Editing Milan, Tennessee (section)

==Milan Army Ammunition Plant==
In 1945, the Wolf Creek Ordinance Plant and the Milan Ordance Depot combined to become the Milan Arsenal, renamed the Milan Army Ammunition Plant in the 1960s.  The combined facility included 88 miles of railroad track and 231 miles of roadway across a {{convert|36|sqmi|km2}} tract of land.<ref name="MAAP Hist" />

In 2008, American Ordnance, the private contractor operating the plant, began the process of moving operations to [[Iowa]] and commercializing the Milan Army Ammunition Plant.  By March 2013, employment had fallen to 110.<ref>{{cite news |title=Final arsenal layoff... |pages=1, 2 |last=Parkins |first=Victor |newspaper=Milan Mirror Exchange |date=March 12, 2013}}</ref>

The Milan Army Ammunition Plant is nicknamed "Bullet Town" by locals.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://speaktopower.org/2010/06/milan-would-be-devastated/ |title=Milan Would Be Devastated |publisher=SpeakToPower.org |access-date=July 4, 2013}}</ref>

===Attributed population growth===
The Milan Army Ammunition Plant employed over 10,000 during [[World War II]], dropping to 1,500 in 1947.  Employment rose again to over 8,000 during the [[Korean War]] before falling to less than 500 in 1959.  By 1968, employment had risen again to 7,000.  During the period 1940{{ndash}}1971 the population of Milan had increased from 3,000 to 7,000.  The growth was largely attributed to the Milan Army Ammunition Plant.<ref name="MAAP Hist" />

In a 1944 article, the ''[[Saturday Evening Post]]'', in discussing the boom created by the Milan Arsenal during World War II, predicted Milan would become a "[[ghost town]]" when the war was over.{{Citation needed|date=July 2012}}

===National Priorities List inclusion===
In 1987, the [[Environmental Protection Agency]] (EPA) placed the Milan Army Ammunition Plant on the [[National Priorities List]].  [[Contamination]] of the city's [[groundwater]] in the Memphis Sand Aquifer of 2,4,6-[[trinitrotoluene]] (TNT) and [[RDX]] was of particular concern.<ref name="epa">{{cite web|url=http://www.epa.gov/region4/superfund/sites/fedfacs/miarmyamotn.html |title=Milan Army Ammunition Plant |publisher=EPA.gov |access-date=July 4, 2013}}</ref>

In 1989, the EPA, United States Army and [[Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation]] (TDEC) signed a Federal Facilities Agreement (FFA) for the site. The FFA ensures that the parties would fully investigate [[Environment (biophysical)|environmental]] impacts associated with past and present activities at the installation and complete appropriate cleanup actions through established schedules and enforceable milestones.<ref name="epa" />

In the early 1990s, the United States Army financed the relocation of the city's drinking water well field.  The United States Army implemented institutional controls to prohibit groundwater use in contaminated areas.<ref name="epa" /><ref name="army cleanup">{{cite web |url=http://aec.army.mil/usaec/cleanup/TN-Milan.pdf |title=Army Defense Environmental Restoration Program - Installation Action Plan FY2012 |publisher=Army.mil |access-date=July 4, 2013 }}{{dead link|date=April 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

In 2010, the third Five-Year Review found that the cleanup activities were protecting people and the environment.<ref name="epa" />

In 2013, the United States Army submitted its Site-wide Feasibility Study to the EPA for approval.<ref name="ME cleanup">{{cite news |title=Milestones reached in arsenal groundwater restoration |page=5 |last=Short |first=Steve |newspaper=Milan Mirror Exchange |date=June 14, 2013}}</ref>  The cleanup of affected soil was completed leaving the cleanup and long-term care of the groundwater contamination [[Plume (hydrodynamics)|plume]].  The [[velocity|velocities]] of the plume vary, but the direction is primarily North towards the Rutherford Fork of the [[Obion River]] and from the Northwest boundary towards the city.<ref name="epa" /><ref name="army cleanup" /><ref name="ME cleanup" />

The long-term care of the groundwater contamination plume is expected to last through 2075 when contamination is expected to be below the EPA required two [[parts-per notation|parts per billion]].<ref name="ME cleanup" />