Editing Marrakesh (section)

===Gardens===
[[File:Jardins de la Ménara.jpg|left|thumb|Pavilion and reservoir of the [[Menara gardens]]]]
The city is home to a number of gardens, both historical and modern. The largest and oldest gardens in the city are the [[Menara Gardens]] to the west and the [[Agdal Gardens]] to the south. The Menara Gardens were established in 1157 by the Almohad ruler Abd al-Mu'min.<ref name="Qantara-2021">{{Cite web|title=Qantara - The garden and the pavilion of the Menara|url=https://www.qantara-med.org/public/show_document.php?do_id=1021&lang=en|access-date=2021-01-28|website=www.qantara-med.org|archive-date=2021-08-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831025147/https://www.qantara-med.org/public/show_document.php?do_id=1021&lang=en|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Navarro-2017" /> They are centered around a large water reservoir surrounded by [[orchard]]s and [[olive grove]]s. A 19th-century pavilion stands at the edge of the reservoir. The Agdal Gardens were established during the reign of Abu Ya'qub Yusuf (r. 1163–1184) and extend over a larger area today, containing several water basins and palace structures.<ref name="Navarro-2017" /> The Agdal Gardens cover about {{convert|340|ha|sqmi|abbr=}} and are surrounded by a circuit of pisé walls,<ref name="Bloom-2020">{{Cite book|last=Bloom|first=Jonathan M.|title=Architecture of the Islamic West: North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula, 700-1800|publisher=Yale University Press|year=2020|isbn=9780300218701|location=|pages=145–146}}</ref> while the Menara Gardens cover around {{convert|96|ha|sqmi|abbr=}}.<ref name="Qantara-2021" /> The water reservoirs for both gardens were supplied with water through an old hydraulic system known as ''khettara''s, which conveyed water from the foothills of the nearby Atlas Mountains.<ref name="Navarro-2018">{{Cite journal|last1=Navarro|first1=Julio|last2=Garrido|first2=Fidel|last3=Almela|first3=Íñigo|date=2018|title=The Agdal of Marrakesh (Twelfth to Twentieth Centuries): An Agricultural Space for Caliphs and Sultans. Part II: Hydraulics, Architecture, and Agriculture|url=|journal=Muqarnas|volume=35|issue=1|pages=1–64|doi=10.1163/22118993_03501P003|s2cid=116253890}}</ref>{{Sfn|Wilbaux|2001|p=246–247, 281–282}}

[[File:Le jardin des majorelle 21.JPG|thumb|[[Majorelle Garden]]]]
The [[Majorelle Garden]], on Avenue Yacoub el Mansour, was at one time the home of the landscape painter [[Jacques Majorelle]]. Famed designer Yves Saint Laurent bought and restored the property, which features a [[stele]] erected in his memory,<ref name="fondation-pb-ysl.net">{{cite web|url=http://www.fondation-pb-ysl.net/en/History-399.html|title=History|publisher=Fondation Pierre Bergé – Yves Saint Laurent|access-date=13 October 2012|archive-date=13 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913091625/http://www.fondation-pb-ysl.net/en/History-399.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and the Museum of Islamic Art, which is housed in a dark blue building.{{sfn|Davies|2009|p=111}} The garden, open to the public since 1947, has a large collection of plants from five continents including [[cacti]], palms and bamboo.{{sfn|Sullivan|2006|pp=145–146}}

The Koutoubia Mosque is also flanked by another set of gardens, the Koutoubia Gardens. They feature orange and palm trees, and are frequented by storks.{{sfn|Christiani|2009|p=101}} The Mamounia Gardens, more than 100 years old and named after Prince Moulay Mamoun, have olive and orange trees as well as a variety of floral displays.{{sfn|Sullivan|2006|p=146}} In 2016,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Marescaux |first=Patrick |date=21 April 2016 |title=Jardin Anima, l'extraordinaire rêve marrakchi d'un artiste autrichien |url=https://medias24.com/2016/04/21/jardin-anima-lextraordinaire-reve-marrakchi-dun-artiste-autrichien/ |access-date=25 October 2024 |website=Médias24}}</ref> at a location between the city and the Atlas Mountains, artist [[André Heller]] opened the ANIMA garden, which combines a diverse collection of plants with a display of works by famous artists such as  [[Keith Haring]] and [[Pablo Picasso]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Foreman |first=Liza |date=12 December 2017 |title=Preserving Morocco's grand gardens |url=https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20171212-preserving-moroccos-grand-gardens |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> In the same year, a large restored ''[[Riad (architecture)|riad]]'' garden set within a historical mansion, located inside the medina, was opened to visitors as ''Le Jardin Secret'' ('The Secret Garden').<ref name=":0" />