Editing Muslim Brotherhood (section)

===In the Middle East===
====Bahrain====
{{Further|Al Eslah Society|Al-Menber Islamic Society}}
Following parliamentary elections in 2002, [[Al-Menbar Islamic Society|Al Menbar]] became the largest joint party with eight seats in the forty-seat [[Chamber of Deputies of Bahrain|Chamber of Deputies]]. Prominent members of Al Menbar include Dr. Salah Abdulrahman, Dr. Salah Al Jowder, and outspoken MP [[Mohammed Khalid]]. Additionally, it has strongly opposed the government's accession to the [[International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.gulf-daily-news.com/1yr_arc_Articles.asp?Article=136119&Sn=BNEW&IssueID=28339&date=2-22-2006|title=Gulf Daily News|newspaper=Gulf Daily News|date=9 March 2009|access-date=27 August 2010|archive-date=24 May 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060524203917/http://www.gulf-daily-news.com/1yr_arc_Articles.asp?Article=136119&Sn=BNEW&IssueID=28339&date=2-22-2006|url-status=dead}}</ref>

====Iran====
{{see also|Iranian Call and Reform Organization}}
[[Iranian Call and Reform Organization]], a Sunni Islamist group active in Iran, predominantly among Kurds, has been described as an organization "that belongs to the Muslim Brotherhood"<ref>{{cite interview|title=Kurdistan and the Challenge of Islamism|url=https://hudson.org/research/11528-kurdistan-and-the-challenge-of-islamism|date=14 August 2015|interviewer=Ali, Rebaz|publisher=[[Hudson Institute]]|first=Hadi|last=Ali|quote=In Iran, there is a big Islamic organization called "Islah and Dawa Group" that belongs to the Muslim Brotherhood. They are not registered as a political group because political activities are not allowed in Iran. Obviously, the regime in Iran is a sectarian regime and will always try to limit the activities of local Sunnis. Islah and Dawa are not happy with the regime's sectarian policies, but I think there is very little they can do if they want to stay away from serious trouble. Because of their Muslim Brotherhood ties, they have good relations with the KIU.|access-date=6 April 2017|archive-date=30 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630233900/https://hudson.org/research/11528-kurdistan-and-the-challenge-of-islamism|url-status=live}}</ref> or "Iranian Muslim Brotherhood",<ref>{{cite thesis|type=M.A.|last=Rasoulpour|first=Khabat|year=2013|orig-year=1392|title=Sociologic explanation of establishment of Iranian Call and Reform Organization (Iranian Muslim Brotherhood) and evolution of its discourse|publisher=[[Tarbiat Moallem University]]|url=http://ganj.irandoc.ac.ir/articles/605772|language=fa|access-date=6 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305042535/http://ganj.irandoc.ac.ir/articles/605772|archive-date=5 March 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> while it has officially stated that it is not affiliated with the latter.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.meisami.net/cheshm/Cheshm/Cheshm/ch88/ch88-09.htm|title=A Glance at Muslim Brotherhood in Iran|language=fa|number=88|date=November 2014|orig-year=Aban–Azar 1393|author=Mohsen Ebadi|journal=Chesmandaz-e-Iran|access-date=6 April 2017|archive-date=5 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005000953/http://www.meisami.net/cheshm/Cheshm/Cheshm/ch88/ch88-09.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

====Turkey====
{{Further|Muslim Brotherhood in Turkey}}[[File:Erdogan_gesturing_Rabia.jpg|thumb|Erdoğan performing the [[Rabia sign|Rabaa]] gesture (which is used by Muslim Brotherhood supporters in Egypt protesting against the post-Brotherhood authorities)]]
The Turkish [[Justice and Development Party (Turkey)|AKP]], the ruling party of Turkey, publicly supported the Muslim Brotherhood during and a few months after the [[2013 Egyptian coup d'état|overthrow]] of the Muslim Brotherhood-affiliated Egyptian president [[Mohamed Morsi]] in July 2013.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/perspective/alarabiya-studies/2013/10/14/Turkey-s-relationship-with-the-Muslim-Brotherhood.html|title=Turkey's relationship with the Muslim Brotherhood|publisher=Al Arabiya|access-date=11 November 2016|archive-date=28 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128002411/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/perspective/alarabiya-studies/2013/10/14/Turkey-s-relationship-with-the-Muslim-Brotherhood.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dw.de/support-for-muslim-brotherhood-isolates-turkey/a-17037906|title=Support for Muslim Brotherhood isolates Turkey|work=Die Weld|access-date=7 June 2015|archive-date=26 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126203208/http://www.dw.de/support-for-muslim-brotherhood-isolates-turkey/a-17037906|url-status=live}}</ref> Then-Turkish Prime Minister [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] claimed in an interview that this was because "Turkey would stand by whoever was elected as a result of legitimate elections."<ref>{{cite web|title=Türbülans seçimlere izin verilmeyecek|url=http://m.sabah.com.tr/gundem/2014/06/08/turbulans-secimlere-izin-verilmeyecek|access-date=5 September 2017|archive-date=6 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906092527/http://m.sabah.com.tr/gundem/2014/06/08/turbulans-secimlere-izin-verilmeyecek|url-status=live}}</ref> According to the [[Carnegie Endowment for International Peace]], each year after Morsi's overthrow has seen the AKP "significantly detach itself from the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt."<ref>{{cite web |title=The Seesaw Friendship Between Turkey's AKP and Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood |url=https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2014/07/the-seesaw-friendship-between-turkeys-akp-and-egypts-muslim-brotherhood?lang=en |publisher=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace |access-date=5 September 2017 |archive-date=6 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906091644/http://carnegieendowment.org/2014/07/24/seesaw-friendship-between-turkey-s-akp-and-egypt-s-muslim-brotherhood-pub-56243 |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Iraq====
{{Further|Muslim Brotherhood in Iraq|Hamas of Iraq|Kurdistan Islamic Union|Iraqi Islamic Party}}

The [[Iraqi Islamic Party]] was formed in 1960 as the Iraqi branch of the Brotherhood,<ref>{{cite web |author=Alan Godlas |url=http://www.uga.edu/islam/muslim_brotherhood_iraq.html |title=The Muslim Brotherhood in Iraq |publisher=Uga.edu |date=17 July 1968 |access-date=27 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822183509/http://www.uga.edu/islam/muslim_brotherhood_iraq.html |archive-date=22 August 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> but was banned from 1961 during the nationalist rule of [[Abd al-Karim Qasim]]. As government repression hardened under the [[Baath Party]] from February 1963, the group was forced to continue underground. After the [[2003 invasion of Iraq|fall]] of the [[Saddam Hussein]] government in 2003, the Islamic Party has reemerged as one of the main advocates of the country's Sunni community. Its leader is Iraqi Vice-president [[Tariq Al-Hashimi]].

