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=== Valentinianic dynasty (364–392) === {{Main|Valentinianic dynasty}} {{Legend|#EBEBEB|({{Hash-tag}}) – Ambiguous legitimacy{{Efn|name=ambig}}}} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%; text-align:center" |+ {{Sronly|Valentinianic dynasty}} ! scope=col width="7%" | Portrait ! scope=col width="17%" | Name{{Efn|Distinction between ''[[Nomen gentilicium|nomen]]'', ''[[praenomen]]'' and ''[[cognomen]]'', the core elements of [[Roman naming conventions]], began to fade away from the 3rd century onwards. Given that "new Romans" —that is, [[Barbarian#In classical Greco-Roman contexts|barbarians]] turned [[Roman citizenship|citizens]]— adopted the names of their masters, many citizens adopted the names [[Julia gens|Julius]], [[Flavian dynasty|Flavius]] (notable the [[Constantinian dynasty|Constantinians]]) and [[Nerva–Antonine dynasty|Marcus Aurelius]] (notable the 3rd century emperors), thus making them obsolete as [[surnames]]. As a result, most citizens of the Empire, even emperors, reverted back to single-names by the 5th century.{{Sfn|Salway|1994}}}} ! scope=col width="26%" | Reign ! scope=col width="25%" | Succession ! scope=col width="25%" | Life details |- | [[File:Restored head of Valentinian I (cropped).jpg|100px|alt=coin]] ! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#F8F9FA" | '''[[Valentinian I]]''' "the Great"<br/>{{Small|''Valentinianus''}} | 25/26 February 364 – 17 November 375<br/>{{Small|({{Age in years, months and days|364|2|25|375|11|17}})<br/>'''Whole'''; then '''West'''}} | General; proclaimed emperor by the army after Jovian's death | 321 – 17 November 375<br/>{{Small|(aged 54)}}<hr/>Last emperor to cross the [[Rhine]] into Germania. Died of a stroke while yelling at envoys{{Sfnm|1a1=PLRE|2a1=Grant|1loc=Vol. I, pp. 933–934|3a1=Kienast|3pp=313–314|2pp=259–262|3a2=Eck|3a3=Heil}} |- | [[File:INC-1867-a Солид. Валент II. Ок. 375—378 гг. (аверс).png|100px|alt=coin]] ! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#F8F9FA" | '''[[Valens]]''' | 28 March 364 – 9 August 378<br/>{{Small|({{Age in years, months and days|364|3|28|378|8|9}}; '''East''')}} | Brother of Valentinian I, made eastern emperor by his brother (Valentinian retaining the west) |{{Circa}} 328 – 9 August 378<br/>{{Small|(aged nearly 50)}}<hr/>Killed at the [[Battle of Adrianople]]{{Sfnm|1a1=PLRE|2a1=Grant|1loc=Vol. I, pp. 930–931|3a1=Kienast|3pp=316–318|2pp=263–265|3a2=Eck|3a3=Heil}} |- ! colspan=5 | |- | style="background:#EBEBEB" | [[File:INC-1866-a Солид. Прокопий. Ок. 365—366 гг. (аверс).png|100px|alt=coin]] ! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#EBEBEB" | '''[[Procopius (usurper)|Procopius]]''' ({{Hash-tag}}) | style="background:#EBEBEB" | 28 September 365 – 27 May 366<br/>{{Small|({{Age in years, months and days|365|9|28|366|5|27}}; '''East''')}} | style="background:#EBEBEB" | Maternal cousin of Julian; revolted against Valens and captured Constantinople, where the people proclaimed him emperor | style="background:#EBEBEB" | 326 – 27/28 May 366<br/>{{Small|(aged 40)}}<hr/>Deposed, captured and executed by Valens{{Sfnm|1a1=PLRE|1loc=Vol. I, pp. 742–743|2a1=Kienast|2a2=Eck|2a3=Heil|2p=318}} |- ! colspan=5 | |- | [[File:Gratian Trier enhanced.jpg|100px|alt=coin]] ! