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=== Antinatalism and human extinction === {{quote box|align=right|width=25em|quote=Humanity is a moral disaster. There would have been much less destruction had we never evolved. The fewer humans there are in the future, the less destruction there will still be.|source=β[[David Benatar]], "The Misanthropic Argument for Anti-natalism"{{sfn|Benatar|2015|p=55}}}} [[Antinatalism]] is the view that coming into existence is bad and that humans have a duty to abstain from procreation.{{sfn|Metz|2012|pp=[https://philpapers.org/rec/METAFD 1β9]}}{{sfn|Benatar|2015|pp=34β35}} A central argument for antinatalism is called the misanthropic argument. It sees the deep flaws of humans and their tendency to cause harm as a reason for avoiding the creation of more humans.{{sfn|Benatar|2015|pp=55β56}}{{sfn|Benatar|2015a}} These harms include [[war]]s, [[genocide]]s, factory farming, and [[Human impact on the environment|damages done to the environment]].{{sfn|May|2018}}{{sfn|Benatar|2015|pp=39, 44, 48}} This argument contrasts with philanthropic arguments, which focus on the future suffering of the human about to come into existence. They argue that the only way to avoid their future suffering is to prevent them from being born.{{sfn|Benatar|2015|pp=55β56}}{{sfn|Benatar|2015a}}{{sfn|Svoboda|2022|p=14}} The [[Voluntary Human Extinction Movement]] and the [[Church of Euthanasia]] are well-known examples of social movements in favor of antinatalism and [[human extinction]].{{sfn|Stibbe|2015|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=crjlCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA13 13]}}{{sfn|MacCormack|2020|p=143}} Antinatalism is commonly endorsed by misanthropic thinkers.{{sfn|Svoboda|2022|p=14}} However, there are numerous other ways that could lead to the involuntary extinction of the human species, with various suggestions having been made about threats to the long-term survival of the human species, including nuclear wars, [[self-replicating]] [[nanorobot]]s, or super-[[pathogen]]s.{{sfn|Bostrom|2003|loc=[https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/extinction-human Extinction, Human]}}{{sfn|Leslie|1998|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=books&pg=PA25 25β26]}}{{sfn|Gordijn|Cutter|2013|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Q0u6BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA123 123]}} While such cases can be seen as terrible scenarios for all life, misanthropes may instead interpret them as reasons for hope that the dominance of humanity in history will eventually come to an end.{{sfn|Svoboda|2022|p=107}} A similar sentiment is expressed by [[Bertrand Russell]]. He states in relation to the existence of human life on earth and its misdeeds that they are "a passing nightmare; in time the earth will become again incapable of supporting life, and peace will return."{{sfn|Svoboda|2022|pp=107β108}}
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