The Muslim Brotherhood was an active participation in the "Faith Campaign".<ref>{{cite journal |last=Al Aqeedi |first=Rasha |date=February 2016 |title=Hisba in Mosul: Systematic Oppression in the Name of Virtue |url=https://cchs.gwu.edu/sites/cchs.gwu.edu/files/downloads/AlAqeedi_Paper.pdf |journal=Occasional Paper |publisher=Program on Extremism at George Washington University |page=3 |access-date=13 February 2017 |archive-date=25 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161025042950/https://cchs.gwu.edu/sites/cchs.gwu.edu/files/downloads/AlAqeedi_Paper.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> 

[[Khaled al-Obaidi]] said that he received a death threat and was declared a non-Muslim by the Muslim Brotherhood.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/khalid_alobeidi/status/760934455741706240 |title=خالد العبيدي يرد على تهديدات الاخوان المسلمين باغتياله: لن نتهاون في كشف الفاسدين وحياتي ليست أغلى من اي مقاتل |last=Al-Obeidi |first=Khalid |date=3 August 2016 |via=Twitter |access-date=7 June 2017 |archive-date=25 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170225130226/https://twitter.com/khalid_alobeidi/status/760934455741706240 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=November 2020}}

Also, in the north of Iraq there are several Islamic movements inspired by or part of the Muslim Brotherhood network. The [[Kurdistan Islamic Union]] (KIU), a small political party holding 10 seats in the Kurdish parliament, was believed to be supportive of the Muslim Brotherhood in the 90's.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/not_in_website/syndication/monitoring/media_reports/2588623.stm|work=BBC News|title=Profile: Kurdish Islamist movement|date=13 January 2003|access-date=6 April 2010|archive-date=12 March 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312092743/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/not_in_website/syndication/monitoring/media_reports/2588623.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> The group leaders and members have been continuously arrested by Kurdish authorities.

====Israel====
{{Further|Islamic Movement in Israel}}
'Abd al-Rahman al-Banna, the brother of the Muslim Brotherhood founder Hasan al-Banna, went to [[Mandatory Palestine]] and established the Muslim Brotherhood there in 1935. [[Mohammad Amin al-Husayni|Al-Hajj Amin al-Husseini]], eventually appointed by the British as Grand Mufti of Jerusalem in hopes of accommodating him, was the leader of the group in Palestine.<ref>{{cite news|title=Saudi newspaper slams Muslim Brotherhood as 'Nazis'|url=https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/saudi-newspaper-slams-muslim-brotherhood-as-nazis-617703|work=The Jerusalem Post|date=19 February 2020|access-date=16 July 2020|archive-date=14 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714130434/https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/saudi-newspaper-slams-muslim-brotherhood-as-nazis-617703|url-status=live}}</ref> Another important leader associated with the Muslim Brotherhood in Palestine was 'Izz al-Din al-Qassam, an inspiration to Islamists because he had been the first to lead an armed resistance in the name of Palestine against the British in 1935.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Cohen|first=Amnon|title=Political Parties in the West Bank under the Jordanian Regime, 1949–1967|publisher=Cornell University Press|year=1982|place=Ithaca, New York|isbn=978-0-8014-1321-6|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/politicalparties00cohe|page=144}}</ref>

Brotherhood members fought alongside the Arab armies during the [[1948 Arab–Israeli war]], and, after Israel's creation, the ensuing [[Palestinian refugee]] crisis encouraged more Palestinian Muslims to join the group. After the war, in the West Bank, the group's activity was mainly social and religious, not political, so it had relatively good relations with Jordan during the [[Jordanian annexation of the West Bank]]. In contrast, the group frequently clashed with the Egyptian government that controlled the Gaza Strip until 1967.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Shadid|first=Mohammed K|title=The Muslim Brotherhood Movement in the West Bank and Gaza|journal=Third World Quarterly|date=April 1988|volume=10|issue=2|pages=658–682|jstor=3992661|doi=10.1080/01436598808420076}}</ref>

In the 1950s and 1960s, the Brotherhood's goal was "the upbringing of an Islamic generation" through the restructuring of society and religious education, rather than opposition to Israel, and so it lost popularity to insurgent movements and the presence of [[Hizb ut-Tahrir]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Islamic Fundamentalism in the West Bank and Gaza: Muslim Brotherhood and Islamic Jihad|date=22 March 1994|last=Abu-Amr|first=Ziad|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=0253208661}}</ref> Eventually, however, the Brotherhood was strengthened by several factors:
# The creation of al-Mujamma' al-Islami, the Islamic Center in 1973 by Shaykh Ahmad Yasin had a centralizing effect that encapsulated all religious organizations.
# The Muslim Brotherhood Society in Jordan and Palestine was created from a merger of the branches in the West Bank and Gaza and Jordan.
# Palestinian disillusion with the Palestinian militant groups caused them to become more open to alternatives.
# The Islamic Revolution in Iran offered inspiration to Palestinians. The Brotherhood was able to increase its efforts in Palestine and avoid being dismantled like militant groups because it did not focus on the occupation. While militant groups were being dismantled, the Brotherhood filled the void.<ref name=hamas>{{citation|title=Hamas: A Historical and Political Background|first=Ziad|last=Abu-Amr|journal=Journal of Palestine Studies|volume=22|issue=4|date=Summer 1993|pages=5–19|jstor=2538077|doi=10.1525/jps.1993.22.4.00p00027}}</ref>

In 2006, the Brotherhood supported [[2006 Lebanon War|Hezbollah's military action against Israel]]. It does not recognize the State of Israel.<ref>{{Cite news|title=The Muslim Brotherhood|date=18 February 2011|work=The Week|page=13}}</ref>

