Editing Jersey City, New Jersey (section)

==Geography==
{{Wide image|Jersey City Skyline 2023 196 (cropped).jpg|1000px|Jersey City Panorama from Downtown Manhattan, March 2023}}
[[File:ISS-43 Jersey City.jpg|thumb|Satellite view of Jersey City]]

Jersey City is the [[county seat|seat]] of [[Hudson County, New Jersey|Hudson County]] and the [[List of municipalities in New Jersey|second-most-populous city in New Jersey]].<ref name="Census2010XLS"/> According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city had a total area of 21.13 square miles (54.74&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>), including 14.74 square miles (38.19&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) of land and 6.39 square miles (16.55&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) of water (30.24%).<ref name=CensusArea/><ref name=GR1/> As of the 1990 census, it had the smallest land area of the [[List of United States cities by population|100 most populous cities]] in the United States.<ref>[https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0027/tab22.txt Population of the 100 Largest Urban Places: 1990], [[United States Census Bureau]], June 15, 1998. Accessed November 27, 2011.</ref>

The city is bordered to the east by the [[Hudson River]], to the north by [[Secaucus, New Jersey|Secaucus]], [[North Bergen, New Jersey|North Bergen]], [[Union City, New Jersey|Union City]] and [[Hoboken, New Jersey|Hoboken]], to the west, across the [[Hackensack River]], by [[Kearny, New Jersey|Kearny]] and [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]], and to the south by [[Bayonne, New Jersey|Bayonne]].<ref>[https://global.mapit.mysociety.org/area/1010657/touches.html Areas touching Jersey City], MapIt. Accessed February 24, 2020.</ref><ref>[http://www.hudsoncountyregister.org/municipalities/ Municipalities] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728120100/http://www.hudsoncountyregister.org/municipalities/ |date=July 28, 2023 }}, Register of Hudson County. Accessed July 28, 2023.</ref><ref>[https://www.state.nj.us/transportation/gis/maps/polnoroads.pdf New Jersey Municipal Boundaries], [[New Jersey Department of Transportation]]. Accessed November 15, 2019.</ref>

Jersey City includes most of [[Ellis Island#Geography and access|Ellis Island]] (the parts awarded to New Jersey by the 1998 U.S. Supreme Court in the case of ''[[New Jersey v. New York]]''). [[Liberty Island]] is surrounded by Jersey City waters in the [[Upper New York Bay]]. Given its proximity and various [[rapid transit]] connections to Manhattan, Jersey City (along with Hudson County as a whole) is sometimes referred to as New York City's [[sixth borough]].<ref>Strunsky, Steve. [https://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/09/nyregion/cities-bright-lights-big-retail.html "Cities; Bright Lights, Big Retail"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', December 9, 2001. Accessed April 1, 2015. "Macy's has arrived on this former industrial shoreline. And with it, at least in retail terms, so has Jersey City.... While hardly Saks Fifth Avenue or even Neiman Marcus, Macy's is certainly the most upscale department store in this city, whose status as virtually a sixth borough of New York has become increasingly obvious as jobs jump across the Hudson, rents rise like skyscrapers and trendier residents look around for places to lighten their wallets."</ref><ref>Holusha, John. [https://www.nytimes.com/1998/10/11/realestate/commercial-property-jersey-riverfront-hudson-s-west-bank-optimistic-developers.html "Commercial Property / The Jersey Riverfront; On the Hudson's West Bank, Optimistic Developers"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', October 11, 1998. Accessed August 22, 2018. "'That simply is out of the question in midtown,' he said, adding that some formerly fringe areas in Midtown South that had previously been available were filled up as well. Given that the buildings on the New Jersey waterfront are new and equipped with the latest technology and just a few stops on the PATH trains from Manhattan, they become an attractive alternative. 'It's the sixth borough', he said."</ref><ref>Belson, Ken. [https://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/21/nyregion/21stamford.html "In Stamford, a Plan to Rebuild an Area and Build an Advantage"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', May 21, 2007. Accessed June 1, 2015.</ref>

