Editing Major depressive disorder (section)

==Screening and prevention==
Preventive efforts may result in decreases in rates of the condition of between 22 and 38%.<ref name=Cuijpers2008 /> Since 2016, the [[United States Preventive Services Task Force]] (USPSTF) has recommended screening for depression among those over the age 12, provided that it would be diagnosed accurately, treated efficiently, and followed-up as needed;<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Siu AL, Bibbins-Domingo K, Grossman DC, et al |title=Screening for Depression in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement |journal=JAMA |volume=315 |issue=4 |pages=380–87 |date=January 2016 |pmid=26813211 |doi=10.1001/jama.2015.18392 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Siu AL |title=Screening for Depression in Children and Adolescents: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement |journal=Annals of Internal Medicine |volume=164 |issue=5 |pages=360–66 |date=March 2016 |pmid=26858097 |doi=10.7326/M15-2957 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="DD">{{Cite journal |last1=Marx |first1=Wolfgang |last2=Penninx |first2=Brenda W. J. H. |last3=Solmi |first3=Marco |last4=Furukawa |first4=Toshi A. |last5=Firth |first5=Joseph |last6=Carvalho |first6=Andre F. |last7=Berk |first7=Michael |date=24 August 2023 |title=Major depressive disorder |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41572-023-00454-1 |journal=Nature Reviews Disease Primers |language=en |volume=9 |issue=1 |page=44 |doi=10.1038/s41572-023-00454-1 |pmid=37620370 |issn=2056-676X}}</ref> though a 2005 [[Cochrane review]] found that the routine use of screening questionnaires has little effect on detection or treatment.<ref name=Gil2005>{{cite journal |vauthors=Gilbody S, House AO, Sheldon TA |title=Screening and case finding instruments for depression |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |issue=4 |page=CD002792 |date=October 2005 |volume=2005 |pmid=16235301 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD002792.pub2 |pmc=6769050 }}</ref> Screening the general population is not recommended by authorities in the UK or Canada for similar reasons, citing insufficient data.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Ferenchick EK, Ramanuj P, Pincus HA |title=Depression in primary care: part 1—screening and diagnosis |journal=British Medical Journal |year=2019 |volume=365 |pages=l794 |doi=10.1136/bmj.l794|pmid=30962184 |s2cid=104296515 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="DD" />

Behavioral interventions, such as [[interpersonal therapy]] and [[cognitive-behavioral therapy]], are effective at preventing new onset depression.<ref name=Cuijpers2008>{{cite journal |vauthors=Cuijpers P, van Straten A, Smit F, Mihalopoulos C, Beekman A |title=Preventing the onset of depressive disorders: a meta-analytic review of psychological interventions |journal=The American Journal of Psychiatry |volume=165 |issue=10 |pages=1272–80 |date=October 2008 |pmid=18765483 |doi=10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.07091422 |hdl=1871/16952 |url=http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/abstract/165/10/1272?maxtoshow=&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=1&title=Preventing+the+onset+of+depressive+disorders%3A+A+meta&andorexacttitle=and&andorexacttitleabs=and&andorexactfulltext=and&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&sortspec=relevance&resourcetype=HWCIT }}</ref><ref name=Munoz2012>{{cite journal |vauthors=Muñoz RF, Beardslee WR, Leykin Y |title=Major depression can be prevented |journal=The American Psychologist |volume=67 |issue=4 |pages=285–95 |date=May–June 2012 |pmid=22583342 |pmc=4533896 |doi=10.1037/a0027666 }}</ref><ref name=Cuijpers2012>{{cite conference| vauthors = Cuijpers P |title=Prevention and early treatment of mental ill-health|url=http://congres.efpa.eu/downloads/Pim-Cuijpers_Prevention-and-early-treatment-of-mental-ill-health-EFPASep%202012.pdf|place=Psychology for Health: Contributions to Policy Making, Brussels|date=20 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512015105/http://congres.efpa.eu/downloads/Pim-Cuijpers_Prevention-and-early-treatment-of-mental-ill-health-EFPASep%202012.pdf|archive-date=12 May 2013|access-date=16 June 2013}}</ref> Because such interventions appear to be most effective when delivered to individuals or small groups, it has been suggested that they may be able to reach their large target audience most efficiently through the [[Internet]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Griffiths KM, Farrer L, Christensen H | year = 2010 |volume=192 |issue=11 |pages=4–11 |title=The efficacy of internet interventions for depression and anxiety disorders: a review of randomised controlled trials |journal=Medical Journal of Australia | url = https://www.mja.com.au/system/files/issues/192_11_070610/gri10844_fm.pdf |access-date=12 November 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112130932/https://www.mja.com.au/system/files/issues/192_11_070610/gri10844_fm.pdf |archive-date=12 November 2014 | doi = 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2010.tb03685.x | pmid = 20528707 | s2cid = 1948009 }}</ref>

The Netherlands mental health care system provides preventive interventions, such as the "Coping with Depression" course (CWD) for people with sub-threshold depression. The course is claimed to be the most successful of psychoeducational interventions for the treatment and prevention of depression (both for its adaptability to various populations and its results), with a risk reduction of 38% in major depression and an efficacy as a treatment comparing favorably to other psychotherapies.<ref name=Munoz2012 /><ref name=Cuijpers2009>{{cite journal |vauthors=Cuijpers P, Muñoz RF, Clarke GN, Lewinsohn PM |title=Psychoeducational treatment and prevention of depression: the "Coping with Depression" course thirty years later |journal=Clinical Psychology Review |volume=29 |issue=5 |pages=449–58 |date=July 2009 |pmid=19450912 |doi=10.1016/j.cpr.2009.04.005 }}</ref>