====Palestine====
{{Further|Hamas}}
Between 1967 and 1987, the year Hamas was founded, the number of mosques in Gaza tripled from 200 to 600, and the Muslim Brotherhood named the period between 1975 and 1987 a phase of "social institution building."<ref name="Strindberg, Anders, and Wärn, Mats 2011 87" /> During that time, the Brotherhood established associations, used [[zakat]] (alms giving) for aid to poor Palestinians, promoted schools, provided students with loans, used [[waqf]] (religious endowments) to lease property and employ people, and established mosques. Likewise, antagonistic and sometimes violent opposition to [[Fatah]], the [[Palestine Liberation Organization]] and other secular nationalist groups increased dramatically in the streets and on university campuses.<ref name="online.wsj.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB123275572295011847|title=How Israel Helped to Spawn Hamas|author=Higgins, Andrew|work=The Wall Street Journal|date=24 January 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090129084905/http://online.wsj.com/article/SB123275572295011847.html |archive-date=29 January 2009|access-date=7 June 2017}}</ref>

In 1987, following the First Intifada, the ''Islamic Resistance Movement'', or [[Hamas]]<ref name=hamas/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mideastweb.org/hamas.htm|title=Hamas Charter|publisher=Mideastweb.org|access-date=27 August 2010|archive-date=1 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901180015/http://www.mideastweb.org/hamas.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> was established from Brotherhood-affiliated charities and social institutions that had gained a strong foothold among the local population. During the [[First Intifada]] (1987–93), Hamas militarized and transformed into one of the strongest Palestinian militant groups.

The [[Battle of Gaza (2007)|Hamas takeover of the Gaza Strip]] in 2007 was the first time since the Sudanese coup of 1989 that brought [[Omar al-Bashir]] to power, that a Muslim Brotherhood group ruled a significant geographic territory.<ref name="Schanzer">{{cite journal|url=http://www.currenttrends.org/research/detail/the-talibanization-of-gaza-a-liability-for-the-muslim-brotherhood|title=The Talibanization of Gaza: A Liability for the Muslim Brotherhood|last=Schanzer|first=Jonathan|date=19 August 2009|journal=[[Current Trends in Islamist Ideology]]|volume=9|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100929201200/http://www.currenttrends.org/research/detail/the-talibanization-of-gaza-a-liability-for-the-muslim-brotherhood |archive-date=29 September 2010 }}</ref> However, the 2013 overthrow of the [[Mohammad Morsi]] government in Egypt significantly weakened Hamas's position, leading to a blockade of Gaza and economic crisis.<ref name=Ibish3-hamas>{{cite web|last=Ibish|first=Hussein|title=Is this the end of the failed Muslim Brotherhood project?|url=http://www.thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/comment/is-this-the-end-of-the-failed-muslim-brotherhood-project|date=5 October 2013|work=The National|access-date=8 October 2013|quote=Hamas in Gaza is undergoing an unprecedented crisis. It bizarrely made no effort to convince the new Egyptian government that it was not a hostile force, especially with regard to security in Sinai. It is therefore being treated like one. Egypt has imposed an unparalleled blockade, leaving the economy in shambles. For the first time since 2007, it is now possible to imagine a Gaza no longer under Hamas control.|archive-date=16 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170416052905/http://www.thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/comment/is-this-the-end-of-the-failed-muslim-brotherhood-project|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Jordan====
{{Further|Islamic Action Front}}
The Muslim Brotherhood in Jordan originates from the merging of two separate groups which represent the two components of the Jordanian public: the Transjordanian and the West Bank Palestinian.<ref name="The Muslim Brotherhood in Jordan">{{cite book|last1=Bar|first1=Shmuel|title=The Muslim Brotherhood in Jordan|date=1998|publisher=Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies |isbn=9789652240309}}</ref>

On 9 November 1945 the Association of the Muslim Brotherhood (Jam'iyat al-Ikhwan al-Muslimin) was officially registered and Abu Qura became its first General Supervisor.<ref name="The Muslim Brotherhood in Jordan" /> Abu Qura originally brought the Brotherhood to Jordan from Egypt after extensive study and spread of the teachings of Imam Hasan al-Banna.<ref name="The Muslim Brotherhood in Jordan" /> While most political parties and movements were banned for a long time in Jordan such as [[Hizb ut-Tahrir]], the Brotherhood was exempted and allowed to operate by the Jordanian monarchy. In 1948, Egypt, Syria, and Transjordan offered "volunteers" to help Palestine in its war against Israel. Due to the defeat and weakening of Palestine, the Transjordanian and Palestinian Brotherhood merged.<ref name="The Muslim Brotherhood in Jordan" />

The newly merged Muslim Brotherhood in Jordan was primarily concerned with providing social services and charitable work as well as with politics and its role in the parliament. It was seen as compatible with the political system and supported democracy without the forced implementation of Sharia law which was part of its doctrine.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Freij|first1=Hanna|title=Jordan: The Muslim Brotherhood and the Kings of Jordan 1945–1993|date=2000|location=Washington}}</ref> However, internal pressures from younger members of the Brotherhood who called for more militant actions as well as his failing health, Abu Qura resigned as the leader of the Jordanian Muslim Brotherhood. On 26 December 1953, Muhammad 'Abd al-Rahman Khalifa, was elected by the movement's administrative committee as the new leader of the Transjordanian Brotherhood and he retained this position until 1994. Khalifa was different from his predecessor and older members of the organization because he was not educated in Cairo, he was educated in Syria and Palestine. He established close ties with Palestinian Islamists during his educational life which led him to be jailed for several months in Jordan for criticizing Arab armies in the war.<ref name="The Muslim Brotherhood in Jordan" />

Khalifa also reorganized the Brotherhood and applied to the government to designate the Brotherhood as "a comprehensive and general Islamic Committee, instead of the previous basis of operation under the Societies and Clubs Law". This allowed the Brotherhood to spread throughout the country each with slight socioeconomic and political differences although the majority of the members were of the upper middle class. The radicalization of the Brotherhood began to take place after the peace process between Egypt and Israel, the Islamic Revolution of Iran, as well as their open criticism towards the Jordan-US relationship in the 1970s. Support for the Syrian branch of the Brotherhood also aided the radicalization of the group through open support and training for the rebel forces in Syria. The ideology began to transform into a more militant one which without it would not have the support of the Islamic radicals.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Leiken|first1=Robert|last2=Brooke|first2=Steven |title=The Moderate Muslim Brotherhood|magazine=Foreign Affairs|year=2007|volume=86|issue=2|pages=107–121}}</ref>

