Editing Jan Mayen (section)

===19th and 20th century expeditions===
[[File:Jan Mayen-Stations-en1 1.svg|thumb|upright=1.3|Map of settlements on Jan Mayen]]
[[File:Jan mayen sign hg.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|Traditional signpost with directions to civilization on Jan Mayen station]]

During the [[International Polar Year]] 1882&ndash;1883 the [[Austro-Hungarian North Pole Expedition]] stayed one year at Jan Mayen. The expedition performed extensive mapping of the area, their maps being of such quality that they were used until the 1950s. The [[Austro-Hungarian Empire|Austrian]] polar station on Jan Mayen Island was built and equipped in 1882 fully at [[Count Johann Nepomuk Wilczek|Count Wilczek's]] own expense.

[[Polar bear]]s appear on Jan Mayen,<ref>Michael Jones and Kenneth Olwig. 2008. ''Nordic Landscapes: Region and Belonging on the Northern Edge of Europe'', University of Minnesota Press, {{ISBN|0-8166-3914-0}}, {{ISBN|978-0-8166-3914-4}}</ref> although in diminished numbers compared with earlier times. Between 1900 and 1920, there were a number of Norwegian trappers spending winters on Jan Mayen, hunting [[Arctic fox]]es in addition to some polar bears. But the exploitation soon made the profits decline, and the hunting ended. Polar bears in this region of the Arctic are genetically distinguishable from those living elsewhere.<ref>
{{cite web
 |first=C. Michael 
 |last=Hogan 
 |year=2008 
 |url=http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=36084 
 |title=Polar Bear: Ursus maritimus 
 |publisher=globaltwitcher.com 
 |editor-first=N 
 |editor-last=Stromberg 
 |access-date=11 July 2012 
 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081224205716/http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=36084 
 |archive-date=24 December 2008 
}}</ref>

The [[League of Nations]] gave Norway jurisdiction over the island, and in 1921 Norway opened the first meteorological station.<ref name="Rigge">Rigge, Simon (1980), ''War in the Outposts'', pp. 24–25. Alexandria, Virginia: Time-Life Books.</ref> The Norwegian Meteorological Institute annexed the middle part of the island for Norway in 1922 and the whole island in 1926 when [[Hallvard Devold]] was head of the weather observations base on the island. On 27 February 1930, the island was made ''[[de jure]]'' a part of the Kingdom of Norway.