Editing Michigan (section)

==Economy==
{{See also|List of companies based in Michigan|Economy of metropolitan Detroit|Michigan locations by per capita income}}

{{Publicly traded companies in Michigan}}

[[File:Ambassador_Bridge_and_a_fragment_of_Windsor.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Ambassador Bridge]], a [[suspension bridge]] that connects Detroit with [[Windsor, Ontario]], in Canada. It is the busiest international border crossing in North America in terms of trade volume.]]
[[File:Headquarters of GM in Detroit.jpg|thumb|left|Michigan is the center of the [[American automotive industry]]. The Renaissance Center in [[Downtown Detroit]] is the world headquarters of [[General Motors]].]]
[[File:Ford Dearborn Development Center (Proving Grounds), Dearborn, Michigan (14200507431).jpg|thumb|left|[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] Dearborn Proving Ground (DPG) completed major reconstruction and renovations in 2006.]]

In 2022, 3,939,076 people in Michigan were employed at 227,870 establishments, according to the [[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/MI/PST045224|accessdate=January 5, 2025|title= United States Census Quick Facts Michigan}}</ref>

The [[Bureau of Economic Analysis|U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis]] estimated Michigan's Q4 2024 [[List of U.S. states and territories by GDP|gross state product]] to be $719.392 billion, ranking 14th out of the 50 states.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gross Domestic Product by State and Personal Income by State, 4th Quarter 2024 -Tables Only |url=https://www.bea.gov/data/gdp/gdp-state|access-date=May 7, 2024 |website=Bureau of Economic Analysis |language=en}}</ref> According to the [[Bureau of Labor Statistics|U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics]], {{as of|2024|November|lc=y}}, the state's [[List of U.S. states by unemployment rate|seasonally adjusted unemployment rate]] was estimated at 4.8%.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.bls.gov/news.release/laus.nr0.htm|title = State Employment and Unemployment Summary |publisher = U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |access-date = January 5, 2024}}</ref>

Products and services include automobiles, food products, information technology, aerospace, military equipment, furniture, and mining of copper and iron ore.{{quantify|date=March 2020}}<!-- What % of the GDP and/or employment are each? --> Michigan is the third-largest grower of [[Christmas tree]]s with {{convert|60520|acre|km2|0}} of land dedicated to Christmas tree farming in 2007.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.nass.usda.gov/census/census02/volume1/us/st99_2_035_036.pdf |title = 2002 Census of Agriculture – State Data |page = 511 |publisher = USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081217015711/http://www.nass.usda.gov/census/census02/volume1/us/st99_2_035_036.pdf |archive-date = December 17, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.christmastree.org/statistics_industry.cfm#findings |title = National Christmas Tree Association: Industry Statistics |publisher = National Christmas Tree Association |access-date = July 25, 2010 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100616024429/http://christmastree.org/statistics_industry.cfm |archive-date = June 16, 2010}}</ref> The beverage [[Vernors Ginger Ale]] was invented in Michigan in 1866, sharing the title of oldest soft drink with [[Hires Root Beer]]. [[Faygo]] was founded in Detroit on November 4, 1907. Two of the top four pizza chains were founded in Michigan and are headquartered there: [[Domino's Pizza]] by [[Tom Monaghan]] and [[Little Caesars]] Pizza by [[Mike Ilitch]]. Michigan became the 24th [[Right-to-work law|right-to-work]] state in the U.S. in 2012, however, in 2023 this law was repealed.<ref>{{Cite web |last1 = Mikula |first1 = Christopher R. |last2 = Stuart |first2 = Eric C. |date = March 27, 2023 |title = Michigan Governor Signs Legislation Repealing Right-to-Work Law |url = https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/legal-and-compliance/state-and-local-updates/pages/michigan-law-right-to-work.aspx |publisher = Society for Human Resource Management |access-date = May 31, 2023 |archive-date = May 31, 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230531153425/https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/legal-and-compliance/state-and-local-updates/pages/michigan-law-right-to-work.aspx |url-status = dead }}</ref>