The Jordanian Brotherhood has formed its own political party, the [[Islamic Action Front]]. In 1989 they become the largest group in parliament, with 23 out of 80 seats, and 9 other Islamist allies.<ref>{{cite web|author=Tore Kjeilen|url=http://lexicorient.com/e.o/mus_br_jordan.htm|title=Muslim Brotherhood / Jordan|publisher=Looklex Encyclopedia|date=20 September 2000|access-date=27 August 2010|archive-date=16 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101216093325/http://lexicorient.com/e.o/mus_br_jordan.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> A Brother was elected president of the National Assembly and the cabinet formed in January 1991 included several MBs.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Roy|first1=Olivier|title=The Failure of Political Islam|publisher=Harvard University Press|year=1994|url=https://archive.org/details/failureofpolitic00royo|url-access=registration|quote=The Failure of Political Islam muslim world league.|access-date=2 April 2015|page=[https://archive.org/details/failureofpolitic00royo/page/128 128]|ref=ORFPI1994|isbn=9780674291416}}</ref>

In 2011, against the backdrop of the [[Arab Spring]], the Jordanian Muslim Brotherhood "mobilized popular protests on a larger, more regular, and more oppositional basis than ever before".<ref name="Amis">{{cite web|title=The Jordanian Brotherhood in the Arab Spring|url=https://www.hudson.org/research/9876-the-jordanian-brotherhood-in-the-arab-spring|last=Amis|first=Jacob|publisher=[[Hudson Institute]]|access-date=5 September 2017|archive-date=7 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907032743/https://www.hudson.org/research/9876-the-jordanian-brotherhood-in-the-arab-spring|url-status=dead}}</ref> and had uniquely positioned themselves as "the only traditional political actor to have remained prominent during [the] new phase of post-Arab Spring activism"<ref name="Amis"/> which led [[Abdullah II of Jordan|King Abdullah II]] and then-Prime Minister [[Marouf al-Bakhit]] to invite the Muslim Brotherhood to join Bakhit's cabinet, an offer they refused.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jordan 2011: Uneasy Lies the Head|url=https://www.brandeis.edu/crown/publications/meb/MEB52.pdf|publisher=[[Brandeis University]]|last=Susser|first=Asher|access-date=5 September 2017|quote=the King himself had entered into dialogue with the organization in early February, just a few days after Bakhit's appointment and following years of estrangement. Bakhit even invited the Brotherhood to join his cabinet.|archive-date=10 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010025404/https://www.brandeis.edu/crown/publications/meb/MEB52.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> The Muslim Brotherhood also boycotted the 2011 Jordanian municipal elections and led the [[2011–12 Jordanian protests]] demanding a constitutional monarchy and electoral reforms, which resulted in the firing of [[Marouf al-Bakhit|Prime Minister Bakhit]] and the calling of [[2013 Jordanian general election|early general elections in 2013]].<ref name="Amis"/>

As of late 2013, the movement in Jordan was described as being in "disarray".<ref name=Ibish2>{{cite web|last=Ibish|first=Hussein|title=Is this the end of the failed Muslim Brotherhood project?|url=http://www.thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/comment/is-this-the-end-of-the-failed-muslim-brotherhood-project|date=5 October 2013|work=The National|access-date=8 October 2013|quote=The Jordanian Muslim Brotherhood, which seemed to be growing from strength to strength a mere year ago, is in utter disarray.|archive-date=16 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170416052905/http://www.thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/comment/is-this-the-end-of-the-failed-muslim-brotherhood-project|url-status=live}}</ref> The instability and conflict with the monarchy has led the relationship between the two to crumble. In 2015, some 400 members of the Muslim Brotherhood defected from the original group including top leaders and founding members, to establish another Islamic group, with an allegedly moderate stance. The defectors said that they didn't like how things were run in the group and due to the group's relations with Hamas, Qatar and Turkey, which put suspicion on the group questioning if they are under the influence and working for the benefit of these states and organizations on the expense of the Jordanian state.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2016/01/jordan-muslim-brotherhood-resignations.html|title=Defections threaten Jordan's Brotherhood|date=14 January 2016|access-date=14 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415130218/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2016/01/jordan-muslim-brotherhood-resignations.html|archive-date=15 April 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

On 13 April 2016, Jordanian police raided and shut the Muslim Brotherhood headquarters in Amman. This comes despite the fact that the Jordanian branch cut ties with the mother Egyptian group in January 2016, a designated terrorist organization, a move that is considered to be exclusively cosmetic by experts. Jordanian authorities state that the reason of closure is because that the Brotherhood is unlicensed and is using the name of the defectors' licensed group. This comes after the Jordanian senate passed a new legislation for the regulation of political parties in 2014, the Muslim Brotherhood did not adhere by the regulations of the new law and so they did not renew their membership.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-36035089|title=Jordan shuts down Muslim Brotherhood headquarters |work=BBC News|date=13 April 2016}}</ref>

In 2020, a Jordanian Court of Cassation decided that the local branch of the Muslim Brotherhood will be dissolved after the branch did not renew its license after a new law was issued on organizations.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jordan top court dissolves country's Muslim Brotherhood|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/jordan-top-court-dissolves-countrys-muslim-brotherhood/ar-BB16OBQx|access-date=2020-07-19|publisher=MSN|archive-date=21 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721085558/https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/jordan-top-court-dissolves-countrys-muslim-brotherhood/ar-BB16OBQx|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 23 April 2025, Jordan's Interior Minister [[Mazin Al-Farrayeh|Mazin Al Farrayeh]] announced the immediate ban of the Muslim Brotherhood and the seizure of its assets and offices, following the uncovering of a sabotage plot linked to members of the group . The Muslim Brotherhood has had a longstanding presence in Jordan, officially registered in 1945, and has been involved in both social services and political activities, including forming its own political party, the Islamic Action Front . Over the years, the group has experienced internal divisions and increasing tensions with the Jordanian government, leading to previous actions such as the 2016 closure of its headquarters and a 2020 court ruling ordering its dissolution for failing to renew its license. This latest move reflects the government's ongoing efforts to curb the organization's influence within the country.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jordan bans Muslim Brotherhood, seizes its assets and offices |url=https://www.lbcgroup.tv/news/middleeastnews/850462/jordan-bans-muslim-brotherhood-seizes-its-assets-and-offices/en |access-date=2025-04-23 |website=LBCIV7 |language=en}}</ref>

