Editing Intel 8086 (section)

==Chip versions==
The clock frequency was originally limited to 5&nbsp;MHz,<ref group="note" >(IBM PC used 4.77&nbsp;MHz, 4/3 the standard NTSC [[color burst]] frequency)</ref> but the last versions in [[HMOS]] were specified for 10&nbsp;MHz. HMOS-III and [[CMOS]] versions were manufactured for a long time (at least a while into the 1990s) for [[embedded system]]s, although its successor, the [[Intel 80186|80186]]/[[Intel 80188|80188]] (which includes some on-chip peripherals), has been more popular for embedded use.

The 80C86, the CMOS version of the 8086, was used in many portable computers and embedded systems, including the [[GridPad]], [[Toshiba T1200]], [[HP 110]], and finally the 1998–1999 [[Lunar Prospector]].

For the packaging, the Intel 8086 was available both in ceramic and plastic DIP packages.

<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px">
File:Intel D8086 CS.jpg|A ceramic D8086 variant
File:Intel P8086.jpg|A plastic P8086 variant
</gallery>

===List of Intel 8086===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Model number
! Frequency
! Technology
! Temperature range
! Package
! Date of release
! Price (USD)<ref group=list2>In quantity of 100.</ref>
|-
| 8086
| 5&nbsp;MHz<ref name=Intel79>{{cite book |publisher=Intel Corporation |title=The 8086 Family User's Manual |date=October 1979 |page=B-1 |oclc=65699372}}</ref>
| HMOS
| 0&nbsp;°C to 70&nbsp;°C<ref name="Intel Preview Special Issue 1980, page 29">{{cite journal |author=Intel Corporation |title=8086 Available for industrial environment |journal=Intel Preview |issue=Special Issue: 16-Bit Solutions |date=May–June 1980 |page=29 |oclc=803251993}}</ref>
|
| June 8, 1978<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.intel.com/pressroom/kits/quickrefyr.htm|title=Intel® Microprocessor Quick Reference Guide - Year|website=www.intel.com}}</ref>
| $86.65<ref>{{cite journal |author=Intel Corporation |title=The 8086 Family: Concepts and realities |journal=Intel Preview |issue=Special Issue: 16-Bit Solutions |date=May–June 1980 |page=19 |issn=1041-8547 |oclc=10331599}}</ref>
|-
| 8086-1
| 10&nbsp;MHz
| HMOS II
| Commercial
|
|
|
|-
| 8086-2
| 8&nbsp;MHz<ref name=Intel79/>
| HMOS II
| Commercial
|
| January/February 1980<ref name=IntelPrevJan80p22>{{cite journal |author=Intel Corporation |title=New Products: Faster 8086 provides 60% more performance |journal=Intel Preview |date=January–February 1980 |page=22}}</ref>
| $200<ref name=IntelPrevJan80p22/><ref>{{cite journal |author=Intel Corporation |title=New 8086 family products boost processor performance by 50 percent |journal=Intel Preview |issue=Special Issue: 16-Bit Solutions |date=May–June 1980 |page=17}}</ref>
|-
| 8086-4
| 4&nbsp;MHz<ref name=Intel79/>
| HMOS
| Commercial
| 
| 
| $72.50<ref group=list2>Price reduced by 21% from USD $99.00, no information in quantity value listed.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Intel Corporation |title=Microcomputer Components: New price reductions and production improvements make the popular 8086 microprocessor even more attractive |journal=Intel Preview |date=May–June 1979 |page=11}}</ref>
|-
| I8086
| 5&nbsp;MHz
| HMOS
| Industrial −40&nbsp;°C to +85&nbsp;°C<ref name="Intel Preview Special Issue 1980, page 29"/>
| 
| May/June 1980<ref name="Intel Preview Special Issue 1980, page 29"/>
| $173.25<ref name="Intel Preview Special Issue 1980, page 29"/>
|-
| M8086
| 5&nbsp;MHz
| HMOS
| Military grade −55&nbsp;°C to +125&nbsp;°C<ref>{{cite book |author=Intel Corporation |title=Intel iAPX86, 88 User's manual |date=August 1981 |page=B-25 |publisher=Intel Corporation |isbn=0835930165 |oclc=8459750}}</ref>
| 
| 
| 
|-
| 80C86<ref>Intel Corporation, "NewsBit: Intel Licenses Oki on CMOS Version of Several Products", Solutions, July/August 1984, Page 1.</ref>
| 
| CMOS
| 
| 44 Pin [[Chip_carrier#Leadless|PLCC]]<ref group=list2>Sampling Q4 1985</ref><ref>Ashborn, Jim; "Advanced Packaging: A Little Goes A Long Way", Intel Corporation, Solutions, January/February 1986, Page 2</ref>
| 
| 
|}

{{reflist|group=list2}}

===Derivatives and clones===
Compatible—and, in many cases, enhanced—versions were manufactured by [[Fujitsu]],<ref>Intel Corporation, "NewsBits: Second Source News", Solutions, January/February 1985, Page 1</ref> [[Harris Corporation|Harris]]/[[Intersil]], [[Oki Electric Industry|OKI]], [[Siemens]], [[Texas Instruments]], [[NEC]], [[Mitsubishi Electric|Mitsubishi]], and [[AMD]]. For example, the [[NEC V20]] and [[NEC V30]] pair were hardware-compatible with the 8088 and 8086 even though NEC made original Intel clones μPD8088D and μPD8086D respectively, but incorporated the instruction set of the 80186 along with some (but not all) of the 80186 speed enhancements, providing a drop-in capability to upgrade both instruction set and processing speed without manufacturers having to modify their designs. Such relatively simple and low-power 8086-compatible processors in CMOS are still used in embedded systems.

The electronics industry of the [[Soviet Union]] was able to replicate the 8086 through {{citation needed-span|both [[industrial espionage]] and reverse engineering|date=October 2013}}. The resulting chip, [[K1810VM86]], was binary and pin-compatible with the 8086.

i8086 and i8088 were respectively the cores of the Soviet-made PC-compatible [[EC1831]] and [[EC1832]] desktops. (EC1831 is the EC identification of IZOT 1036C and EC1832 is the EC identification of IZOT 1037C, developed and manufactured in Bulgaria. EC stands for Единая Система.) However, the EC1831 computer (IZOT 1036C) had significant hardware differences from the IBM PC prototype. The EC1831 was the first PC-compatible computer with dynamic bus sizing (US Pat. No 4,831,514). Later some of the EC1831 principles were adopted in PS/2 (US Pat. No 5,548,786) and some other machines (UK Patent Application, Publication No. GB-A-2211325, Published June 28, 1989).

<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px">
Image:KL USSR KP1810BM86.jpg|Soviet clone [[K1810VM86]]
Image:Oki 80c86a.jpg|[[Oki Electric Industry|OKI]] M80C86A [[QFP|QFP-56]]
Image:UPD8086D-2 NEC 1984year 19week JAPAN.JPG|NEC μPD8086D-2 (8&nbsp;MHz) from the year 1984, week 19 JAPAN (clone of Intel D8086-2)
Image:KL AMD D8086.jpg|The [[AMD]] D8086
</gallery>