Since 2009, GM, Ford and Chrysler have managed a significant reorganization of their benefit funds structure after a volatile stock market which followed the [[September 11 attacks]] and [[early 2000s recession]] impacted their respective U.S. pension and benefit funds ([[OPEB]]).<ref>{{cite news |last = Sloan |first = Allan |date = April 10, 2007 |url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/04/09/AR2007040901262.html |title = GM's High-Performance Pension Machine |newspaper = [[The Washington Post]] |page = D02 |access-date = September 5, 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170525103845/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/04/09/AR2007040901262.html |archive-date = May 25, 2017 |url-status = live}}</ref> General Motors, Ford, and Chrysler reached agreements with the United Auto Workers Union to transfer the liabilities for their respective health care and benefit funds to a 501(c)(9) [[Voluntary Employee Beneficiary Association]] (VEBA). Manufacturing in the state grew 6.6% from 2001 to 2006,<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |publisher = National Association of Manufacturers |date = February 2008 |url = http://www.nam.org/~/media/Files/State_Data/Michigan.ashx |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081023020928/http://www.nam.org/~/media/Files/State_Data/Michigan.ashx |url-status = dead |archive-date = October 23, 2008 |title = Facts about Michigan Manufacturing |access-date = June 17, 2009}}</ref> but the high speculative price of oil became a factor for the U.S. auto industry during the [[Late-2000s recession|economic crisis of 2008]] impacting industry revenues. In 2009, GM and Chrysler emerged from [[Chapter 11]] restructurings with financing provided in part by the U.S. and Canadian governments.<ref name="Garrett">{{cite news |last = Garrett |first = Major |date = March 31, 2009 |url = https://www.foxnews.com/politics/white-house-plots-gm-bankruptcy-unsure-when-taxpayers-will-recoup-50-billion-investment/ |title = White House Plots GM Bankruptcy, Unsure When Taxpayers Will Recoup $50&nbsp;Billion Investment |publisher = Fox News |access-date = June 23, 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090608134754/http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2009/05/31/white-house-plots-gm-bankruptcy-unsure-taxpayers-recoup-billion-investment/ |archive-date = June 8, 2009 |url-status = live}}</ref><ref name="Stoll">{{cite news |last1 = Stoll |first1 = John D. |first2 = Neil Jr. |last2 = King |date = July 10, 2009 |url = https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB124722154897622577 |title = GM Emerges From Bankruptcy |work = The Wall Street Journal |access-date = July 10, 2009 |name-list-style = amp |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150123211849/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB124722154897622577 |archive-date = January 23, 2015 |url-status = live}}</ref> GM began its [[initial public offering]] (IPO) of stock in 2010.<ref name="IPO">{{cite news |last1 = Stoll |first1 = John D. |first2 = David |last2 = McLaughlin |date = July 2, 2009 |url = https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB124646098696280443 |title = General Motors Aims for IPO Next Year |work = The Wall Street Journal |access-date = July 10, 2009 |name-list-style = amp |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150123211343/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB124646098696280443 |archive-date = January 23, 2015 |url-status = live}}</ref> For 2010, the Big Three domestic automakers have reported significant profits indicating the beginning of rebound.<ref>{{cite news |last = Shoenberger |first = Robert |date = May 25, 2010 |url = http://www.cleveland.com/business/index.ssf/2010/05/rebounding_auto_industry_boost.html |title = Rebounding auto industry boosts Shiloh Industries' second-quarter sales, profit |work = Cleveland Plain Dealer |access-date = September 18, 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100911204857/http://www.cleveland.com/business/index.ssf/2010/05/rebounding_auto_industry_boost.html |archive-date = September 11, 2010 |url-status = live}}</ref><ref name="Schroeder">{{cite news |last = Schroeder |first = Robert |date = July 30, 2010 |url = http://www.marketwatch.com/story/obama-says-us-auto-industry-on-rebound-2010-07-30 |title = Obama says U.S. auto industry on rebound |work = The Wall Street Journal |access-date = September 9, 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100802055246/http://www.marketwatch.com/story/obama-says-us-auto-industry-on-rebound-2010-07-30 |archive-date = August 2, 2010 |url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url = https://money.cnn.com/2010/08/12/news/companies/gm_results/index.htm |title = GM posts profit, CEO Whitacre to retire |work = CNN Money |publisher = CNN |access-date = September 18, 2010 |first = Chris |last = Isidore |date = August 12, 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100914094523/http://money.cnn.com/2010/08/12/news/companies/gm_results/index.htm |archive-date = September 14, 2010 |url-status = live}}</ref><ref name="Cwiek">{{cite news |last = Cwiek |first = Sarah |date = November 30, 2010 |url = http://www.publicbroadcasting.net/michigan/news.newsmain/article/0/0/1731658/Michigan.Morning.Edition/New.study.shows.strong.economic.recovery.in.Metro.Detroit |title = New study shows strong economic recovery in Metro Detroit |publisher = NPR Michigan |access-date = December 4, 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110511073749/http://www.publicbroadcasting.net/michigan/news.newsmain/article/0/0/1731658/Michigan.Morning.Edition/New.study.shows.strong.economic.recovery.in.Metro.Detroit |archive-date = May 11, 2011 |url-status = dead}}</ref>

