Editing Irish Free State (section)

==After the Irish Free State==
===1937 Constitution===
In 1937 the Fianna Fáil government presented a draft of an entirely new Constitution to Dáil Éireann. An amended version of the draft document was subsequently approved by the Dáil. A [[Adoption of the Constitution of Ireland|plebiscite]] was held on 1 July 1937, which was the same day as the [[1937 Irish general election|1937 general election]], when a relatively narrow majority approved it. The new [[Constitution of Ireland]] (''Bunreacht na hÉireann'') repealed the 1922 Constitution, and came into effect on 29 December 1937.<ref>See Donal K. Coffey, ''Drafting the Irish Constitution, 1935–1937: Transnational Influences in Interwar Europe'' (Springer, 2018) [https://books.google.com/books?id=x_RZDwAAQBAJ&dq=Ireland+1937+Constitution&pg=PR7 online].</ref>

The state was named Ireland ([[Éire]] in the [[Irish language]]), and a new office of [[President of Ireland]] was instituted in place of the Governor-General of the Irish Free State. The new constitution claimed jurisdiction over all of Ireland while recognising that legislation would not apply in Northern Ireland (see [[Articles 2 and 3 of the Constitution of Ireland|Articles 2 and 3]]). Articles 2 and 3 were [[Nineteenth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland|reworded]] in 1998 to remove jurisdictional claim over the entire island and to recognise that "a united Ireland shall be brought about only by peaceful means with the consent of a majority of the people, democratically expressed, in both jurisdictions in the island".

With regard to religion, a section of Article 44 included the following:

{{blockquote|The State recognises the special position of the Holy Catholic Apostolic and Roman Church as the guardian of the Faith professed by the great majority of the citizens. The State also recognises the [[Church of Ireland]], the [[Presbyterian Church in Ireland]], the [[Methodist Church in Ireland]], the [[Religious Society of Friends in Ireland]], as well as the [[History of the Jews in Ireland|Jewish Congregations]] and the other religious denominations existing in Ireland at the date of the coming into operation of this Constitution.}} Following a referendum, this section was [[Fifth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland|removed]] in 1973. After the setting up of the Free State in 1923, unionism in the south largely came to an end.

The 1937 Constitution saw a notable ideological slant to the changes of the framework of the State in such a way as to create one that appeared to be distinctly Irish. This was done so by implementing [[Corporatism|corporatist]] policies (based on the concepts of the Roman [[Catholic Church]], as Catholicism was perceived to be deeply imbedded with the perception of Irish identity). A clear example of this is the model of the reconstituted Seanad Éireann (the Senate), which operates based on a system of vocational panels, along with a list of appointed nominating industry bodies, a corporatist concept (seen in [[Pope Pius XI|Pope Pius XI's]] 1931 encyclical [[Quadragesimo anno]]). Furthermore, Ireland's main political parties; Fine Gael, Fianna Fáil and Labour, all had an inherently corporatist outlook.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Adshead|first=Maura|title=Ireland as a Catholic Corporatist State: A Historical Institutional Analysis of Healthcare in Ireland|date=2003|publisher=Department of Politics and Public Administration, University of Limerick|isbn=978-1-874653-74-5|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=McGinley|first=Jack|title=Neo-corporatism, New Realism and Social Partnership in Ireland 1970–1999|date=2000|publisher=Trinity College|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Allen|first=Kieran|title=Fianna Fail and Irish Labour Party: From Populism to Corporatism|date=1995|publisher=Pluto Press|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Tovey|first1=Hilary|title=A Sociology of Ireland|last2=Share|first2=Perry|date=2003|publisher=Gill & Macmillan Ltd|isbn=978-0-7171-3501-1|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Moylan|first=M. T. C.|title=Corporatist Developments in Ireland|date=1983|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=New Seanad could cause turbulence|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/new-seanad-could-cause-turbulence-1.1212104|access-date=2022-01-23|newspaper=The Irish Times|language=en}}</ref> The government was the subject of intense lobbying by leading Church figures throughout the 1930s in calling for reform of the State's framework. Much of this was reflected in the new 1937 Constitution.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Morrissey|first1=Thomas|title=The Ireland of Edward Cahill SJ 1868–1941: A Secular or a Christian State?|last2=Morrissey|first2=Thomas J.|date=2021|publisher=Messenger Publications|isbn=978-1-78812-430-0|language=en}}</ref>
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