====Qatar====
In 1999 the Muslim Brotherhood was disbanded in Qatar. The country's longstanding support for the group has been often explained as determined by a strategic calculus that limited the role played by religion in Qatar.<ref name=":20">{{Cite news|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2014/0418/Behind-Qatar-s-bet-on-the-Muslim-Brotherhood|title=Behind Qatar's bet on the Muslim Brotherhood|last=Bryant|first=Christa Case|date=2014-04-18|newspaper=[[The Christian Science Monitor]]|access-date=2016-06-09|archive-date=16 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116005941/https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2014/0418/Behind-Qatar-s-bet-on-the-Muslim-Brotherhood|url-status=live}}</ref> As the director of the Center for International and Regional Studies at the Doha-based branch of Georgetown University, Mehran Kamrava, posited, Qatar presenting itself as the state patron of the Muslim Brotherhood has caused religion in Qatar to not "play any role in articulating or forming oppositional sentiments."<ref name=":20" />

Qatar's patronage has been primarily expressed through the ruling family's endorsement of Muslim Brotherhood's most representative figures, especially [[Yusuf al-Qaradawi]]. Qaradawi is a prominent, yet controversial Sunni preacher and theologian who continues to serve as the spiritual leader of the Muslim Brotherhood. An Egyptian citizen, Qaradawi fled Egypt for Qatar in 1961 after being imprisoned under President [[Gamal Abdul Nasser]]. In 1962 he chaired the Qatari Secondary Institute of Religious Studies, and in 1977 he founded and directed the Shariah and Islamic Studies department at the [[University of Qatar]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.qfis.edu.qa/files/pdf/Microsoft%20Word%20-%20QFIS_Scholarships%202009-2010.pdf |title=Qatar Faculty of Islamic Studies (QFIS)|access-date=2010-02-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090306151209/http://www.qfis.edu.qa/files/pdf/Microsoft%20Word%20-%20QFIS_Scholarships%202009-2010.pdf |archive-date=2009-03-06 }}</ref> He left Qatar to return to Egypt shortly before the [[2011 Egyptian revolution]].

For twenty years, Qaradawi has hosted a popular show titled Shariah and Life on the Qatari-based media channel [[Al Jazeera Arabic|Al-Jazeera]], a government sponsored channel notoriously supportive of the Muslim Brotherhood and Islamism and often designated as a propaganda outlet for the Qatari government.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Kessler|first=Oren|author-link=Oren Kessler|date=2012-01-01|title=The Two Faces of Al Jazeera|url=http://www.meforum.org/3147/al-jazeera|journal=[[Middle East Quarterly]]|access-date=6 March 2021|archive-date=25 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125034847/https://www.meforum.org/3147/al-jazeera|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2014/02/19/why-egypt-hates-al-jazeera/|title=Why Egypt Hates Al Jazeera|website=[[Foreign Policy]]|date=19 February 2014|access-date=2016-06-09|archive-date=11 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511205202/https://foreignpolicy.com/2014/02/19/why-egypt-hates-al-jazeera/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/08/world/middleeast/qatars-support-of-extremists-alienates-allies-near-and-far.html|title=Qatar's Support of Islamists Alienates Allies Near and Far|last=Kirkpatrick|first=David D.|author-link=David D. Kirkpatrick|date=2014-09-07|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=2016-06-09|archive-date=13 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513164920/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/08/world/middleeast/qatars-support-of-extremists-alienates-allies-near-and-far.html|url-status=live}}</ref> From that platform, he has promoted his Islamist—and often radical views—on life, politics, and culture.

His positions, as well as his controversial ties to extremist and terrorist individuals and organizations, made him [[persona non grata]] to the U.S., UK and French governments respectively in 1999, 2008, and 2012.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/7232398.stm|title=Muslim cleric not allowed into UK|date=2008-02-07|newspaper=BBC|access-date=2016-06-09|archive-date=11 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080211003943/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/7232398.stm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17512436|title=France election: Sarkozy vows ban on militant preachers|work=BBC News|date=26 March 2012|language=en-GB|access-date=2016-06-09|archive-date=13 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513001702/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17512436|url-status=live}}</ref>

Before 2013, however, Qatar had made a substantial investment on Morsi's leadership and had devolved about $10 million to Egypt since Morsi was elected, allegedly also to "buy political advantage" in the country.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-23185441|title=Egypt crisis: Fall of Morsi challenges Qatar's new emir|work=BBC News|date=5 July 2013|language=en-GB|access-date=2016-06-09|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308083746/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-23185441|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/af5d068a-e3ef-11e2-b35b-00144feabdc0.html#axzz49s9GGRrO|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210201257/https://www.ft.com/content/af5d068a-e3ef-11e2-b35b-00144feabdc0#axzz49s9GGRrO|archive-date=10 December 2022|url-access=subscription|title=Fall of Egypt's Mohamed Morsi is blow to Qatari leadership|last=Kerr|first=Simeon|date=2013-07-03|newspaper=[[Financial Times]]|access-date=2016-06-09|url-status=live}}</ref>

In December 2019, Qatari Foreign Minister Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al Thani told CNN in an interview that Qatar never supported Muslim Brotherhood and does not fund terrorism.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CNN.com – Transcripts |url=https://transcripts.cnn.com/show/ctw/date/2019-12-15/segment/02 |access-date=2022-04-25 |website=CNN |archive-date=13 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513152624/http://edition.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1912/15/ctw.02.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Kuwait====
{{Further|Hadas}}
Egyptian Brethren came to Kuwait in the 1950s as refugees from Arab nationalism and integrated into the education ministry and other parts of the state. The Brotherhood's charity arm in Kuwait is called Al Eslah (Social Reform Society)<ref name=monitor-kuwait/> and its political arm is called the Islamic Constitutional Movement (ICM) or "Hadas".<ref>{{cite book|title=The Future of Political Islam|first=Graham E.|last=Fuller|publisher=Palgrave MacMillan|year=2003|page=39}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,491925,00.html|title=Charting the Rise of the Muslim Brotherhood|newspaper=Der Spiegel|date=3 July 2007|access-date=19 September 2007|archive-date=15 September 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070915102613/http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,491925,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Members of ICM have been elected to parliament and served in the government and are "widely believed to hold sway with the [[Kuwait Ministry of Awqaf and Islamic Affairs|Ministry of Awqaf" (Islamic endowment) and Islamic Affairs]], but have never reached a majority or even a plurality—"a fact that has required them to be pragmatic about working with other political groups".<ref name=monitor-kuwait>{{cite news|last1=Dickinson|first1=Elizabeth|title=Saudi action puts Muslim Brotherhood in Kuwait on spot|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/03/muslim-brotherhood-kuwait-saudi-terror.html#|access-date=19 April 2015|agency=Al Monitor|date=10 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418230617/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/03/muslim-brotherhood-kuwait-saudi-terror.html|archive-date=18 April 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> During the [[invasion of Kuwait]], the Kuwait MB (along with other MB in the Gulf States) supported the American-Saudi coalition forces against Iraq and "quit the brotherhood's international agency in protest" over its pro-Saddam stand.<ref name=roy-121>{{cite book|last=Roy|first=Olivier|others=translator Volk, Carol|title=The Failure of Political Islam|url=https://archive.org/details/failureofpolitic00royo|url-access=registration|date=1994|publisher=Harvard University Press|page=[https://archive.org/details/failureofpolitic00royo/page/121 121]|isbn=9780674291409}}</ref> However following the Arab Spring and the crackdown on the Egyptian Brotherhood, the Saudi government has put "pressure on other states that have Muslim Brotherhood adherents, asking them to decree that the group is a terrorist organization", and the local Kuwaiti and other Gulf state Brotherhoods have not been spared pressure from their local governments.<ref name=monitor-kuwait />

