Editing Internet Standard (section)

== Types of Internet Standards ==
There are two ways in which an Internet Standard is formed and can be categorized as one of the following: "de jure" standards and "de facto" standards.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Nickerson|last2=Muehlen|date=2006|title=The Ecology of Standards Processes: Insights from Internet Standard Making|jstor=25148769|journal=MIS Quarterly|volume=30|pages=467–488|doi=10.2307/25148769}}</ref> A de facto standard becomes a standard through widespread use within the tech community. A de jure standard is formally created by official standard-developing organizations.<ref name=":0" /> These standards undergo the [[#Standardization process|Internet Standards Process]]. Common de jure standards include [[ASCII]], [[SCSI]], and [[Internet protocol suite]].<ref name="dx.doi.org"/>

=== Internet Standard Specifications ===
Specifications subject to the Internet Standards Process can be categorized into one of the following: Technical Specification (TS) and Applicability Statement (AS).<ref name=":1">{{Cite IETF |last=Bradner|first=S.|date=October 1996|title=The Internet Standards Process -- Revision 3|doi=10.17487/rfc2026 |rfc=2026}}</ref> A Technical Specification is a statement describing all relevant aspects of a protocol, service, procedure, convention, or format.<ref name=":1" /> This includes its scope and its intent for use, or "domain of applicability". However, a TSs use within the Internet is defined by an Applicability Statement. An AS specifies how, and under what circumstances, TSs may be applied to support a particular Internet capability. An AS identifies the ways in which relevant TSs are combined and specifies the parameters or sub-functions of TS protocols. An AS also describes the domains of applicability of TSs, such as Internet routers, terminal server, or datagram-based database servers.<ref name=":1" /> An AS also applies one of the following "requirement levels" to each of the TSs to which it refers:

* Required: Implementation of the referenced TS is required to achieve interoperability. For example, Internet systems using the [[Internet protocol suite|Internet Protocol Suite]] are required to implement [[IP address|IP]] and [[Internet Control Message Protocol|ICMP]].<ref name=":1" />
* Recommended:  Implementation of the referenced TS is not required, but is desirable in the domain of applicability of the AS. Inclusion of the functions, features, and protocols of Recommended TSs in the developments of systems is encouraged. For example, the [[Telnet|TELNET]] protocol should be implemented by all systems that intend to use remote access.<ref name=":1" />
* Elective: Implementation of the referenced TS is optional. The TS is only necessary in a specific environment. For example, the DECNET MIB could be seen as valuable in an environment where the [[DECnet|DECNET]] protocol is used.<ref name=":1" />

=== Common Standards ===

==== Web Standards ====
TCP/ IP Model & associated Internet Standards
[[Web standards]] are a type of internet standard which define aspects of the [[World Wide Web]]. They allow for the building and rendering of websites. The three key standards used by the World Wide Web are [[Hypertext Transfer Protocol]], [[HTML]], and [[URL]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Comer|first=Douglas |title=Computer networks and Internets|date=2015|isbn=978-0-13-358793-7|edition=Sixth |location=Boston, MA |oclc=870649960}}</ref> Respectively, they specify the transfer of data between a browser and a web server, the content and layout of a web page, and what web page identifiers mean.

==== Network Standards ====
Network standards are a type of internet standard which defines rules for data communication in networking technologies and processes. Internet standards allow for the communication procedure of a device to or from other devices.

In reference to the TCP/IP Model, common standards and protocols in each layer are as follows:{{Cn|date=June 2023}}

* The Transport layer: [[Internet protocol suite|TCP]] and [[IPX/SPX|SPX]]
* Network layer: [[Internet protocol suite|IP]] and [[IPX]]
* Data Link layer: [[IEEE 802.3]] for LAN and [[Frame Relay]] for WAN
* Physical layer: [[Modular connector|8P8C]] and [[V.92]]