{{As of|2002}}, Michigan ranked fourth in the U.S. in high-tech employment with 568,000 high-tech workers, which includes 70,000 in the automotive industry.<ref name="MEDCHiTech">{{cite web |date = November 16, 2002 |first = Jennifer |last = Kopp-Owens |publisher = Michigan Economic Development Corporation |url = http://www.michiganadvantage.org/Press-Releases/Michigan-The-High-Technology-Automotive-State/ |title = Michigan: The High-Technology Automotive State |access-date = February 21, 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130110202105/http://www.michiganadvantage.org/Press-Releases/Michigan-The-High-Technology-Automotive-State/ |archive-date = January 10, 2013 |url-status = dead}}</ref> Michigan typically ranks third or fourth in overall [[research and development]] (R&D) expenditures in the United States.<ref name="MEDC1">{{cite web |publisher = Michigan Economic Development Corporation |year = 2009 |url = http://michiganadvantage.org/MIAdvantage/Getting-the-UpperHand/Default.aspx |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090321164030/http://michiganadvantage.org/MIAdvantage/Getting-the-UpperHand/Default.aspx |archive-date = March 21, 2009 |title = Michigan Advantage |access-date = June 23, 2009}}</ref><ref name="NSF">{{cite web |last = Bennof |first = Richard J. |publisher = National Science Foundation |id = 01-320 |date = March 23, 2001 |url = https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/databrf/nsf01320/sdb01320.htm |title = R&D Spending is Highly Concentrated in a Small Number of States |access-date = April 6, 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171013213616/https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/databrf/nsf01320/sdb01320.htm |archive-date = October 13, 2017 |url-status = live}}</ref> Its research and development, which includes automotive, comprises a higher percentage of the state's overall gross domestic product than for any other U.S. state.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.agiweb.org/gap/cvd/CVD04Michigan.pdf |title = Federal Scientific R&D in Michigan |access-date = November 5, 2011 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110724225809/http://www.agiweb.org/gap/cvd/CVD04Michigan.pdf |archive-date = July 24, 2011 |url-status = live}}</ref> The state is an important source of engineering job opportunities. The domestic auto industry accounts directly and indirectly for one of every ten jobs in the U.S.<ref>{{cite web |publisher = Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers (2006) |url = http://www.autoalliance.org/economic/ |title = From the 2003 Study "Contributions of the Automotive Industry to the U.S. Economy" University of Michigan and the Center for Automotive Research |access-date = January 3, 2009 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20040402045414/http://www.autoalliance.org/economic/ |archive-date = April 2, 2004}}</ref>

Michigan was second in the U.S. in 2004 for new corporate facilities and expansions. From 1997 to 2004, Michigan was the only state to top the 10,000 mark for the number of major new developments;<ref name="NAM" /><ref>{{cite press release |publisher = Michigan Economic Development Corporation |date = March 3, 2005 |url = http://www.globeinvestor.com/servlet/ArticleNews/print/PRNEWS/20050303/2005_03_03_12_0813_1322091 |title = Michigan#2 in the Nation for New Corporate Facilities and Expansions in 2004 |access-date = June 27, 2006 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927174401/http://www.globeinvestor.com/servlet/ArticleNews/print/PRNEWS/20050303/2005_03_03_12_0813_1322091 |archive-date = September 27, 2007 |url-status = dead}}</ref> however, the effects of the [[late 2000s recession]] have slowed the state's economy. In 2008, Michigan placed third in a site selection survey among the states for luring new business which measured capital investment and new job creation per one million population.<ref name="siteselection">{{cite journal |url = http://www.siteselection.com/issues/2009/may/Comp-Awards/ |title = King of the Hill: Top ten competitive states for 2008 |access-date = July 8, 2009 |journal = Site Selection Magazine |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090715214200/http://www.siteselection.com/issues/2009/may/Comp-Awards/ |archive-date = July 15, 2009 |url-status = live}}</ref> In August 2009, Michigan and Detroit's auto industry received $1.36 B in grants from the U.S. Department of Energy for the manufacture of electric vehicle technologies which is expected to generate 6,800 immediate jobs and employ 40,000 in the state by 2020.<ref name="priddle">{{cite news |last1 = Priddle |first1 = Alisa |first2 = David |last2 = Shepardson |date = August 6, 2009 |url = http://www.detnews.com/article/20090806/AUTO01/908060429/1148/auto01/Mich.+gets+$1.3B+battery+jolt |title = Mich. gets $1.3B battery jolt |work = The Detroit News |access-date = August 6, 2009 |name-list-style = amp}}{{dead link|date=December 2012}}</ref> From 2007 to 2009, Michigan ranked 3rd in the U.S. for new corporate facilities and expansions.<ref name="Lane">{{cite news |last = Lane |first = Amy |date = March 5, 2010 |url = http://www.crainsdetroit.com/article/20100305/BRIGHTSIDE/303059985 |title = Michigan retains 3rd-place ranking by Site Selection magazine |work = Crains Detroit Business |access-date = April 17, 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110708201114/http://www.crainsdetroit.com/article/20100305/BRIGHTSIDE/303059985 |archive-date = July 8, 2011 |url-status = live}}</ref><ref name="Medernach">{{cite journal |last1 = Medernach |first1 = Karen |first2 = Mike |last2 = O'Conner |date = March 2010 |url = http://www.siteselection.com/issues/2010/mar/cover/0709_NewCorpFacilities.pdf |title = 2007–2009 New Corporate Facilities and Expansions |journal = Site Selection Magazine |access-date = April 17, 2010 |name-list-style = amp |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110716075455/http://www.siteselection.com/issues/2010/mar/cover/0709_NewCorpFacilities.pdf |archive-date = July 16, 2011}}</ref>

