koh<sup>入</sup>
|j = Zung1waa4 Man4gwok3|ci = {{IPAc-yue|z|ung|7|.|w|aa|4|-|m|an|4|.|gw|ok|3}} ''or''<br />{{IPAc-yue|z|ung|1|.|w|aa|4|-|m|an|4|.|gw|ok|3}}|y = Jùng'wàh Màhn'gwok ''or''<br />Jūng'wàh Màhn'gwok
|h = dung<sup>24</sup> fa<sup>11</sup> min<sup>11</sup> gued<sup>2</sup>|phfs = Chûng-fà Mìn-koet
|buc = Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók
|showflag = taiwan
|kanji = {{lang|ja|中華民国}}
|kana = ちゅうかみんこく
|romaji = Chūka Minkoku
|hangul = 중화민국
|hanja = {{lang|ko|中華民國}}
|rr = Junghwa Minguk
|qn = Trung Hoa Dân Quốc
|chuhan = 中華民國
|altname = Chinese Taipei
|t2 = {{linktext|中華|臺北}} {{small|or}}<br />{{linktext|中華|台北}}
|s2 = {{linktext|中华|台北}}
|bpmf2 = ㄓㄨㄥ&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ㄏㄨㄚˊ<br />ㄊㄞˊ&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ㄅㄟˇ
|w2 = Chung¹-hua² Tʻai²-pei³
|p2 = Zhōnghuá Táiběi
|tp2 = Jhonghuá Táiběi
|mps2 = Jūnghuá Táiběi
|gr2 = Jonghwa Tairbeei
|poj2 = Tiong-hôa Tâi-pak
|tl2 = Tiong-huâ Tâi-pak
|phfs2 = Chûng-fà Thòi-pet
|buc2 = Dṳ̆ng-huà Dài-báe̤k
|myr2 = Jūnghwá Táiběi
|mi2 = {{IPAc-cmn|zh|ong|1|.|h|wa|2|-|t|ai|2|.|b|ei|3}}
|j2 = Zung1waa4 Toi4bak1
|ci2 = {{IPAc-yue|z|ung|7|.|w|aa|4|-|t|oi|4|.|b|ak|1}} ''or''<br />{{IPAc-yue|z|ung|1|.|w|aa|4|-|t|oi|4|.|b|ak|1}}
|y2 = Jùng'wàh Tòihbāk ''or''<br />Jūng'wàh Tòihbāk
<!---|gan2 = tung<sup>1</sup> fa<sup>4</sup> ''or''<br />Chungfa
|h2 = dung<sup>24</sup> fa<sup>11</sup> |phfs2 = Chûng-fà
|xej2 = ﺟْﻮ ﺧُﻮَ |wuu2 = tson<sup>平</sup> gho<sup>平</sup>
|suz2 = Dé-poh--->
| tib={{bo-textonly|ཀྲུང་ཧྭ་དམངས་གཙོའི།<br />་རྒྱལ་ཁབ}}
| wylie=krung hwa dmangs gtso'i rgyal khab
| uig=جۇڭخۇا مىنگو
| uly=Jungxua Mingo
| uyy=Junghua Mingo
| usy=Җуңхуа Минго
| zha=Cunghvaz Minzgoz
| mong=ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ<br />ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨ<br />ᠤᠯᠤᠰ
| mon=Дундад Иргэн Улс
| monr=Dumdadu Irgen Ulus
| mnc=ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ <br />ᡳᡵᡤᡝᠨ <br />ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ
| mnc_rom=Dulimbai irgen' Gurun
|altname3 = Separate Customs Territory of<br />Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu
|t3 = {{linktext|臺|澎|金|馬}}<br />{{linktext|個別|關稅|領域}}<br />{{small|or}}<br />{{linktext|台}}澎金馬<br />個別關稅領域
|s3 = {{linktext|台|澎|金|马}}<br />{{linktext|个别|关税|领域}}
|bpmf3 = ㄊㄞˊ&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ㄆㄥˊ&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ㄐㄧㄣ&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ㄇㄚˇ<br />ㄍㄜˋ&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ㄅㄧㄝˊ<br />ㄍㄨㄢ&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ㄕㄨㄟˋ&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ㄌㄧㄥˇ&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ㄩˋ
|w3 = Tʻai² Pʻêng² Chin¹ Ma³<br />Ko⁴-pieh² Kuan¹-shui⁴ Ling³-yü⁴
|p3 = Tái-Péng-Jīn-Mǎ<br />Gèbié Guānshuì Lǐngyù
|mi3 = {{IPAc-cmn|t|ai|2|-|p|eng|2|-|j|in|1|-|m|a|3}}<br />{{IPAc-cmn|g|e|4|.|b|ye|2|-|g|wan|1|.|sh|wei|4|-|l|ing|3|.|yu|4}}
|tp3 = Tái Péng Jin Mǎ<br />Gèbié Guanshuèi Lǐngyù
|mps3 = Tái Péng Jīn Mǎ<br />Gèbié Guānshuèi Lǐngyù
|gr3 = Tair Perng Jin Maa<br />Gehbye Guanshuey Liingyuh
|myr3 = Tái Péng Jīn Mǎ<br />Gèbyé Gwānshwèi Lǐngyù