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#F8F9FA" | '''[[Gratian]]'''<br/>{{Small|''Gratianus''}} | 17 November 375 – 25 August 383<br/>{{Small|({{Age in years, months and days|375|11|17|383|8|25}}; '''West''')}} | Son of Valentinian I; proclaimed western co-emperor on 24 August 367, at age 8. Emperor in his own right after Valentinian's death | 18 April 359 – 25 August 383<br/>{{Small|(aged 24)}}<hr/>Killed by [[Andragathius]], an officer of [[Magnus Maximus]]{{Sfnm|1a1=PLRE|2a1=Grant|1loc=Vol. I, p. 401|3a1=Kienast|3pp=319–320|2pp=266–267|3a2=Eck|3a3=Heil}} |- ! colspan=5 | |- | [[File:Rare aureus of Magnus Maximus (obverse transparent).png|100px|alt=coin]] ! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#F8F9FA" | '''[[Magnus Maximus]]''' | 25 August 383 – 28 August 388<br/>{{Small|(5 years and 3 days; '''West''')<hr/>''with'' [[File:Solidus Flavius Victor Trier (obverse).jpg|25px]] '''[[Victor (emperor)|Victor]]''' (383/387–388)}}{{Efn|name=co-emperor|Although they constitutionally held the same supreme power as their senior counterpart, it is customary among scholars of the later empire to only regard those who actually ruled as emperors, omitting junior co-emperors who only exercised power nominally and never governed in their own name. Most of these co-emperors were children that barely appear in historical records.{{Sfn|Foss|2005|p=101}}{{Sfn|ODB|p=360}}}} | General, related to Theodosius I; proclaimed emperor by the troops in Britain. Briefly recognized by Theodosius I and Valentinian II | Unknown – 28 August 388<hr/>Defeated by Theodosius I at the [[Battle of Save]], executed after surrendering{{Sfnm|1a1=PLRE|2a1=Grant|1loc=Vol. I, p. 588|3a1=Kienast|3pp=327–328|2pp=274–275|3a2=Eck|3a3=Heil}} |- ! colspan=5 | |- | [[File:Statue of emperor Valentinian II (cropped enhanced).JPG|100px|alt=statue]] ! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#F8F9FA" | '''[[Valentinian II]]'''<br/>{{Small|''Valentinianus''}} | 28 August 388 – 15 May 392<br/>{{Small|({{Age in years, months and days|388|8|28|392|5|15}}; '''West''')}} | Son of Valentinian I, proclaimed co-emperor on 22 November 375, at age 4. Sole western ruler after the defeat of [[Magnus Maximus]] in 388 | 371 – 15 May 392<br/>{{Small|(aged 20/21)}}<hr/>Dominated by regents and co-emperors his entire reign. Probably suicide, possibly killed by [[Arbogast (magister militum)|Arbogast]]{{Sfnm|1a1=PLRE|2a1=Grant|1loc=Vol. I, pp. 934–935|3a1=Kienast|3pp=321–322|2pp=268–269|3a2=Eck|3a3=Heil}} |- ! colspan=5 | |- | style="background:#EBEBEB" | [[File:Eugenius coin (transparent).png|100px|alt=coin]] ! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#EBEBEB" | '''[[Eugenius]]''' ({{Hash-tag}}) | style="background:#EBEBEB" | 22 August 392 – 6 September 394<br/>{{Small|({{Age in years, months and days|392|8|22|394|9|6}}; '''West''')}} | style="background:#EBEBEB" | Teacher of Latin grammar and rhetoric, secretary of Valentinian II. Proclaimed emperor by [[Arbogast (magister militum)|Arbogast]] | style="background:#EBEBEB" | Unknown – 6 September 394<hr/>Defeated by Theodosius I at the [[Battle of the Frigidus]] and executed{{Sfnm|1a1=PLRE|2a1=Kienast|1loc=Vol. I, p. 293|2a2=Eck|2a3=Heil|2p=329}} |}
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