Editing Metz (section)

=== Urban ecology ===
[[File:Metz R03.jpg|thumb|[[Jeux d'eau|Water games]] in the Islands District]]
Under the leadership of such people as botanist [[Jean-Marie Pelt]], Metz pioneered a policy of [[urban ecology]] during the early 1970s.<ref name="urban ecology" /> Because of the failure of [[post-war]] [[urban planning]] and [[housing estate]] development in Europe during the 1960s, mostly based on the concepts of [[Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne|CIAM]],<ref>Berrar J.C. (2011) Metz défigurée dans les années 60-70. Eds. Serpenoise. {{ISBN|978-2-87692-909-8}} {{in lang|fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ina.fr/art-et-culture/architecture/video/I08010372/quartiers-anciens-de-metz.fr.html |title=INA Archive (1964) Quartiers anciens de Metz, chefs d'oeuvre en péril, ORTF. |format=VIDEO |access-date=29 June 2012 |language=fr |archive-date=1 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090801062112/http://www.ina.fr/art-et-culture/architecture/video/I08010372/quartiers-anciens-de-metz.fr.html |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ina.fr/art-et-culture/beaux-arts/video/CPF86620930/au-secours-des-quartiers-anciens-deuxieme-partie.fr.html |title=INA Archive (1964) Au secours des quartiers anciens, ORTF. |format=VIDEO |access-date=29 June 2012 |language=fr}}{{dead link|date=March 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Jean-Marie Pelt, then municipal councillor of Metz, initiated a new approach to the urban environment.<ref name="ecology-urbanism" />

Based initially on the ideas of the [[Chicago school (sociology)|Chicago School]], Pelt's theories pleaded for better integration of humans into their environment and developed a concept centered on the relationship between "stone and water".<ref name="urban ecology" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ina.fr/art-et-culture/architecture/video/I08030164/restauration-urbaine-a-metz.fr.html |title=INA Archive (1977) Restauration urbaine à Metz, Antenne 2. |format=VIDEO |access-date=4 July 2012 |language=fr |archive-date=29 October 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091029175121/http://www.ina.fr/art-et-culture/architecture/video/I08030164/restauration-urbaine-a-metz.fr.html |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ina.fr/art-et-culture/architecture/video/SXC02003471/urbanisme-a-metz-renovation-des-quartiers-anciens.fr.html |title=INA Archive (1980) Urbanisme à Metz : rénovation des quartiers anciens, France 3 Régions. |format=VIDEO |access-date=4 July 2012 |language=fr |archive-date=14 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100114231855/http://www.ina.fr/art-et-culture/architecture/video/SXC02003471/urbanisme-a-metz-renovation-des-quartiers-anciens.fr.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> His policy was realized in Metz by the establishment of extensive open areas surrounding the [[Moselle (river)|Moselle]] and the [[Seille (Moselle)|Seille]] rivers and the development of large pedestrian areas. As a result, Metz has over {{cvt|37|m2}} of open areas per inhabitant in the form of numerous public gardens in the city.<ref name="garden map" />

The principles of urban ecology are still applied in Metz with the implementation of a local [[Agenda 21]] action plan.<ref name="Agenda21" /> The municipal ecological policy encompasses the [[sustainable refurbishment]] of ancient buildings,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.metz.fr/metz2/municipalite/cyber_mairie/conseil/cm100225/doc/100225_cm_point06.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329043632/http://www.metz.fr/metz2/municipalite/cyber_mairie/conseil/cm100225/doc/100225_cm_point06.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 March 2014 |title=Official municipal website, municipal council February 2010, Carbon Plan. |access-date=26 February 2010 |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.metz.fr/metz2/municipalite/cyber_mairie/conseil/cm101028/doc/101028_cm_point04.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329015732/http://www.metz.fr/metz2/municipalite/cyber_mairie/conseil/cm101028/doc/101028_cm_point04.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 March 2014 |title=Official municipal website, municipal council October 2010, Sustainable Energy Plan |access-date=29 October 2010 |language=fr}}</ref> the erection of [[sustainable architecture|sustainable districts and buildings]], [[Sustainable transport|green public transport]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.metz.fr/metz2/municipalite/cyber_mairie/conseil/cm100701/doc/100701_cm_point06_annexe01.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329044339/http://www.metz.fr/metz2/municipalite/cyber_mairie/conseil/cm100701/doc/100701_cm_point06_annexe01.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 March 2014 |title=Official municipal website, municipal council July 2010, Bicycle Plan. |access-date=2 July 2010 |language=fr}}</ref> and the creation of public gardens by means of [[landscape architecture]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.metz.fr/metz2/municipalite/cyber_mairie/conseil/cm100225/doc/100225_cm_point13.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329043237/http://www.metz.fr/metz2/municipalite/cyber_mairie/conseil/cm100225/doc/100225_cm_point13.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 March 2014 |title=Official municipal website, municipal council February 2010, Public garden policy. |access-date=26 February 2010 |language=fr}}</ref>

Additionally, the city has developed its own [[cogeneration|combined heat and power station]], using waste wood [[biomass]] from the surrounding forests as a [[renewable energy]] source.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uem-metz.fr/site/index.php |title=Official website of the power plant of Metz |access-date=1 October 2012 |language=fr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120919233304/http://www.uem-metz.fr/site/index.php |archive-date=19 September 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mairie-metz.fr/metz2/municipalite/cyber_mairie/conseil/point.php?id_chapitre=792 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130213141557/http://www.mairie-metz.fr/metz2/municipalite/cyber_mairie/conseil/point.php?id_chapitre=792 |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 February 2013 |title=Official municipal website, municipal council April 2011, Debate of the cogeneration boiler investment. |format=Audio |access-date=1 October 2012 |language=fr}}</ref> With a thermal efficiency above 80%, the 45MW [[boiler]] of the plant provides electricity and heat for 44,000 [[dwelling]]s. The Metz power station is the first local producer and distributor of energy in France.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uem-metz.fr/site/medias/_documents/telechargements/decouvrir_uem/dossier_presse.pdf |title=Official Pressbook of the power plant of Metz |access-date=26 February 2010 |language=fr |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511203555/http://www.uem-metz.fr/site/medias/_documents/telechargements/decouvrir_uem/dossier_presse.pdf |archive-date=11 May 2013}}</ref>