[[File:Abandoned Packard Automobile Factory Detroit 200.jpg|thumb|The former [[Packard Automotive Plant]] in Detroit, one of the hardest hit cities in the [[Rust Belt]].]]
As leading research institutions, the University of Michigan, Michigan State University, and Wayne State University are important partners in the state's economy and its University Research Corridor.<ref name="University Research Corridor">{{cite web |title=University Research Corridor |url=http://www.urcmich.org |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724184741/http://urcmich.org/ |archive-date=July 24, 2010 |access-date=July 25, 2010 |publisher=Urcmich.org}}</ref> Michigan's public universities attract more than $1.5 B in research and development grants each year.<ref name="Bruns">{{cite journal |last=Bruns |first=Adam |date=January 2009 |title=How Are You Helping Companies Grow? |url=http://www.siteselection.com/features/2009/jan/Michigan/ |url-status=live |journal=Site Selection Magazine |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090412011739/http://www.siteselection.com/features/2009/jan/Michigan/ |archive-date=April 12, 2009 |access-date=December 27, 2009}}</ref> The [[National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory]] is at Michigan State University. Michigan's workforce is well-educated and highly skilled, making it attractive to companies. It has the third highest number of engineering graduates nationally.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.dteenergy.com/dteEnergyCompany/economicDevelopment/whyMichigan.html |title = Economic development: Why Michigan |publisher = DTE |access-date = December 27, 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100116043438/http://www.dteenergy.com/dteEnergyCompany/economicDevelopment/whyMichigan.html |archive-date = January 16, 2010 |url-status = live}}</ref>

[[Detroit Metropolitan Airport]] is one of the nation's most recently expanded and modernized airports with six major runways, and large aircraft maintenance facilities capable of servicing and repairing a [[Boeing 747]] and is a major hub for [[Delta Air Lines]]. Michigan's schools and colleges rank among the nation's best. The state has maintained its early commitment to public education. The state's infrastructure gives it a competitive edge; Michigan has 38 [[deep-water port|deep water ports]].<ref>{{cite web |publisher = Michigan Economic Development Corporation |year = 2006 |url = http://www.michigan.org/medc/miinfo/mimaps/combo.asp?ContentId=DD3B9F9F-FB6D-481B-B2F3-72491F7B6054&QueueId=1&ContentTypeId=10019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060421094648/http://www.michigan.org/medc/miinfo/mimaps/combo.asp?ContentId=DD3B9F9F-FB6D-481B-B2F3-72491F7B6054&QueueId=1&ContentTypeId=10019 |url-status = dead |archive-date = April 21, 2006 |title = Commercial Ports}}</ref> In 2007, Bank of America announced that it would commit $25&nbsp;billion to community development in Michigan following its acquisition of LaSalle Bank in [[Troy, Michigan|Troy]].<ref name="Bank">{{cite news |work = Crain's Detroit Business |date = October 4, 2007 |url = http://www.metromodemedia.com/innovationnews/bankofamerica3807.aspx |title = Bank of America commits $25&nbsp;billion for community development in Michigan |access-date = January 3, 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071110093317/http://www.metromodemedia.com/innovationnews/bankofamerica3807.aspx |archive-date = November 10, 2007 |url-status = dead}}</ref>