[[File:NJ Jersey City 20191029 TM.jpg|thumb|upright|Map of Jersey City area, from [[United States Geological Survey]] (USGS)]]
Jersey City (and most of Hudson County) is located on the peninsula known as [[Bergen Neck]], with a waterfront on the east at the [[Hudson River]] and [[New York Bay]] and on the west at the [[Hackensack River]] and [[Newark Bay]]. Its north–south axis corresponds with the ridge of [[Bergen Hill]], the emergence of the [[Hudson Palisades]].<ref>{{cite book |publisher=Hagstrom Map Company, Inc |isbn=978-0-88097-763-0 |title=Hudson County New Jersey Street Map |year=2008}}</ref> The city is the site of some of the earliest European settlements in North America, which grew into each other rather than expanding from a central point.<ref>Lynch, Kevin. [https://books.google.com/books?id=_phRPWsSpAgC&pg=PA26 ''Images of the City''], p. 26. [[MIT Press]], 1960. {{ISBN|978-0-262-62001-7}}.</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Gabrielan |first=Randall |title=Jersey City in Vintage Postcards |publisher=[[Arcadia Publishing]] |year=1999 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i6R71oZI6-gC&q=Jersey+City:+In+Vintage+Postcards |isbn=978-0-7385-4954-5 }}</ref> This growth and the [[topography]] greatly influenced the development of the sections of the city and its various neighborhoods.<ref name="Grundy">{{cite book |last=Grundy |first=J. Owen |title=The History of Jersey City (1609–1976) |year=1975 |publisher=Walter E. Knight, Progress Printing Company |location=Jersey City |page=5}}</ref><ref>Lagorio, Christine. [http://www.villagevoice.com/2005-01-11/nyc-life/close-up-on-the-jersey-city-waterfront/ "Close-Up on the Jersey City Waterfront"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201042820/http://www.villagevoice.com/2005-01-11/nyc-life/close-up-on-the-jersey-city-waterfront/ |date=February 1, 2015 }}, ''[[The Village Voice]]'', January 11, 2005. Accessed August 30, 2015.</ref><ref>Staff. [https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1872/04/22/79019197.pdf "The New Jersey Suburbs How New York is Extending on the West Side of the Hudson"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', April 22, 1872. Accessed June 1, 2015.</ref>

===Neighborhoods===
The city is divided into six [[Ward (United States)|wards]].<ref name="JCwards" />

====Bergen-Lafayette====
[[File:MH-65-Statue of Liberty 120604-G-NB914-114.jpg|alt=|thumb|[[Liberty Island]] and [[Liberty State Park]]]]
[[File:AstorPlace.BergenHill.JerseyCity.jpg|thumb|Astor Place on Bergen Hill]]

