Editing Milwaukee (section)

===Racial and ethnic groups===
[[File:Ethnic Origins in Milwaukee.png|thumb|Ethnic origins in Milwaukee]]
[[File:Race and ethnicity 2010- Milwaukee (5559895075).png|thumb|Map of racial distribution in Milwaukee, 2010 U.S. Census. Each dot is 25 people: {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ff0000|White}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#0000ff|Black}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#00ffaa|Asian}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ffa600|Hispanic}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ffff07|Other}}]]

{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible"; text-align:right; font-size:80%;
|+ Racial and ethnic composition as of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]]<ref name="2020-census-5553000-P2">{{cite web|title=Hispanic or Latino or Not Hispanic or Latino By Race: Milwaukee city, Wisconsin|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US5553000&y=2020&d=DEC%20Redistricting%20Data%20%28PL%2094-171%29&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|website=data.census.gov|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=October 10, 2022}}</ref>
|-
! Race or Ethnicity<br /> ''(NH = Non-Hispanic)''
! colspan="2" data-sort-type=number |Race Alone
! colspan="2" data-sort-type=number |Total{{efn-ua|The total for each race includes those who reported that race alone or in combination with other races. People who reported a combination of multiple races may be counted multiple times, so the sum of all percentages will exceed 100%.}}
|-
| [[African Americans|Black or African American]] (NH)
|aline=right| {{bartable|37.8|%|2||background:mediumblue}}
|aline=right| {{bartable|40.1|%|2||background:mediumblue}}
|-
| [[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] (NH)
|aline=right| {{bartable|32.3|%|2||background:gray}}
|aline=right| {{bartable|35.4|%|2||background:gray}}
|-
| [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]]{{efn-ua|Hispanic and Latino origins are separate from race in the U.S. Census. The Census does not distinguish between Latino origins alone or in combination. This row counts Hispanics and Latinos of any race.}}
|aline=right| {{bartable}}
|aline=right| {{bartable|20.1|%|2||background:green}}
|-
| [[Asian Americans|Asian]] (NH)
|aline=right| {{bartable|5.2|%|2||background:purple}}
|aline=right| {{bartable|5.8|%|2||background:purple}}
|-
| [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] (NH)
|aline=right| {{bartable|0.4|%|2||background:gold}}
|aline=right| {{bartable|1.4|%|2||background:gold}}
|-
| [[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] (NH)
|aline=right| {{bartable|0.03|%|2||background:pink}}
|aline=right| {{bartable|0.10|%|2||background:pink}}
|-
| Other
|aline=right| {{bartable|0.5|%|2||background:brown}}
|aline=right| {{bartable|1.0|%|2||background:brown}}
|}

According to the 2010 Census, 44.8% of the population was White (37.0% [[non-Hispanic white]]), 40.0% was Black or African American, 0.8% American Indian and Alaska Native, 3.5% Asian, 3.4% from two or more races. 17.3% of Milwaukee's population was of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin (they may be of any race) (11.7% Mexican, 4.1% Puerto Rican).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/55/5553000.html|title=Milwaukee (city) QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau|publisher=Quickfacts.census.gov|access-date=September 10, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140207151149/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/55/5553000.html|archive-date=February 7, 2014}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size: 90%;"
|-
! Racial composition !! 2020 !! 2010 !! 2000 !! 1990 !! 1980
|-
| [[African American|Black or African American]] || 37.8% || 39.2% || 36.9% || 30.2% || 22.9%
|-
| [[White American|White (Non-Hispanic)]] || 32.3% || 37.0% || 45.5% || 60.8% || 71.4%
|-
| [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] || 20.1% || 17.3% || 12.0% || 6.3% || 4.2%
|-
| [[Asian American|Asian]] || 5.2% || 3.5% || 2.9% || 1.8% || 0.7%
|-
|[[Multiracial American|Mixed]] ||3.6%||2.2%
|}

According to the 2006–2008 American Community Survey, 38.3% of Milwaukee's residents reported having [[African American]] ancestry and 20.8% reported [[German American|German]] ancestry. Other significant population groups include [[Polish American|Polish]] (8.8%), [[Irish American|Irish]] (6.5%), [[Italian American|Italian]] (3.6%), [[English American|English]] (2.8%), and [[French American|French]] (1.7%). According to the 2010 United States census, the largest Hispanic backgrounds in Milwaukee as of 2010 were: Mexican (69,680), Puerto Rican (24,672), Other Hispanic or Latino (3,808), Central American (1,962), South American (1,299), Cuban (866) and Dominican (720).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_SF1_QTP10|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212214535/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_SF1_QTP10|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 12, 2020|title=American FactFinder – Results|author=Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS)|access-date=April 5, 2020}}</ref> Per the 2022 American Community Survey five-year estimates, the [[German American]] population was 87,601.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDT5Y2022.B04006?t=Ancestry&g=160XX00US5553000|title=B04006 People Reporting Ancestry 2022 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates – Milwaukee, Wisconsin|date=July 1, 2022|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]] |access-date=November 17, 2024}}</ref> Per the 2023 American Community Survey one-year estimates, the [[Mexican American]] population was 82,845, comprising over 60% of the city's Latino population.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDT1Y2023.B03001?q=B03001&g=160XX00US5553000|title=B03001 Hispanic or Latino Origin by Specific Origin – 2022 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates – Milwaukee, Wisconsin |date=July 1, 2022 |publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]] |access-date=December 10, 2024}}</ref>