Michigan led the nation in job creation improvement in 2010.<ref>{{cite web |last = Headapohl |first = Jackie |title = Michigan led the nation in job creation improvement in 2010 |url = http://www.mlive.com/jobs/index.ssf/2011/02/michigan_led_the_nation_in_job_creation.html |website = MLive |publisher = [[Booth Newspapers]] |access-date = March 8, 2011 |date = February 28, 2011 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110307000347/http://www.mlive.com/jobs/index.ssf/2011/02/michigan_led_the_nation_in_job_creation.html |archive-date = March 7, 2011 |url-status = live}}</ref>

On December 20, 2019, Governor [[Gretchen Whitmer]] signed a package of bills into law effectively legalizing [[online gambling]] activities in Michigan, which allowed commercial and [[tribal casinos]] to apply for internet gaming licenses.<ref>{{Cite press release |title = Governor Whitmer Signs Bipartisan Legislation Legalizing Sports Betting in Michigan |url = https://www.michigan.gov/whitmer/news/press-releases/2019/12/20/signs-bipartisan-legislation-legalizing-sports-betting-in-michigan-revenue |date = December 20, 2019 |access-date = March 21, 2023 |publisher = Office of the Governor |language = en-US |archive-date = March 21, 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230321142245/https://www.michigan.gov/whitmer/news/press-releases/2019/12/20/signs-bipartisan-legislation-legalizing-sports-betting-in-michigan-revenue |url-status = live }}</ref>

===Taxation===

Michigan's personal [[income tax]] is a flat rate of 4.25%. In addition, 22&nbsp;cities impose income taxes; rates are set at 1% for residents and 0.5% for non-residents in all but four cities.<ref name="city-income-tax">{{cite web |url = http://www.michigan.gov/taxes/0,4676,7-238-43715-153955--F,00.html |title = Taxes – What cities impose an income tax? |publisher = Michigan Department of Treasury |access-date = June 28, 2012 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130526121226/http://www.michigan.gov/taxes/0,4676,7-238-43715-153955--F,00.html |archive-date = May 26, 2013 |url-status = live}}</ref> Michigan's state [[sales tax]] is 6%, though items such as food and medication are exempted. [[Property tax]]es are assessed on the local level, but every property owner's local assessment contributes six [[Mill (currency)|mills]] (a rate of $6 per $1000 of property value) to the statutory State Education Tax. Property taxes are appealable to local boards of review and need the approval of the local electorate to exceed millage rates prescribed by state law and local charters. In 2011, the state repealed its business tax and replaced it with a 6% corporate income tax which substantially reduced taxes on business.<ref>{{cite news |last = Luke |first = Peter |date = May 25, 2011 |url = http://www.mlive.com/politics/index.ssf/2011/05/gov_rick_snyder_signs_michigan.html |title = Gov. Rick Snyder signs Michigan business/income tax overhaul into law |work = Bridge Magazine |access-date = December 3, 2011 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111226130656/http://www.mlive.com/politics/index.ssf/2011/05/gov_rick_snyder_signs_michigan.html |archive-date = December 26, 2011 |url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last = Bell |first = Dawson |date = November 18, 2011 |url = http://www.lansingstatejournal.com/article/20111118/NEWS04/311180025/Michigan-Supreme-Court-hands-Gov-Rick-Snyder-victory-plan-tax-pensions |title = Michigan Supreme Court hands Gov. Rick Snyder a victory on plan to tax pensions |work = Lansing State Journal |access-date = December 3, 2011}}{{dead link|date=March 2017 |bot=Beta7 |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Article IX of the Constitution of the State of Michigan also provides limitations on how much the state can tax.