[[Bergen-Lafayette, Jersey City|Bergen-Lafayette]], formerly [[Bergen City, New Jersey]], lies between Greenville to the south and [[McGinley Square]] to the north, while bordering [[Liberty State Park]] and [[Downtown Jersey City|Downtown]] to the east and the [[West Side, Jersey City|West Side]] neighborhood to the west. [[Communipaw|Communipaw Avenue]], Bergen Avenue, Martin Luther King Drive, and Ocean Avenue are main thoroughfares. The former [[Jersey City Medical Center]] complex, a cluster of [[Art Deco]] buildings on a rise in the center of the city, has been converted into residential complexes called [[Beacon, Jersey City|The Beacon]].<ref>Hampson, Rick. [https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2007-04-15-jersey-city_N.htm "Model of urban future: Jersey City?"], ''[[USA Today]]'', April 16, 2007. Accessed December 21, 2011. "This was the former Jersey City Medical Center, a cluster of Art Deco buildings on a rise in the center of the city, far from the booming waterfront. Now the medical center was becoming The Beacon condominium complex, one of the nation's largest historic renovation projects."</ref> Completed in 2016 at a cost of $38&nbsp;million, (~${{Format price|{{Inflation|index=US-GDP|value=38000000|start_year=2016}}}} in {{Inflation/year|US-GDP}}) [[Berry Lane Park]] is located along Garfield Avenue in the northern section of Bergen-Lafayette; covering {{convert|17.5|acre}}, it is the largest municipal park in Jersey City.<ref>Ojutiku, Mak. [https://www.nj.com/jjournal-news/2016/06/jersey_citys_news_38m_park_als.html "Jersey City opens new $38M Berry Lane Park"], NJ Advance Media for [[NJ.com]], June 27, 2016, updated January 16, 2019. Accessed November 13, 2019. "Mayor Steve Fulop and city officials held a grand opening ceremony Saturday for the city's first new municipal park in decades, Berry Lane Park, the largest open park owned by the city. To further commemorate the opening of the $38 million, 17.5-acre recreational area, the Bergen-Lafayette park between Garfield Avenue and Woodward Street was the location of a family day festival, which was attended by hundreds of residents on Saturday."</ref> The Jersey City Municipal Complex opened in phases at Jackson Square in the [[Jackson Hill, Jersey City|Jackson Hill]] neighborhood from 2018 to 2023.<ref name=Annex>{{cite web|url=https://www.nj.com/jjournal-news/2018/04/city_hall_annex_to_be_part_of_1.html|title=City Hall Annex at Hub in Jersey City to be part of rebranded 'Jackson Square'|publisher=The Jersey Journal|date=April 21, 2018|access-date=February 21, 2025}}</ref><ref name=PSHQ>{{cite web|url=https://www.nj.com/hudson/2023/04/jersey-city-unveils-public-safety-headquarters-will-it-boost-bergen-lafayette-neighborhood.html|title=Jersey City unveils public safety headquarters; will it boost Bergen-Lafayette neighborhood?|publisher=The Jersey Journal|date=April 11, 2023|access-date=February 21, 2025}}</ref>

====Downtown Jersey City====
[[Downtown Jersey City]] is the area from the Hudson River westward to the Newark Bay Extension of the [[New Jersey Turnpike]] ([[Interstate 78 in New Jersey|Interstate 78]]) and the [[New Jersey Palisades]]; it is also bounded by Hoboken to the north and Liberty State Park to the south.

[[File:Jersey City brownstone row houses.jpg|thumb|right|Brownstones in Van Vorst Park neighborhood]]
Historic Downtown is an area of mostly low-rise buildings to the west of the waterfront that is highly desirable due to its proximity to local amenities and Manhattan. It includes the neighborhoods of [[Van Vorst Park]] and [[Hamilton Park, Jersey City|Hamilton Park]], which are both square parks surrounded by brownstones. This historic downtown also includes [[Paulus Hook]], the Village and [[Harsimus Cove]] neighborhoods. Newark Avenue & Grove Street, are the main thoroughfares in Downtown Jersey City, both have seen a lot of development and the surrounding neighborhoods have many stores and restaurants.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://abc7ny.com/archive/8452406/ |title = 7 Blocks around Grove Street: Jersey City's downtown historic district… |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130124083727/http://abclocal.go.com/wabc/firstatfour/story?section=firstatfour&id=8452406 |archive-date=24 January 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Grove Street (PATH station)|Grove Street]] [[Port Authority Trans-Hudson|PATH]] station has been renovated and made fully ADA compliant.<ref>McDonald, Terrence T. [http://www.nj.com/hudson/index.ssf/2015/04/grove_street_path_elevator.html "Construction to begin on $4M Grove Street PATH station elevator"], ''[[The Jersey Journal]]'', April 21, 2015. Accessed March 16, 2016. "Jersey City – Construction is set to begin on a $4.04 million project to add a handicapped-accessible entrance to the Grove Street PATH station."</ref> and a number of new residential buildings are being built around the stop, including a 50-story building at 90 Columbus.<ref>McDonald, Terrence T. [http://www.nj.com/hudson/index.ssf/2015/03/jersey_city_development.html "Jersey City development boom reaching new heights"], ''[[The Jersey Journal]]'', March 13, 2015. Accessed March 16, 2016. "Later in the year, 70 Columbus – which features 545 rental units, 20,000 square feet of commercial space adjacent to the Grove Street PATH station – is expected to be completed, while construction on its sister tower, 90 Columbus, which will have 630 units in 50 stories, should begin by December."</ref> Historic Downtown is home to many cultural attractions including the Jersey City Museum, the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad Powerhouse (planned to become a museum and artist housing) and the [[Harsimus Stem Embankment]] along Sixth Street, which a citizens' movement is working to turn into public parkland that would be modeled after the [[High Line]] in [[Manhattan]].<ref>Haddon, Heather. [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10000872396390444273704577637831267327626 "Embankment Deal Stalls"], ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'', September 11, 2012. Accessed March 16, 2016. "A deal to turn an abandoned elevated railway in Jersey City into a park in the spirit of Manhattan's High Line has hit a roadblock, with one of the parties involved balking on a settlement proposed to resolve the decadelong dispute."</ref>