====Saudi Arabia====
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia helped the Brotherhood financially for "over half a century",<ref name="WashingtonPost-Diverse">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A12823-2004Sep10.html|title=In Search of Friends Among The Foes U.S. Hopes to Work With Diverse Group|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=10 September 2004|access-date=28 November 2012|first1=John|last1=Mintz|first2=Douglas|last2=Farah|archive-date=28 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628210742/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A12823-2004Sep10.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Dreyfuss">{{cite magazine|last=Dreyfuss|first=Bob|title=Saudi Arabia and the Brotherhood: What the 'New York Times' Missed|magazine=The Nation|date=13 July 2012|url=http://www.thenation.com/blog/168871/saudi-arabia-and-brotherhood-what-new-york-times-missed|access-date=17 April 2014|archive-date=27 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140527031326/http://www.thenation.com/blog/168871/saudi-arabia-and-brotherhood-what-new-york-times-missed|url-status=live}}</ref> but the two became estranged during the [[Gulf War]], and enemies after the election of [[Mohamed Morsi]]. Inside the kingdom, before the crushing of the Egyptian MB, the Brotherhood was called a group whose "many quiet supporters" made it "one of the few potential threats" to the royal family's control.<ref name=Nosat-econ2-1-2014>{{cite magazine|title=No satisfaction|magazine=The Economist|date=1 February 2014|url=https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21595480-despite-their-immense-wealth-saudis-are-not-happy-no-satisfaction|quote=Long fearful of the Muslim Brotherhood, whose many quiet supporters in the kingdom represent one of the few potential threats to their own control, the Al Sauds strongly backed their removal from government in Egypt.|access-date=5 September 2017|archive-date=12 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012115331/https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21595480-despite-their-immense-wealth-saudis-are-not-happy-no-satisfaction|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Brotherhood first had an impact inside Saudi Arabia in 1954 when thousands of Egyptian Brethren sought to escape president Gamal Abdel Nasser's clampdown, while (the largely illiterate) Saudi Arabia was looking for teachers—who were also conservative pious Arab Muslims—for its newly created public school system.<ref>{{cite book|last=House|first=Karen Elliott|author-link=Karen Elliott House|title=On Saudi Arabia: Its People, past, Religion, Fault Lines and Future|publisher=Knopf|year=2012|page=144|quote=In the 1960s, when Faisal became king, he championed the creation of public schools across the kingdom for boys—and also girls. The largely illiterate nation had few qualified teachers, so the government dispatched emissaries abroad, mostly to Egypt and Jordan, to recruit teachers with substantive skills who also were devout Muslims. A hallmark of King Faisal's reign was an effort to create an Islamic alliance in the Middle East to counter the Arab nationalism of Egypt's president, Gamel Abdel Nasser. When Nasser, a nationalist strongman and sworn enemy of Saudi Arabia, turned on his country's conservative Muslim Brotherhood, King Faisal welcomed those religious conservatives into Saudi Arabia as scholars and teachers, reinforcing the fundamentalist hold on the young Ministry of Education, founded in 1954 under his predecessor and half-brother, King Saud.}}</ref> The Muslim Brotherhood's brand of Islam and Islamic politics differs from the [[Salafism|Salafi]] creed called [[Wahhabi]]yya, officially held by the state of Saudi Arabia, and MB members "obeyed orders of the ruling family and ''[[ulama]]'' to not attempt to proselytize or otherwise get involved in religious doctrinal matters within the Kingdom. Nonetheless, the group "methodically ... took control of Saudi Arabia's intellectual life" by publishing books and participating in discussion circles and salons held by princes.<ref name=Kepel-war>{{cite book|last=Kepel|first=Gilles|title=The War for Muslim Minds: Islam and the West|date=2006|publisher=Belknap Press|pages=173–74}}</ref> Although the organization had no "formal organizational presence" in the Kingdom,<ref>{{cite web|title=The Muslim Brotherhood in Saudi Arabia (comments by Thomas Hegghammer)|date=8 July 2008|url=http://www.globalmbwatch.com/2008/07/08/the-muslim-brotherhood-in-saudi-arabia/|publisher=GlobalMB|access-date=17 April 2014|archive-date=19 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419014241/http://www.globalmbwatch.com/2008/07/08/the-muslim-brotherhood-in-saudi-arabia/|url-status=live}}</ref> (no political groups or parties are allowed to operate openly)<ref name=Dreyfuss /> MB members became "entrenched both in Saudi society and in the Saudi state, taking a leading role in key governmental ministries".<ref name=Lacroix /> In particular, many established themselves in Saudi educational system. One expert on Saudi affairs (Stephane Lacroix) has stated: "The education system is so controlled by the Muslim Brotherhood, it will take 20 years to change—if at all. Islamists see education as their base" in Saudi Arabia.<ref>{{cite book|last=House|first=Karen Elliott|author-link=Karen Elliott House|title=On Saudi Arabia: Its People, past, Religion, Fault Lines and Future|publisher=Knopf|year=2012|page=156}}</ref>

