Editing Judicial independence (section)

==== Appointment and Tenure of Judges ====
Originally, the appointment of judges was carried out by the President in consultation with the Chief Justice of India and other senior judges. However, the [[Collegium system|Collegium System]], evolved through Supreme Court judgments (notably the [[Collegium system|Second Judges Case]] in 1993), gave primacy to the judiciary (Specifically the [[Chief Justice of India|CJI]] and two senior judges of Supreme Court) in appointments and transfers of judges. This system aims to preserve independence by insulating the appointment process from political interference.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Editor |first=Vajiram |date=2025-03-10 |title=Collegium System in India, Meaning, Appointments, UPSC Notes |url=https://vajiramandravi.com/upsc-exam/collegium-system-and-appointments/ |access-date=2025-03-21 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Supreme Court Advocates-On-Record ... vs Union Of India on 6 October, 1993 |url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/753224/ |access-date=21 March 2025 |website=indiankanoon.org}}</ref>

Judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts enjoy security of tenure and can only be removed through a complex impeachment process requiring a two-thirds majority in both Houses of Parliament on grounds of proven misbehavior or incapacity (Article 124(4)).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Article 124(4) in Constitution of India |url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/41081345/ |access-date=21 March 2025 |website=indiankanoon.org}}</ref>