Editing Mallorca (section)

==Geography==
[[File:Mallorca sentinel2.jpg|440px|thumb|Satellite image]]

===Geology===
Mallorca and the other Balearic Islands are geologically an extension of the fold mountains of the [[Betic Cordillera]] of [[Andalusia]]. They consist primarily of sediments deposited in the [[Tethys Sea]] during the [[Mesozoic]] era. These marine deposits have given rise to calcareous rocks which are often [[fossil]]iferous. The folding of the Betic Cordillera and Mallorcan ranges resulted from [[subduction]] of the [[African Plate]] beneath the [[Eurasian Plate]] with eventual collision.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://online-media.uni-marburg.de/biologie/botex/mallorca05/marc/entstehung.html |title=Entstehung Mallorcas &#91;German&#93; |access-date=13 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120528123554/http://online-media.uni-marburg.de/biologie/botex/mallorca05/marc/entstehung.html |archive-date=28 May 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tectonic movements led to different elevation and lowering zones in the late [[Tertiary]] period, which is why the connection to the mainland has been severed at the current sea level.

The limestones, which predominate throughout Mallorca, are readily water-soluble, and have given rise to extensive areas of [[karst]]. In addition to limestone, [[dolomite (rock)|dolomitic rocks]] are mainly present in the mountainous regions of Mallorca; the Serra de Tramuntana and the Serres de Llevant. The Serres de Llevant also contain [[marl]], the more rapid erosion of which has resulted in the lower elevations of the island's southeastern mountains. Marl is limestone with a high proportion of [[clay minerals]]. The eroded material was washed into the sea or deposited in the interior of the island of the Pla de Mallorca, bright marls in the north-east of the island and ferrous clays in the middle of Mallorca, which gives the soil its characteristic reddish colour.<ref>"Ein Felsen, der aus dem Meer gewachsen ist" [German], interview with geologist Rosa Mateos in ''Mallorca Magazin'' 13/2009, pp. 62-63.</ref>

=== Mountains of Mallorca ===
Mallorca features a landscape characterised by a series of mountain ranges. The highest peak, [[Puig Major]], stands at approximately 1,445 meters (4,741 feet) above sea level.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Puig de Massanella : Climbing, Hiking & Mountaineering : SummitPost |url=https://www.summitpost.org/puig-de-massanella/150864 |access-date=2024-04-01 |website=www.summitpost.org}}</ref> Other notable peaks include [[Puig de Massanella]], [[Puig Tomir]], [[Puig de l'Ofre]], and [[Puig des Teix]], all exceeding 1,000 meters (3,280 feet) in elevation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climb to the highest mountains of Mallorca (Mallorca) |url=https://www.illesbalears.travel/en/mallorca/climb-to-the-highest-mountains-of-mallorca |access-date=2024-04-01 |website=illesbalears.travel |language=en}}</ref> These mountains are part of the [[Serra de Tramuntana|Serra de Tramuntana range]] with numerous peaks over 1,000 meters, offering opportunities for hiking and exploration with views of the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]]. While not towering in comparison to some mountain ranges globally, the Mallorcan mountains provide visitors with diverse outdoor experiences and panoramic views of the island's rugged terrain and coastline.

==== Ten tallest mountains of Mallorca ====
{| class="wikitable"
!Mountain Name
!Meters
!Feet
|-
|[[Puig Major]]
|1,445
|4,741
|-
|[[Puig de Massanella]]
|1,364
|4,475
|-
|[[Puig Tomir]]
|1,103
|3,619
|-
|Puig de l'Ofre
|1,091
|3,579
|-
|Puig des Teix
|1,064
|3,491
|-
|[[Serra de Tramuntana]] (Various Peaks)
|Over 1,000
|Over 3,280
|-
|Puig de Galatzó
|1,027
|3,369
|-
|Puig de sa Rateta
|1,006
|3,301
|-
|Puig de sa Font
|995
|3,264
|-
|Puig d'en Galileu
|945
|3,100
|}

===Regions===
[[File:Mallorca topo.png|thumb|Topography]]

Mallorca is the largest island of Spain by area and second most populated (after [[Tenerife]] in the [[Canary Islands]]).<ref>Cifra de población referida al 1 January 2009 según el [[Instituto Nacional de Estadística de España|Instituto Nacional de Estadística]]</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Largest Islands Of Spain By Size|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-largest-islands-of-spain-by-size.html|website=worldatlas.com|access-date=8 January 2017|archive-date=8 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180108233501/https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-largest-islands-of-spain-by-size.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
Mallorca has two mountainous regions, the [[Serra de Tramuntana]] and Serres de Llevant. Both are about {{convert|70|km|0|abbr=on}} in length and occupy the northwestern and eastern parts of the island respectively.