|poj3 = Tâi Phîⁿ (''or'' Phêⁿ) Kim Bé<br />Kò-pia̍t Koan-sòe (''or'' Koan-sè) Léng-he̍k (''or'' Léng-e̍k)
|tl3 = Tâi Phînn (''or'' Phênn) Kim Bé<br />Kò-pia̍t Kuan-suè (''or'' Kuan-sè) Líng-hi̍k (''or'' Líng-i̍k)
|altname4 = Taiwan
|t4 = {{linktext|臺灣}} {{small|or}} {{linktext|台灣}} |s4 = {{linktext|台湾}}
|l4 = Terraced Bay
|bpmf4 = ㄊㄞˊ&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ㄨㄢ |w4 = Tʻai²-wan¹ |p4 = Táiwān |tp4 = Táiwan |myr4 = Táiwān |mps4 = Táiwān |gr4 = Tair'uan |psp4 = Taiwan |mi4 = {{IPAc-cmn|t|ai|2|.|wan|1}} |zh-dungan4 = Тэван
|hsn4 = dwɛ<sup>13</sup> ua<sup>44</sup>
|poj4 = Tâi-oân |tl4 = Tâi-uân
|phfs4 = Thòi-vàn {{small|or}} Thòi-vân
|buc4 = Dài-uăng
|j4 = Toi4waan1 |y4 = Tòihwāan |ci4 = {{IPAc-yue|t|oi|4|.|w|aan|1}} |wuu4 = The<sup>平</sup>-uae<sup>平</sup><br />{{IPA|wuu|d̥e uɛ|}}
|altname5 = {{langx|pt|(Ilha) Formosa}}
|t5 = {{linktext|福爾摩沙}}
|s5 = {{linktext|福尔摩沙}}
|l5 = beautiful island
|bpmf5 = ㄈㄨˊ&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ㄦˇ&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ㄇㄛˊ&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ㄕㄚ |w5 = Fu²-êrh³-mo²-sha¹ |p5 = Fú'ěrmóshā |tp5 = Fú'ěrmósha |mps5 = Fúěrmóshā |gr5 = Fwueelmosha |mi5={{IPAc-cmn|f|u|2|.|er|3|.|m|wo|2|.|sh|a|1}} |myr5=Fúěrmwóshā
|j5 = Fuk1ji5mo1saa1
|poj5 = Hok-ní-mô͘-sa
|phfs5 = 
|altname6 = Republic of Taiwan
|t6 = {{linktext|臺灣}}{{linktext|民國}} {{small|or}} {{linktext|台灣}}{{linktext|民國}} |s6 = {{linktext|台湾}}{{linktext|民国}}
|bpmf6 = ㄊㄞˊ&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ㄨㄢ<br />ㄇㄧㄣˊ&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ㄍㄨㄛˊ |w6 = Tʻai²-wan¹ Min²-kuo² |p6 = Táiwān Mínguó |tp6 = Táiwan Mínguó |myr6 = Táiwān Mín'gwó |mps6 = Táiwān Mínguó|gr6 = Tair'uan Min'gwo |psp6 = Taiwan Minkuo
|poj6 = Tâi-oân Bîn-kok|tl6 = Tâi-uân Bîn-kok|phfs6 = Thòi-vàn Mìn-koet {{small|or}} Thòi-vân Mìn-koet
}}

In 1912, China adopted its official name, '''{{Transliteration|zh|Chunghwa Minkuo}}''' (rendered in pinyin '''{{Transliteration|zh|Zhōnghuá Mínguó}}''') or in English as the "Republic of China", which has also sometimes been referred to as "[[History of the Republic of China|Republican China]]" or the "Republican Era" ({{lang|zh-Hant|民國時代}}), in contrast to the [[Qing dynasty]] it replaced, or as "'''[[Nationalist Government|Nationalist China]]'''", after the ruling Chinese Nationalist Party ([[Kuomintang]]). {{lang|zh-Hant|中華}} ({{Transliteration|zh|Chunghwa}}) is a term that pertains to "China", while {{lang|zh-Hant|民國}} ({{Transliteration|zh|Minkuo}}), literally "People's State" or "Peopledom", stands for "republic".<ref>{{lang|zh-Hant|《中華民國教育部重編國語辭典修訂本》:「以其位居四方之中，文化美盛，故稱其地為『中華』。」}}</ref><ref>Wilkinson. ''Chinese History: A Manual.'' p. 32.</ref> The name stems from the party manifesto of [[Tongmenghui]] in 1905, which says the four goals of the Chinese revolution were "to expel the Manchu rulers, to revive ''{{Transliteration|zh|Chunghwa}}'', to establish a Republic, and to distribute land equally among the people. The convener of Tongmenghui and Chinese revolutionary leader [[Sun Yat-sen]] proposed the name {{Transliteration|zh|Chunghwa Minkuo}} as the assumed name of the new country when the revolution succeeded.