[[Newport, Jersey City|Newport]] and [[Exchange Place, Jersey City|Exchange Place]] are redeveloped waterfront areas consisting mostly of residential towers, hotels and office buildings that are among the [[List of tallest buildings in Jersey City|tallest buildings in the city]]. Newport is a planned mixed-use community, built on the old [[Erie Lackawanna Railway]] yards, made up of residential rental towers, condominiums, office buildings, a marina, schools, restaurants, hotels, [[Newport Centre (shopping mall)|Newport Centre Mall]], a waterfront walkway, transportation facilities, and on-site parking for more than 15,000 vehicles. Newport had a hand in the renaissance of Jersey City although, before ground was broken, much of the downtown area had already begun a steady climb (much like Hoboken).

====The Heights====
[[File:Pershing Field Park entry JC Heights jeh.JPG|thumb|[[Pershing Field]] entrance in The Heights]]
[[The Heights, Jersey City|The Heights]] or Jersey City Heights is a district in the north end of Jersey City atop the [[New Jersey Palisades]] overlooking [[Hoboken, New Jersey|Hoboken]] to the east and [[Croxton, Jersey City|Croxton]] in the [[New Jersey Meadowlands|Meadowlands]] to the west. Previously the city of [[Hudson City, New Jersey|Hudson City]], The Heights was incorporated into Jersey City in 1869.<ref name="Merger"/> The southern border of The Heights is generally considered to be north of [[Bergen Arches]] and the [[New Jersey Route 139|Covered Roadway]], while Paterson Plank Road in Washington Park is its main northern boundary. Transfer Station is just over the city line. Its postal area ZIP Code is 07307. The Heights mostly contains two- and three-family houses and low rise apartment buildings, and is similar to [[North Hudson, New Jersey|North Hudson]] architectural style and neighborhood character.<ref>[http://www.thejcra.org/index.php?p=neighborhood-details&nid=7 The Heights], Jersey City Redevelopment Agency. Accessed December 21, 2011.</ref>

==== Journal Square ====
[[Journal Square]] is a mixed-use central business district. The square was created in 1923, creating a broad intersection with [[County Route 501 (New Jersey)|Hudson Boulevard]] which itself had been widened in 1908.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.knowol.com/information/new-jersey/jersey-city-nj-historic-pictures/|title=12 vintage postcards from Jersey City's golden age|date=2017-03-31|website=KNOWOL|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-07}}</ref> Other major squares in the neighborhood are [[Bergen Square]], [[India Square]] and [[Five Corners, Jersey City|Five Corners]]. [[McGinley Square]] is located in close proximity to Journal Square, and is considered an extension of it.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hudsonreporter.com/view/full_stories_home/15071472/article-McGinley-Square-East-plan-stalls-City-to-reconsider-controversial-redevelopment-?instance=jersey_city_story_left_column|title=McGinley Square East plan stalls: City to reconsider controversial redevelopment|author=Wright, E. Assata|newspaper=[[The Hudson Reporter]]|date=August 14, 2011|archive-date=August 14, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814182734/https://hudsonreporter.com/view/full_stories_home/15071472/article-McGinley-Square-East-plan-stalls-City-to-reconsider-controversial-redevelopment-?instance=jersey_city_story_left_column}}</ref> [[Hudson County Community College]] is located throughout the neighborhood. Journal Square is currently undergoing a massive wave of economic growth and development not seen since the neighborhood was first established with more than 4,400 residential units under construction.<ref name=JSQ>{{cite web|url=https://jerseydigs.com/journal-square-jersey-city-developments/|title=Here Comes the Boom: Jersey City’s Journal Square Reaching New Heights|website=jerseydigs.com|date=June 3, 2024|access-date=February 21, 2025}}</ref>