The highest peak in Mallorca is [[Puig Major]], at {{convert|1445|m|0|abbr=on}}, in the Serra de Tramuntana.<ref name=MALRCA>{{cite book|title=Mallorca|last=Tisdall|first=Nigel|publisher=Thomas Cook Publishing|date=2003|isbn=9781841573274|page=6|work=Reference to Puig Major and its height above sea level}}</ref> As this is a military zone, the neighbouring peak at [[Puig de Massanella]] is the highest accessible peak at {{convert|1364|m|0|abbr=on}}. The northeast coast comprises two bays: the Badia de Pollença and the larger Badia d'Alcúdia.

The northern coast is rugged and has many cliffs. The central zone, extending from Palma, is a generally flat, fertile plain known as ''Es Pla''.  The island has a variety of [[cave]]s both above and below the sea – two of the caves, the [[above sea level]] [[Coves dels Hams]] and the [[Coves del Drach]], also contain underground lakes and are open to tours.  Both are located near the eastern coastal town of [[Porto Cristo]].  Small uninhabited islands lie off the southern and western coasts; the [[Cabrera Archipelago]] is administratively grouped with Mallorca (in the municipality of Palma), while [[Dragonara]] is administratively included in the municipality of Andratx. Other notable areas include the [[Alfabia Mountains]], [[Els Cornadors|Es Cornadors]] and [[Cap de Formentor]]. The [[Cap de Formentor]] is one of the places where the tourists can enjoy the pleasure of its beach which is golden and very thin.<ref>{{cite web |title=Las playas menos famosas de la isla de Mallorca |url=https://www.vipealo.com/blog/las-playas-de-mallorca-menos-conocidas/ |website=Vipealo |date=3 December 2020 |access-date=3 December 2020 |archive-date=15 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815100144/https://www.vipealo.com/blog/las-playas-de-mallorca-menos-conocidas/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===World Heritage Site===
The Cultural Landscape of the [[Serra de Tramuntana]] was registered as a [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]] in 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1371 |title=Cultural Landscape of the Serra de Tramuntana – UNESCO World Heritage Centre |website=Unesco |date=27 June 2011 |access-date=26 March 2013 |archive-date=13 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513001241/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1371 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Municipalities===
[[File:Mapa camarques2.jpg|thumb|Municipalities of Majorca]]
[[File:Mallorca2021OSM.png|thumb|Enlargeable, detailed map of Mallorca and outlying islands]]
The island (including the small offshore islands of Cabrera and Dragonera) is administratively divided into 53 municipalities. The areas and populations of the municipalities (according to the ''Instituto Nacional de Estadística'', Spain) are:

{|class="sortable wikitable"
|-
!scope="col"| Municipality
!scope="col"| Area<br /> (km<sup>2</sup>)
!scope="col"| Census Population<br /> 1 November 2001
!scope="col"| Census Population<br /> 1 November 2011
!scope="col"| Census Population<br /> 1 January 2021
!scope="col"| Estimated Population<br /> 1 January 2023
|-
| [[Alaró]]
| align="right"|45.7
| align="right"|4,050
| align="right"|5,273
| align="right"|5,800
| align="right"|5,948
|-
| [[Alcúdia]]
| align="right"|60.0
| align="right"|12,500
| align="right"|18,914
| align="right"|20,694
| align="right"|21,725
|-
| [[Algaida]]
| align="right"|89.8
| align="right"|3,749
| align="right"|5,272
| align="right"|6,013
| align="right"|6,230
|-
| [[Andratx]]
| align="right"|81.5
| align="right"|7,753
| align="right"|11,234
| align="right"|11,780
| align="right"|12,096
|-
| [[Ariany, Spain|Ariany]]
| align="right"|23.1
| align="right"|766
| align="right"|892
| align="right"|906
| align="right"|976
|-
| [[Artà]]
| align="right"|139.8
| align="right"|6,176
| align="right"|7,562
| align="right"|8,180
| align="right"|8,324
|-
| [[Banyalbufar]]
| align="right"|18.1
| align="right"|517
| align="right"|559
| align="right"|541
| align="right"|578
|-
| [[Binissalem]]
| align="right"|29.8
| align="right"|5,166
| align="right"|7,640
| align="right"|8,931
| align="right"|9,225
|-
| [[Búger]]
| align="right"|8.29
| align="right"|950
| align="right"|1,014
| align="right"|1,089
| align="right"|1,152
|-
| [[Bunyola]]
| align="right"|84.7
| align="right"|5,029
| align="right"|6,270
| align="right"|7,115
| align="right"|7,343
|-
| [[Calvià]]
| align="right"|145.0
| align="right"|35,977
| align="right"|49,807
| align="right"|51,831
| align="right"|53,496
|-
| [[Campanet]]
| align="right"|34.6
| align="right"|2,309
| align="right"|2,536
| align="right"|2,654
| align="right"|2,785
|-
| [[Campos, Majorca|Campos]]
| align="right"|149.7
| align="right"|6,360
| align="right"|9,712
| align="right"|11,471
| align="right"|11,817
|-
| [[Capdepera]]
| align="right"|54.9
| align="right"|8,239
| align="right"|11,281
| align="right"|12,212
| align="right"|12,585
|-
| [[Consell]]
| align="right"|13.7
| align="right"|2,407
| align="right"|3,778
| align="right"|4,240
| align="right"|4,291
|-
| [[Costitx]]
| align="right"|15.4
| align="right"|924
| align="right"|1,113
| align="right"|1,398
| align="right"|1,520
|-
| [[Deià]]
| align="right"|15.2
| align="right"|654
| align="right"|684
| align="right"|686
| align="right"|688
|-
| [[Escorca]]
| align="right"|139.4
| align="right"|257
| align="right"|258
| align="right"|183
| align="right"|195
|-
| [[Esporles]]
| align="right"|35.3
| align="right"|4,066
| align="right"|4,845
| align="right"|5,153
| align="right"|5,283
|-
| [[Estellencs]]
| align="right"|13.4
| align="right"|347
| align="right"|363
| align="right"|326
| align="right"|361
|-
| [[Felanitx]]
| align="right"|169.8
| align="right"|14,882
| align="right"|18,045
| align="right"|18,211
| align="right"|18,636
|-
| [[Fornalutx]]
| align="right"|19.5
| align="right"|618
| align="right"|695
| align="right"|681
| align="right"|715
|-
| [[Inca, Spain|Inca]]
| align="right"|58.3
| align="right"|23,029
| align="right"|30,359
| align="right"|33,719
| align="right"|34,459
|-
| [[Lloret de Vistalegre]]
| align="right"|17.4
| align="right"|981
| align="right"|1,308
| align="right"|1,469
| align="right"|1,591
|-
| [[Lloseta]]
| align="right"|12.1
| align="right"|4,760
| align="right"|5,690
| align="right"|6,318
| align="right"|6,453
|-
| [[Llubí]]
| align="right"|34.9
| align="right"|1,806
| align="right"|2,235
| align="right"|2,405
| align="right"|2,462
|-
| [[Llucmajor]]
| align="right"|327.3
| align="right"|24,277
| align="right"|35,995
| align="right"|38,475
| align="right"|39,156
|-
| [[Manacor]]
| align="right"|260.3