A 6% [[use tax]] is levied on goods purchased outside the state (that are brought in and used in state), at parity with the sales tax.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.michigan.gov/som/0,4669,7-192-41009-2226--,00.html |title = Find the difference between sales and use tax |publisher = State of Michigan |access-date = May 4, 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160427083540/https://www.michigan.gov/som/0,4669,7-192-41009-2226--,00.html |archive-date = April 27, 2016 |url-status = live}}</ref> The use tax applies to internet sales/purchases from outside Michigan and is equivalent to the sales tax.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.legislature.mi.gov/(S(dxwui1r43fufigas1nqi2rnr))/mileg.aspx?page=GetObject&objectname=mcl-Act-94-of-1937 |publisher = Michigan Legislature |title = Act 94 of 1937 |access-date = May 4, 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160505220436/http://www.legislature.mi.gov/(S(jqbdzetgaczaknsxmka4o5e5))/mileg.aspx?page=getObject&objectstate=mcl-Act-94-of-1937 |archive-date = May 5, 2016 |url-status = live}}</ref>

===Agriculture===
{{See also|Cherry production in Michigan}}

[[File:Michigan Cherries, 2009 July.jpg|thumb|Michigan is the leading U.S. producer of [[Prunus cerasus|tart cherries]], [[Blueberry|blueberries]], [[pickling cucumber]]s, [[navy bean]]s, and [[petunia]]s.]]
[[File:Kellogg World Headquarters (battlecreekcvb) 001.jpg|thumb|The world headquarters of [[Kellogg's]] in [[Battle Creek]]]]

A wide variety of commodity crops, fruits, and vegetables are grown in Michigan, making it second only to California among US states in the diversity of its agriculture.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.senate.michigan.gov/sfa/Publications/Notes/2000Notes/NotesJulAug00Thiel.PDF |title = Michigan agricultural exports |first = Craig |last = Thiel |access-date = September 3, 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080909225027/http://www.senate.michigan.gov/sfa/Publications/Notes/2000Notes/NotesJulAug00Thiel.PDF |archive-date = September 9, 2008 |url-status = live}}</ref> The state has 54,800 farms utilizing {{convert|10000000|acre|km2}} of land which sold $6.49&nbsp;billion worth of products in 2010.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/Michigan/Publications/MichiganFactSheets/STHILGTS.pdf |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060515222949/http://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/Michigan/Publications/MichiganFactSheets/STHILGTS.pdf |url-status = dead |archive-date = May 15, 2006 |title = Number of farms and land in farms, 2009–2010 |publisher = National Agricultural Statistics Service, Michigan Field Office, Michigan Department of Agriculture |id = NR-09-77 |first = Jeff |last = Andersen |date = October 7, 2011}}</ref> The most valuable agricultural product is milk. Leading crops include corn, soybeans, flowers, wheat, sugar beets, and potatoes. Livestock in the state included 78,000 sheep, a million cattle, a million hogs, and more than three million chickens. Livestock products accounted for 38% of the value of agricultural products while crops accounted for the majority.

Michigan is a leading grower of fruit in the US, including blueberries, [[Cherry production in Michigan|tart cherries]], apples, grapes, and peaches.<ref name="MIAG">{{cite web |url = http://web1.msue.msu.edu/fruit/bluberry.htm |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110720004949/http://web1.msue.msu.edu/fruit/bluberry.htm |archive-date = July 20, 2011 |title = Michigan Blueberries |author = Agriculture Experiment Station |publisher = Michigan State University |access-date = January 3, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last = Hanson |first = Eric |url = http://web1.msue.msu.edu/imp/modsr/sr589201.html |title = Small Fruit Crops |website = Ag Experiment Station Special Reports |date = July 28, 1998 |publisher = Michigan State University |access-date = January 3, 2008 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060417083215/http://web1.msue.msu.edu/imp/modsr/sr589201.html |archive-date = April 17, 2006}}</ref> 
Michigan produces 70 percent of the country's cherries.  Most of these cherries are [[Montmorency  cherries]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.9and10news.com/2023/07/01/what-makes-traverse-city-the-prime-place-for-cherries/ | title=What makes Traverse City the prime place for cherries? }}</ref>
Plums, pears, and strawberries are also grown in Michigan. These fruits are mainly grown in [[West Michigan]] due to the moderating effect of Lake Michigan on the climate. There is also significant fruit production, especially cherries, but also grapes, apples, and other fruits, in northwest Michigan along Lake Michigan. Michigan produces [[Michigan wine|wines]], beers and a multitude of processed food products. [[Kellogg's]] cereal is based in Battle Creek, Michigan and processes many locally grown foods. Thornapple Valley, [[Ball Park Franks]], [[Koegel Meat Company]], and [[Hebrew National]] sausage companies are all based in Michigan.