The [[Milwaukee metropolitan area]] was cited as being the most segregated in the U.S. in a ''Jet Magazine'' article in 2002.<ref name="hypersegregation">{{cite news|url=http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1355/is_26_102/ai_95632042|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013223726/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1355/is_26_102/ai_95632042|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 13, 2007|publisher=Jet magazine|title=Milwaukee is most segregated city: U.S. Census analysis|date=December 16, 2002}}</ref> The source of this information was a segregation index developed in the mid-1950s and used since 1964. In 2003, a non-peer-reviewed study was conducted by hired researchers at the [[University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee]] which claimed Milwaukee is not "hypersegregated" and instead ranks as the 43rd most integrated city in America.<ref>{{cite news|last=Murphy|first=Bruce|title=Study explodes myth of area's 'hypersegregation'|url=http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=109872|date=January 12, 2003|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060712153014/http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=109872|archive-date=July 12, 2006|newspaper=[[Milwaukee Journal Sentinel]]|access-date=February 28, 2022}}</ref> According to research by demographer [[William H. Frey]] using the [[index of dissimilarity]] method and data from the [[2010 United States Census]], Milwaukee has the highest level of black-white segregation of any of the 100 largest metropolitan areas in the United States.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Frey|first1=William H.|title=Diversity Explosion: How New Racial Demographics Are Remaking America|date=2018|publisher=Brookings Institution Press|location=Washington, D.C.|isbn=978-0-8157-2398-1|page=177|edition=Second}}</ref> Through continued dialogue between Milwaukee's citizens, the city is trying to reduce racial tensions and the rate of segregation.<ref name="segregation">{{cite web|url=http://www.uwm.edu/Dept/CED/pdf/fairhousing.pdf|publisher=The Metropolitan Milwaukee Fair Housing Council|last=Levine|first=Marc V.|title=Citizens and MMFHC Respond to Milwaukee Journal Sentinel Article: Getting the Facts Right on Segregation in Milwaukee|work=Fair Housing Keys|date=May 2004}}</ref> With demographic changes in the wake of [[white flight]], segregation in metropolitan Milwaukee is primarily in the suburbs rather than the city as in the era of [[Father Groppi]].<ref name="integration">{{cite web|url=http://www.uwm.edu/Dept/ETI/integration/integration.htm|publisher=University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee Employment and Training Institute|last=Pawasarat|first=John|title=Racial Integration in Urban America: A Block Level Analysis of African American and White Housing Patterns|date=January 2003|access-date=March 8, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724014400/http://www.uwm.edu/Dept/ETI/integration/integration.htm|archive-date=July 24, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="QuinnCensus">{{cite web|url=http://www.uwm.edu/Dept/ETI/integration/QuinnCensus.pdf|publisher=University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee Employment and Training Institute|last=Quinn|first=Lois M.|title=Assumptions and Limitations of the Census Bureau Methodology Ranking Racial and Ethnic Residential Segregation in Cities and Metro Areas|date=October 2004|access-date=March 8, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010124806/http://www.uwm.edu/Dept/ETI/integration/QuinnCensus.pdf|archive-date=October 10, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2015, Milwaukee was rated as the "worst city for black Americans" based on disparities in employment and income levels.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.citylab.com/crime/2015/10/why-milwaukee-is-the-worst-place-to-live-for-african-americans/413218/|title=Why Milwaukee Is the Worst Place to Live for African Americans|newspaper=Bloomberg.com|date=October 30, 2015}}</ref> The city's black population experiences high levels of [[Incarceration in the United States|incarceration]] and a severe [[Achievement gap in the United States|educational achievement gap]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2015/03/05/390723644/why-is-milwaukee-so-bad-for-black-people|title=Why Is Milwaukee So Bad For Black People?|newspaper=NPR|date=March 5, 2015|last1=Downs|first1=Kenya}}</ref>

Per the 2022 [[American Community Survey]] five-year estimates, the [[Hmong American]] population was 11,469,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDT5Y2022.B02018?q=B02018&g=160XX00US5553000|title=B02018 Total Asian Alone or in Any Combination Population – 2022 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates – Milwaukee, Wisconsin|date=July 1, 2022|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]] |access-date=November 17, 2024}}</ref> numerically the largest Hmong population of any city in Wisconsin. In 2013, Mark Pfeifer, the editor of the ''[[Hmong Studies Journal]]'', stated [[Hmong people|Hmong]] in Milwaukee had recently been moving to the northwest side of Milwaukee; they historically lived in the north and south areas of Milwaukee.<ref name=Pabst>Pabst, Georgia. "[http://www.jsonline.com/news/milwaukee/report-shows-growth-in-hmong-community-a388pb6-185823661.html Report shows growth in Hmong community]". ''Milwaukee Journal Sentinel'', January 6, 2013. Retrieved March 2, 2014.</ref> The [[Hmong American Peace Academy]]/[[International Peace Academy (Milwaukee)|International Peace Academy]], a K–12 school system in Milwaukee centered on the [[Hmong in Wisconsin|Hmong community]], opened in 2004.<ref name=Pabst />

Polish people, Slavs, European Jews, people from the Mediterranean including Greeks, Italians, and Syrians immigrated to Milwaukee after 1880.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://emke.uwm.edu/entry/peoples/#:~:text=After+1880,+Milwaukee's+migrant+streams,Greeks,+Italians,+and+Syrians.|title=Peoples}}</ref>