==== Greenville ====
[[Greenville, Jersey City|Greenville]] is on the south end of Jersey City. In the 2010s, the neighborhood underwent a revitalization.<ref>[https://jerseydigs.com/gsecdcs-home-ownership-initiative-is-revitalizing-greenville/ "GSECDC's Home Ownership Initiative Is Revitalizing Greenville One Home at a Time"],. Jersey Digs, July 5, 2017.</ref> Considered an affordable neighborhood in the New York City area, a number of [[Ultra-Orthodox Jews]] and young families purchased homes and built a substantial community there, attracted by housing that costs less than half of comparable homes in New York City.<ref>[[Joseph Berger (author)|Berger, Joseph]]. [https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/02/nyregion/ultra-orthodox-jews-hasidim-new-jersey.html "Uneasy Welcome as Ultra-Orthodox Jews Extend Beyond New York"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', August 2, 2017. Accessed November 13, 2019. "Jersey City – To the gentrifying stew of bankers, artists and college graduates who are transforming this once blue-collar city across the Hudson River from Manhattan, add an unexpected flavor. In a heavily African-American neighborhood, 62 families from a number of Hasidic sects based in Brooklyn and rarely seen here have bought a scattering of faded but roomy wood-frame rowhouses whose prices are less than half what homes of similar size would cost in New York – roughly $300,000 compared with $800,000."</ref> In a [[2019 Jersey City shooting|December 2019 shooting incident]], three bystanders were killed in a kosher market in Greenville. The two assailants, who had earlier killed a police detective, were also shot and killed.<ref>Gold, Michael; and Watkins, Ali. [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/11/nyregion/jersey-city-shooting.html "Suspect in Jersey City Linked to Black Hebrew Israelite Group; The Black Hebrew Israelites have been labeled a hate group. The suspect wrote anti-Semitic and anti-police posts, an official said."], ''[[The New York Times]]'', December 11, 2019. Accessed May 5, 2020. "An assailant involved in the prolonged firefight in Jersey City, N.J., that left six people dead, including one police officer, was linked on Wednesday to the Black Hebrew Israelite movement, and had published anti-Semitic posts online, a law enforcement official said. The violent rampage on Tuesday took place largely at a kosher supermarket where three bystanders were killed.... The shootout and police siege overtook the Greenville neighborhood of gentrifying Jersey City — the second most-populous city in New Jersey, with about a quarter of a million residents."</ref>

==== West Side ====
The [[West Side, Jersey City|West Side]] borders Greenville to the south and the Hackensack River to the west; it is also bounded to the east and north by Bergen-Lafayette and the broader Journal Square area, including McGinley Square. It consists of various diverse areas on both sides of West Side Avenue, one of Jersey City's leading shopping streets.<ref name="shop districts">[http://www.jerseycityonline.com/jersey_city_shopping_districts.htm Jersey City Shopping Districts] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119143636/http://www.jerseycityonline.com/jersey_city_shopping_districts.htm |date=January 19, 2023 }}, Jersey City Online. Accessed May 21, 2023.</ref> The West Side is the home of [[New Jersey City University]] and [[Saint Peter's University]].

===Climate===
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally cool to cold winters with moderate snowfall. According to the [[Köppen climate classification]] system, Jersey City has a [[humid subtropical climate]] (closely bordering on a humid continental climate), similar to its parallel cities like [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]] and [[New York City]].<ref>[http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=933482&cityname=Jersey+City%2C+New+Jersey%2C+United+States+of+America&units= Jersey City, New Jersey Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)], Weatherbase. Accessed March 16, 2016.</ref>