Editing Modern Orthodox Judaism (section)

===Religious Zionism===
Broadly defined, [[Religious Zionism]] is a movement that embraces the idea of Jewish national [[sovereignty]], often in connection with the belief in the ability of the Jewish people to bring about a [[Jewish eschatology|redemptive state]] through natural means, and often attributing religious significance to the modern [[State of Israel]]. The spiritual thinkers who started this stream of thought include Rabbi [[Zvi Hirsch Kalischer]] (1795–1874) and Rabbi [[Yitzchak Yaacov Reines]] (1839–1915). <!-- (This attitude is rejected by most Haredim—but not all, particularly the [[Hardal]] movement.) --> Thus, in this sense, Religious Zionism in fact encompasses a wide spectrum of religious views including Modern Orthodoxy.

Note, however, that Modern Orthodoxy, in fact, overlaps to a large extent with [[Mizrachi (religious Zionism)|"Religious Zionism" in its narrower form]] ("Throughout the world, a 'religious Zionist day school' is a synonym for a 'modern Orthodox day school'"<ref name="mizrachi.org">{{Citation |first=Rav Yosef |last=Blau |url=http://www.mizrachi.org/ideas/view.asp?id=122 |title=Religious Zionism And Modern Orthodoxy |publisher=Mizrachi |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041216072651/http://www.mizrachi.org/ideas/view.asp?id=122 |archive-date=2004-12-16}}.</ref>). At the least, the two are not in any direct conflict, and generally coexist,<ref name="Liebman2" /> sharing both values and adherents. Further, in practice, except at their extremes, the differences between Religious Zionism and Modern Orthodoxy in Israel are not pronounced, and they are often identical, especially in recent years and for the younger generation.<ref name="autogenerated2">{{Citation|first=Shlomo |last=Fischer |url=http://www.vanleer.org.il/Data/UploadedFiles/Files/fundamentalis.doc |title=Fundamentalist or Romantic Nationalist?: Israeli Modern Orthodoxy |publisher=Van Leer |place=[[Israel|IL]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926234137/http://www.vanleer.org.il/Data/UploadedFiles/Files/fundamentalis.doc |archive-date=2007-09-26}}.</ref>

Nevertheless, the two movements are philosophically distinct on two broad counts.

* Firstly, ([[Chardal|the more conservative]]) Religious Zionists differ with Modern Orthodoxy in its approach to secular knowledge.<ref>{{Citation |first=Ami |last=Isseroff |url=http://www.zionism-israel.com/ezine/religious_zionism.htm |title=Religious Zionism Revisits the State of Israel |publisher=Zionism Israel}}.</ref> Here, engagement with the secular is permissible, and encouraged, but only insofar as this benefits the [[State of Israel]]; secular knowledge (or, at the least, an extensive secular education) is viewed as valuable for practical ends, though not in and of itself. See [[Torah Umadda#Religious Zionism|further under ''Torah Umadda'']].
* Secondly, under Religious Zionism, a "nationalistic coloration" is given to traditional religious concepts, whereas, by contrast, Modern Orthodoxy includes "a greater balance which includes openness to the non-Jewish world";<ref name="mizrachi.org" /> thus, under Religious Zionism, the Jewish nation is conceived of as an "organic unity", whereas Modern Orthodoxy emphasises the individual.<ref name="autogenerated2" />

Applying the above distinction, in [[Israel]] today, Modern Orthodoxy—as distinct from (right-wing) Religious Zionism—is represented by only a select group of institutions: the [[Religious Kibbutz Movement]], [[Ne'emanei Torah Va'Avodah]],<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.toravoda.org.il/ |title=Tora Voda |place=IL}}.</ref> the [[Meimad]] political party, and the [[Shalom Hartman Institute]], [[Yeshivat Har Etzion]] / [[Migdal Oz (seminary)|Migdal Oz]] and [[Yeshivat Hamivtar]]/[[Ohr Torah Stone Institutions]]/[[Midreshet Lindenbaum]] (some would include [[Yeshivat Hesder Petach Tikva]], [[Yeshivat Ma'ale Gilboa]], and the [[Tzohar Foundation]]<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.tzohar.org.il/english/ |title=Tzohar |place=IL}}.</ref>).