Relations between the Saudi ruling family and the Brotherhood became strained with Saudi opposition to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait and the willingness of Saudi government to allow US troops to be based in the Kingdom to fight Iraq.<ref name=Lacroix /> The Brotherhood supported the ''[[Sahwa movement|Sahwah]]'' ("Awakening") movement that pushed for political change in the Kingdom.<ref name=McCants>{{cite magazine|last=McCants|first=William|title=Islamist Outlaws|magazine=Foreign Affairs|date=17 March 2014|url=http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/141038/william-mccants/islamist-outlaws|access-date=19 April 2014|archive-date=14 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114021300/https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/141038/william-mccants/islamist-outlaws|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2002, the then Saudi Interior Minister [[Nayef bin Abdulaziz Al Saud|Prince Nayef]] denounced the Brotherhood, saying it was guilty of "betrayal of pledges and ingratitude" and was "the source of all problems in the Islamic world".<ref name="WashingtonPost-Diverse" /> The ruling family was also alarmed by the [[Arab Spring]] and the example set by the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt, with president [[Mohamed Morsi]] bringing an Islamist government to power by means of popular revolution and elections.<ref name=Katulis>{{cite book|title=The Paths of the Arab Spring|publisher=World Politics Review|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jNp5-MTGDOMC&pg=PT70|author=Brian Katulis|chapter=Qatar Saudi Arabia Diverge in Battle to Shape Changing Middle East|date=4 June 2013|isbn=9781939907110}}</ref> [[Sahwa movement|Sahwa]] figures published petitions for reform addressed to the royal government (in violation of Wahhabi [[Political quietism in Islam|quietist]] doctrine). After the overthrow of the Morsi government in Egypt, all the major Sahwa figures signed petitions and statements denouncing the removal of Morsi and the Saudi government support for it.<ref name=Lacroix/>

In March 2014, in a "significant departure from its past official stance" the Saudi government declared the Brotherhood a "terrorist organization", followed with a royal decree announced that, from now on,

<blockquote>belonging to intellectual or religious trends or groups that are extremist or categorized as terrorist at the local, regional or international level, as well supporting them, or showing sympathy for their ideas and methods in whichever way, or expressing support for them through whichever means, or offering them financial or moral support, or inciting others to do any of this or promoting any such actions in word or writing</blockquote>

will be punished by a prison sentence "of no less than three years and no more than twenty years".<ref name=Lacroix>{{cite news|last=Lacroix|first=Stéphane|title=Saudi Arabia's Muslim Brotherhood predicament|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/monkey-cage/wp/2014/03/20/saudi-arabias-muslim-brotherhood-predicament/|access-date=20 March 2014|newspaper=The Washington Post|archive-date=21 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140321023613/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/monkey-cage/wp/2014/03/20/saudi-arabias-muslim-brotherhood-predicament/|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Syria====
{{Main|Muslim Brotherhood in Syria}}
The Muslim Brotherhood in Syria was founded in the 1930s (according to lexicorient.com) or in 1945, a year before independence from France, (according to journalist [[Robin Wright (author)|Robin Wright]]). In the first decade or so of independence it was part of the legal opposition, and in the [[1961 Syrian parliamentary election|1961 parliamentary elections]] it won ten seats (5.8% of the house). But after the 1963 coup that brought the secular [[Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region|Ba'ath Party]] to power it was banned.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wright|first=Robin|title=Dreams and Shadows: the Future of the Middle East|publisher=Penguin Press|year=2008|page=241}}</ref> It played a major role in the mainly [[Sunni]]-based movement that opposed the [[secularism|secularist]], [[pan-Arabism|pan-Arabist]] Ba'ath Party. This conflict [[Islamist uprising in Syria|developed into an armed struggle]] that continued until culminating in the [[1982 Hama massacre|Hama uprising]] of 1982, when the rebellion was crushed by the military.<ref>{{cite web|author=Tore Kjeilen|url=http://lexicorient.com/e.o/mus_br_syria.htm|title=Muslim Brotherhood of Syria|publisher=Looklex encyclopedia|date=20 September 2000|access-date=28 November 2012|archive-date=13 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413155140/http://lexicorient.com/e.o/mus_br_syria.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Membership in the Syrian Brotherhood became a [[capital punishment|capital offense]] in Syria in 1980 (under Emergency Law 49, which was revoked in 2011), but the headquarters of the Muslim Brotherhood-linked Palestinian group, [[Hamas]], was located in the Syria's capital Damascus, where it was given Syrian government support. This has been cited as an example of the lack of international centralization or even coordination of the Muslim Brotherhood.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wright|first=Robin|title=Dreams and Shadows: the Future of the Middle East|publisher=Penguin Press|year=2008|page=248}}</ref>

The Brotherhood is said to have "resurrected itself" and become the "dominant group" in the opposition by 2012 during the [[Syrian Civil War]] according to the ''[[Washington Post]]'' newspaper.<ref name=nyt05122012>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/syrias-muslim-brotherhood-is-gaining-influence-over-anti-assad-revolt/2012/05/12/gIQAtIoJLU_story.html|title=Syria's Muslim Brotherhood is gaining influence over anti-Assad revolt|last=Sly|first=Liz|author-link=Liz Sly|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=12 May 2012|access-date=5 September 2017|archive-date=9 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171209191311/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/syrias-muslim-brotherhood-is-gaining-influence-over-anti-assad-revolt/2012/05/12/gIQAtIoJLU_story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> But by 2013 another source described it as having "virtually no influence on the conflict".<ref name=Ibish3-syrian>{{cite web|last=Ibish|first=Hussein|title=Is this the end of the failed Muslim Brotherhood project?|url=http://www.thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/comment/is-this-the-end-of-the-failed-muslim-brotherhood-project|date=5 October 2013|work=The National|access-date=8 October 2013|quote=The Syrian Brotherhood was the most influential political force in the opposition after the uprising against the Damascus dictatorship began. But now they seem to have virtually no influence on the conflict or its likely outcome.|archive-date=16 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170416052905/http://www.thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/comment/is-this-the-end-of-the-failed-muslim-brotherhood-project|url-status=live}}</ref> Syrian President [[Bashar al-Assad]] welcomed the fall of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt and remarked that "Arab identity is back on the right track after the fall from power of Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood, which had used religion for its own political gain".<ref>{{cite web|last=Horovitz|first=David|date=11 July 2013|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/assad-applauds-fall-of-egypts-muslim-brotherhood/|title=Assad applauds fall of Egypt|publisher=The Times of Israel|access-date=11 July 2013|archive-date=16 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130716174758/http://www.timesofisrael.com/assad-applauds-fall-of-egypts-muslim-brotherhood/|url-status=live}}</ref>

