Editing Miranda v. Arizona (section)

===Effect on law enforcement===

''Miranda''{{'}}s impact on law enforcement remains in dispute. Many legal scholars believe that police have adjusted their practices in response to ''Miranda'' and that its mandates have not hampered police investigations.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Duke |first1=Steven B. |title=Does Miranda Protect the Innocent or the Guilty? |journal=Chapman Law Review |date=2007 |volume=10 |issue=3 |page=551 |url=https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1112&context=chapman-law-review |access-date=14 January 2020}}</ref>  Others argue that the ''Miranda'' rule has resulted in a lower rate of conviction,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cassell |first1=Paul G. |title=Miranda's Social Costs: An Empirical Reassessment |journal=Northwestern University Law Review |date=19 August 2011 |volume=90 |issue=2 |url=https://ssrn.com/abstract=1912114 |access-date=14 January 2020}}</ref> with a possible reduction in the rate of confessions of between four and sixteen percent.<ref>{{cite book |title=Fairness and effectiveness in policing : the evidence |date=2004 |publisher=National Academies Press |isbn=0309084334 |url=https://www.google.com/search?tbm=bks&hl=en&q=0309084334}}</ref> Some scholars argue that Miranda warnings have reduced the rate at which the police solve crimes,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cassell |first1=Paul G. |last2=Fowles |first2=Richard |title=Still Handcuffing the Cops: A Review of Fifty Years of Empirical Evidence of Miranda's Harmful Effects on Law Enforcement |journal=Brigham Young Law Review |date=2017 |volume=97 |page=685 |url=https://ssrn.com/abstract=3000098 |access-date=14 January 2020}}</ref> while others question their methodology and conclusions.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Alschuler |first1=Albert W. |title=Miranda's Fourfold Failure |journal=Boston Law Review |date=2017 |volume=97 |page=649 |url=https://ssrn.com/abstract=2969143 |access-date=14 January 2020}}</ref>