| align="right"|31,255
| align="right"|40,348
| align="right"|44,878
| align="right"|46,614
|-
| [[Mancor de la Vall]]
| align="right"|19.9
| align="right"|892
| align="right"|1,321
| align="right"|1,570
| align="right"|1,643
|-
| [[Maria de la Salut]]
| align="right"|30.5
| align="right"|1,972
| align="right"|2,122
| align="right"|2,235
| align="right"|2,333
|-
| [[Marratxí]]
| align="right"|54.2
| align="right"|23,410
| align="right"|34,538
| align="right"|38,351
| align="right"|39,455
|-
| [[Montuïri]]
| align="right"|41.1
| align="right"|2,344
| align="right"|2,856
| align="right"|3,061
| align="right"|3,142
|-
| [[Muro, Balearic Islands|Muro]]
| align="right"|58.6
| align="right"|6,107
| align="right"|7,010
| align="right"|7,547
| align="right"|7,842
|-
| [[Palma, Majorca|Palma]]
| align="right"|208.7
| align="right"|333,801
| align="right"|402,044
| align="right"|424,837
| align="right"|430,640
|-
| [[Petra, Balearic Islands|Petra]]
| align="right"|70.0
| align="right"|1,911
| align="right"|2,876
| align="right"|3,051
| align="right"|3,151
|-
| [[Pollença]]
| align="right"|151.7
| align="right"|13,808
| align="right"|16,057
| align="right"|16,903
| align="right"|17,260
|-
| [[Porreres]]
| align="right"|86.9
| align="right"|4,069
| align="right"|5,459
| align="right"|5,630
| align="right"|5,749
|-
| [[Puigpunyent]]
| align="right"|42.3
| align="right"|1,250
| align="right"|1,878
| align="right"|2,073
| align="right"|2,090
|-
| [[Santa Eugènia, Mallorca|Santa Eugènia]]
| align="right"|20.3
| align="right"|1,224
| align="right"|1,686
| align="right"|1,774
| align="right"|1,870
|-
| [[Santa Margalida]]
| align="right"|86.5
| align="right"|7,800
| align="right"|11,725
| align="right"|12,830
| align="right"|13,231
|-
| [[Santa Maria del Camí]]
| align="right"|37.6
| align="right"|4,959
| align="right"|6,443
| align="right"|7,526
| align="right"|7,579
|-
| [[Santanyí]]
| align="right"|124.9
| align="right"|8,875
| align="right"|12,427
| align="right"|12,364
| align="right"|12,561
|-
| [[Sant Joan]]
| align="right"|38.5
| align="right"|1,634
| align="right"|2,029
| align="right"|2,173
| align="right"|2,204
|-
| [[Sant Llorenç des Cardassar]]
| align="right"|82.1
| align="right"|6,503
| align="right"|8,490
| align="right"|9,058
| align="right"|9,378
|-
| [[Sa Pobla]]
| align="right"|48.6
| align="right"|10,388
| align="right"|12,999
| align="right"|14,064
| align="right"|14,296
|-
| [[Selva, Majorca|Selva]]
| align="right"|48.8
| align="right"|2,927
| align="right"|3,699
| align="right"|4,113
| align="right"|4,289
|-
| [[Sencelles]]
| align="right"|52.9
| align="right"|2,146
| align="right"|3,113
| align="right"|3,616
| align="right"|3,876
|-
| [[Ses Salines]]
| align="right"|39.1
| align="right"|3,389
| align="right"|5,007
| align="right"|5,021
| align="right"|5,032
|-
| [[Sineu]]
| align="right"|47.7
| align="right"|2,736
| align="right"|3,696
| align="right"|4,156
| align="right"|4,387
|-
| [[Sóller]]
| align="right"|42.8
| align="right"|10,961
| align="right"|13,882
| align="right"|13,621
| align="right"|13,747
|-
| [[Son Servera]]
| align="right"|42.6
| align="right"|9,432
| align="right"|11,915
| align="right"|12,072
| align="right"|12,129
|-
| [[Valldemossa]]
| align="right"|42.9
| align="right"|1,708
| align="right"|1,990
| align="right"|2,047
| align="right"|2,053
|-
| [[Vilafranca de Bonany]]
| align="right"|24.0
| align="right"|2,466
| align="right"|2,984
| align="right"|3,553
| align="right"|3,691
|}

===Comarques===
<gallery mode=packed>
File:Karte Serra de Tramuntana 2022.png|[[Serra de Tramuntana]]
File:Karte Raiguer 2022.png|[[Raiguer]]
File:Karte Pla de Mallorca 2022.png|[[Pla de Mallorca]]
File:Karte Llevant 2022.png|[[Llevant]]
File:Karte Migjorn 2022.png|[[Migjorn]]
File:Karte Palma 2022.png|[[Palma de Mallorca|Palma]]
</gallery>