====United Arab Emirates====
{{Further|Al Islah (United Arab Emirates)}}

Muslim Brotherhood presence in the United Arab Emirates began with the formation of the [[Al Islah (United Arab Emirates)|Al Islah]] group in the United Arab Emirates in 1974 with the approval of Sheikh [[Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum]].<ref name="reuters">{{cite news|last=Kasolowsky|first=Raissa|title=UAE Islamists had military wing, planned Islamic state – papers|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/oukwd-uk-uae-islamists-idAFBRE88J0PN20120920|access-date=20 November 2012|work=Reuters|date=20 September 2012|archive-date=30 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130630034855/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/09/20/oukwd-uk-uae-islamists-idAFBRE88J0PN20120920|url-status=live}}</ref>

Al Islah in the UAE has openly stated that it shares ideology with the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt.<ref name="news.yahoo">{{cite news|title=Gulf states must tackle Muslim Brotherhood threat: UAE|url=https://news.yahoo.com/gulf-states-must-tackle-muslim-brotherhood-threat-uae-164546200.html|access-date=20 November 2012|publisher=Yahoo News|date=8 October 2012|archive-date=11 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011063512/http://news.yahoo.com/gulf-states-must-tackle-muslim-brotherhood-threat-uae-164546200.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Al Islah has criticized the UAE for the country's [[religious tolerance]] and presence of community Christian [[church (building)|churches]] in the UAE.<ref>{{cite news|last=Gargash|first=Anwar|title=Amid challenges, UAE policies engage gradual reforms|url=http://www.thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/comment/amid-challenges-uae-policies-engage-gradual-reforms|access-date=20 November 2012|newspaper=The National|date=26 August 2012|archive-date=30 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030100838/http://www.thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/comment/amid-challenges-uae-policies-engage-gradual-reforms|url-status=live}}</ref> Since its formation, its members have sought to impose control on state social issues, such as promoting several measures limiting the [[rights of women]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Salem|first=Ola|title=Islah 'does not represent UAE interests'|url=http://www.thenational.ae/news/uae-news/islah-does-not-represent-uae-interests|access-date=20 November 2012|newspaper=The National|date=5 October 2012|archive-date=23 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121123024257/http://www.thenational.ae/news/uae-news/islah-does-not-represent-uae-interests|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Forstenlechner|first=Ingo|title=The UAE, The "Arab Spring" and Different Types of Dissent|journal=Middle East Policy|date=Winter 2012|volume=19|issue=XIX|pages=54–64|doi=10.1111/j.1475-4967.2012.00559.x}}</ref> Emirati Al Islah member Tharwat Kherbawi said the Muslim Brotherhood finds the present UAE government to be an "impediment", and the country itself to be a "treasure and a crucial strategic and economic prize".<ref name="IBISH">{{cite news|last=Ibish|first=Hussein|title=Is the Muslim Brotherhood targeting the UAE?|url=https://now.mmedia.me/lb/en/commentaryanalysis/is_the_muslim_brotherhood_targeting_the_uae|access-date=24 January 2013|newspaper=NOW|date=8 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116153821/https://now.mmedia.me/lb/en/commentaryanalysis/is_the_muslim_brotherhood_targeting_the_uae|archive-date=16 January 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Al Islah was reported to have been secretly forming a military wing that has sought to recruit retired [[military officers]] and young [[Emiratis]] and is alleged to have plotted the overthrow of the current government and the establishment of an [[Islamist]] state in the UAE.<ref name="reuters" /><ref>{{cite news|title=Brotherhood 'sought Islamist state in UAE'|url=http://www.thenational.ae/news/uae-news/brotherhood-sought-islamist-state-in-uae|access-date=20 November 2012|date=21 September 2012|archive-date=22 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022094439/http://www.thenational.ae/news/uae-news/brotherhood-sought-islamist-state-in-uae|url-status=live}}</ref>

In March 2013, a trial began in [[Abu Dhabi]] for 94 individuals linked to Al Islah for an attempted coup on the government.<ref>{{cite web|title=UAE coup plot trial begins in Abu Dhabi|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2013/03/20133472546866175.html|publisher=Al Jazeera|access-date=5 March 2013|archive-date=5 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130305140502/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2013/03/20133472546866175.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Of the 94, 56 suspects received prison sentences ranging between three and ten years. Eight suspects were sentenced in absentia to 15 years in jail and 26 were acquitted.<ref>{{cite news|last=Bayoumy|first=Yara|title=UAE court jails scores of Emiratis in coup plot trial: TV|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-emirates-trial-idUSBRE96105M20130702|access-date=4 July 2013|work=Reuters|date=2 July 2013|archive-date=6 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130706020534/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/07/02/us-emirates-trial-idUSBRE96105M20130702|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 7 March 2014, the Muslim Brotherhood was designated as a terrorist group by the UAE government.<ref name="Alaa Shahine and Glen Carey, Bloomberg News" />

====Yemen====
{{Further|Al-Islah (Yemen)}}
The Muslim Brothers fought with North Yemen in the NDF rebellion as Islamic Front.
The Muslim Brotherhood is the political arm of the [[Yemeni Congregation for Reform]], commonly known as [[Al-Islah (Yemen)|Al-Islah]]. Former President [[Ali Abdullah Saleh]] made substantial efforts to entrench the accusations of being in league with Al Qaeda.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2095702,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930000655/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2095702,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 September 2011|title=Yemen's President Saleh Speaks: The Interview Transcript|magazine=Time|date=29 September 2011|access-date=11 November 2012}}</ref>

The Treasury Department of the US used the label "Bin Laden loyalist" for [[Abdul Majeed al-Zindani]], the Yemeni Muslim Brotherhood's leader.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.lawfaremedia.org/article/why-united-states-should-be-circumspect-british-about-muslim-brotherhood |title=Why the United States Should Be as Circumspect as the British about the Muslim Brotherhood |last=Vidino |first=Lorenzo |date=12 February 2017 |website=Lawfare |access-date=16 January 2024 |archive-date=13 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240113131618/https://www.lawfaremedia.org/article/why-united-states-should-be-circumspect-british-about-muslim-brotherhood |url-status=live }}</ref>