Michigan is home to very fertile land in the [[Tri-Cities (Michigan)|Saginaw Valley]] and Thumb areas. Products grown there include corn, sugar beets, navy beans, and soybeans. Sugar beet harvesting usually begins the first of October. It takes the sugar factories about five months to process the 3.7&nbsp;million tons of sugarbeets into 485,000 tons of pure, white sugar.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.michigansugar.com/about/education/growing.php |title = Michigan Sugar Company: Education |publisher = Michigansugar.com |access-date = July 25, 2010 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100821121324/http://www.michigansugar.com/about/education/growing.php |archive-date = August 21, 2010}}</ref> Michigan's largest sugar refiner, [[Michigan Sugar Company]]<ref>{{cite web |url = http://michigansugar.com/ |title = Michigan Sugar Company |access-date = May 25, 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080514085038/http://www.michigansugar.com/ |archive-date = May 14, 2008 |url-status = live}}</ref> is the largest east of the Mississippi River and the fourth largest in the nation. Michigan sugar brand names are Pioneer Sugar and the newly incorporated Big Chief Sugar. Potatoes are grown in Northern Michigan, and corn is dominant in Central Michigan. Alfalfa, cucumbers, and asparagus are also grown.

===Tourism===
{{See also|List of National Historic Landmarks in Michigan|List of Registered Historic Places in Michigan|List of museums in Michigan}}

[[File:2007_Michigan_Mackinac_Island_Grand_Hotel_carriage.jpg|thumb|left|[[Mackinac Island]] is well known for cultural events and a wide variety of architectural styles, including the [[Victorian era|Victorian]] [[Grand Hotel (Mackinac Island)|Grand Hotel]].]]
[[File:Downtown Holland, Michigan .jpg|thumb|left|[[Holland, Michigan]], is the home of the [[Tulip Time Festival]], the largest [[tulip festival]] in the U.S.]]

As of 2011, Michigan's tourists spent $17.2 billion per year in the state, supporting 193,000 tourism jobs.<ref>{{cite news |last = Lane |first = Amy |date = May 25, 2011 |url = http://www.crainsdetroit.com/article/20110525/FREE/110529946/report-tourism-spending-increase-in-2010-was-biggest-ever-in-michigan# |title = Report: Tourism spending increase in 2010 was biggest ever in Michigan |work = Crain's Detroit Business |access-date = July 16, 2011 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110529015616/http://www.crainsdetroit.com/article/20110525/FREE/110529946/report-tourism-spending-increase-in-2010-was-biggest-ever-in-michigan |archive-date = May 29, 2011 |url-status = live}}</ref> Michigan's tourism website ranks among the busiest in the nation.<ref>{{cite web |publisher = Great Lakes IT Report |date = May 3, 2007 |url = http://www.glitr.com/Article.asp?id=401608&spid |title = Michigan's Tourism Website No. 1 in the U.S. |access-date = August 10, 2007 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070928210839/http://www.glitr.com/Article.asp?id=401608&spid |archive-date = September 28, 2007}}</ref> Destinations draw vacationers, hunters, and nature enthusiasts from across the United States and Canada. Michigan is over 50% forest land,<ref>{{cite web |last = Cook |first = Bill |title = Facing the Facts |url = https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/facing-the-facts |publisher = MSU College of Agriculture and Natural Resources |date = September 5, 2019 |access-date = June 9, 2023 |archive-date = June 9, 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230609113359/https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/facing-the-facts |url-status = live }}</ref> much of it quite remote. The forests, lakes and thousands of miles of beaches are top attractions. Event tourism draws large numbers to occasions like the [[Tulip Time Festival]] and the [[National Cherry Festival]].

In 2006, the Michigan State Board of Education mandated all public schools in the state hold their first day of school after Labor Day, in accordance with the new post-Labor Day school law. A survey found 70% of all tourism business comes directly from Michigan residents, and the Michigan Hotel, Motel, & Resort Association claimed the shorter summer between school years cut into the annual tourism season.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.imakenews.com/tourism/index000142517.cfm |title = Michigan Tourism Business |website = Imakenews.com |access-date = July 25, 2010 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110713013123/http://www.imakenews.com/tourism/index000142517.cfm |archive-date = July 13, 2011}}</ref> However, a bill introduced in 2023 would cancel this requirement, allowing individual districts to decide when their school year should begin.<ref>{{cite news |last = LeBlanc |first = Beth |title = Michigan lawmakers weigh bill ditching post-Labor Day school start requirement |url = https://eu.detroitnews.com/story/news/politics/michigan/2023/06/06/michigan-lawmakers-weigh-bill-ditching-post-labor-day-school-start-law/70290650007/ |access-date = June 13, 2023 |work = [[The Detroit News]] |date = June 6, 2023 |archive-date = June 6, 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230606161432/https://eu.detroitnews.com/story/news/politics/michigan/2023/06/06/michigan-lawmakers-weigh-bill-ditching-post-labor-day-school-start-law/70290650007/ |url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last = Bowie |first = Taylor |title = Bill aims to end mandate requiring Michigan public schools to start after Labor Day |url = https://www.michiganradio.org/education/2023-06-07/bill-aims-to-end-mandate-requiring-michigan-public-schools-to-start-after-labor-day |access-date = June 13, 2023 |work = [[Michigan Radio]] |date = June 7, 2023 |archive-date = June 13, 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230613024414/https://www.michiganradio.org/education/2023-06-07/bill-aims-to-end-mandate-requiring-michigan-public-schools-to-start-after-labor-day |url-status = live }}</ref>