Since the separation from mainland China in 1949 as a result of the [[Chinese Civil War]], the territory of the Republic of China has largely been confined to the island of Taiwan and some other small islands. Thus, the country is often simply referred to as simply "Taiwan", although this may not be perceived as politically neutral. Amid the hostile rhetoric of the [[Cold War]], the government and its supporters sometimes referred to themselves as "Free China" or "Liberal China", in contrast to the People's Republic of China, which was historically called the "Bandit-occupied Area" ({{lang|zh-Hant|匪區}}) by the ROC. In addition, the ROC, due to pressure from the PRC, uses the name "'''[[Chinese Taipei]]'''" ({{lang|zh-Hant|中華台北}}) whenever it participates in international forums or most sporting events such as the [[Olympic Games]].

Taiwanese politician Mei Feng had criticised the official English name of the state, "Republic of China", for failing to translate the Chinese character {{Transliteration|zh|Min}} ({{Lang-zh|t=民}}; English: people) according to Sun Yat-sen's original interpretations. According to him, the name should instead be translated as "the People's Republic of China", which confuses with the current official name of China under communist control.<ref>Mei Feng. {{cite web |title=中華民國應譯為「PRC」 |url=http://www.open.com.hk/content.php?id=1922#.VkolgHYveUk |publisher=开放网 |access-date=2022-05-25 |archive-date=2015-11-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117015955/http://www.open.com.hk/content.php?id=1922#.VkolgHYveUk |url-status=live }}2014-07-12</ref> To avoid confusion, the [[Democratic Progressive Party|DPP]] administration under [[Chen Shui-ban]] began to add "Taiwan" next to the nation's official name in 2005.<ref>{{Cite web |author=BBC 中文網 |date=2005-08-29 |script-title=<!-- Citation bot leave it -->zh:論壇：台總統府網頁加注“台灣” |trans-title=Forum: Adding "Taiwan" to the website of Taiwan's Presidential Office |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/chinese/trad/hi/newsid_4730000/newsid_4730400/4730413.stm |publisher=BBC 中文網 |language=zh-hant |quote=台總統府公共事務室陳文宗上周六（7月30日）表示，外界人士易把中華民國（Republic of China），誤認為對岸的中國，造成困擾和不便。公共事務室指出，為了明確區別，決定自周六起於中文[[繁体字|繁體]]、[[简化字|簡體]]的[[中華民國總統府|總統府]]網站中，在「中華民國」之後，以括弧加注「臺灣」。[Chen Wen-tsong, Public Affairs Office of Taiwan's Presidential Office, stated last Saturday (30 July) that outsiders tend to mistake the Chung-hua Min-kuo (Republic of China) for China on the other side, causing trouble and inconvenience. The Public Affairs Office pointed out that in order to clarify the distinction, it was decided to add "Taiwan" in brackets after "Republic of China" on the website of the Presidential Palace in traditional and simplified Chinese starting from Saturday.] |accessdate=2007-03-12 |archive-date=2018-06-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612230950/http://news.bbc.co.uk/chinese/trad/hi/newsid_4730000/newsid_4730400/4730413.stm |url-status=live }}</ref>