[[Tourism in metropolitan Detroit]] draws visitors to leading attractions, especially [[The Henry Ford]], the [[Detroit Institute of Arts]], the [[Detroit Zoo]], and to [[sports in Detroit]]. Other museums include the [[Detroit Historical Museum]], the [[Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History]], museums in the [[Cranbrook Educational Community]], and the [[Arab American National Museum]]. The metro area offers four major casinos, [[MGM Grand Detroit]], [[Hollywood Casino at Greektown|Hollywood Casino]], [[Motor City Casino|Motor City]], and [[Caesars Windsor]] in Windsor, Ontario, Canada; moreover, Detroit is the largest American city and metropolitan region to offer casino resorts.<ref name="Mink">{{cite news |last1 = Mink |first1 = Randy |first2 = Karen |last2 = Mink |date = July 2001 |title = Detroit Turns 300: Detroit 300 Festival |work = Travel America |publisher = World Publishing Co., Gale Group |name-list-style = amp}}</ref>

Hunting and fishing are significant industries in the state. Charter boats are based in many Great Lakes cities to fish for salmon, trout, walleye, and perch. Michigan ranks first in the nation in licensed hunters (over one million) who contribute $2 billion annually to its economy. More than three-quarters of a million hunters participate in [[white-tailed deer]] season alone. Many school districts in rural areas of Michigan cancel school on the opening day of firearm deer season, because of attendance concerns.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}}<ref>{{Cite news |last=Meines |first=Caden |date=November 14, 2024 |title=Upper Peninsula schools give students, staff day off for deer hunting |url=https://www.uppermichiganssource.com/2024/11/14/upper-peninsula-schools-give-students-staff-day-off-deer-hunting/ |access-date=March 8, 2025 |work=WLUC}}</ref>

[[File:Downtown Marquette, Michigan in Autumn (43657514144).jpg|thumb|[[Marquette, Michigan]], is home to a vast [[snowmobile]] trail system.]]

Michigan's Department of Natural Resources manages the largest dedicated state forest system in the nation. The forest products industry and recreational users contribute $12 billion and 200,000 associated jobs annually to the state's economy. Public hiking and hunting access has also been secured in extensive commercial forests. The state has the highest number of golf courses and registered [[snowmobile]]s in the nation.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.michigan.gov/dnr/0,1607,7-153-38948-121641--,00.html |title = Economic Impact: Natural Resources Boost Michigan's Economy |publisher = Michigan Department of Natural Resources |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131016184133/http://www.michigan.gov/dnr/0%2C1607%2C7-153-38948-121641--%2C00.html |archive-date = October 16, 2013}}</ref>

The state has numerous [[historical marker]]s, which can themselves become the center of a tour.<ref>{{cite web |website = Michigan Historical Markers |url = http://www.michigan.gov/hal/0,1607,7-160-17449_18638_18654-107240--,00.html |title = Traveling Through time: A guide to Michigan Historical Markers |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090728042147/http://www.michigan.gov/hal/0%2C1607%2C7-160-17449_18638_18654-107240--%2C00.html |archive-date = July 28, 2009}}</ref> The [[Great Lakes Circle Tour]] is a designated scenic road system connecting all of the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.great-lakes.net/tourism/circletour/ |title = Great Lakes Circle Tour |publisher = Great-lakes.net |date = July 5, 2005 |access-date = July 25, 2010 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100725204133/http://www.great-lakes.net/tourism/circletour/ |archive-date = July 25, 2010}}</ref>

With its position in relation to the Great Lakes and the countless ships that have foundered over the many years they have been used as a transport route for people and bulk cargo, Michigan is a world-class scuba diving destination. The [[Michigan Underwater Preserves]] are 11 underwater areas where wrecks are protected for the benefit of sport divers.