Editing Integrated circuit (section)

===Medium-scale integration (MSI) {{Anchor|MSI}}===
The next step in the development of integrated circuits introduced devices which contained hundreds of transistors on each chip, called "medium-scale integration" (MSI).

[[MOSFET scaling]] technology made it possible to build high-density chips.<ref name="computerhistory-transistor"/> By 1964, MOS chips had reached higher [[transistor density]] and lower manufacturing costs than [[bipolar junction transistor|bipolar]] chips.<ref name="ieee"/>

In 1964, [[Frank Wanlass]] demonstrated a single-chip 16-bit [[shift register]] he designed, with a then-incredible 120 [[MOS transistor]]s on a single chip.<ref name="forging">{{cite book | title = We were burning: Japanese entrepreneurs and the forging of the electronic age | author = Johnstone, Bob | publisher = Basic Books | year = 1999 | isbn = 978-0-465-09118-8 | pages = 47–48 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=PE1bQS9VpWoC&pg=PA47 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.eecs.umich.edu/eecs/about/articles/2007/Boysel.html| title = Making Your First Million (and other tips for aspiring entrepreneurs)| author = Boysel, Lee | date = 2007-10-12| work = U. Mich. EECS Presentation / ECE Recordings}}</ref> The same year, [[General Microelectronics]] introduced the first commercial [[MOS integrated circuit]] chip, consisting of 120 [[PMOS logic|p-channel MOS]] transistors.<ref name="computerhistory1964"/> It was a 20-bit [[shift register]], developed by Robert Norman<ref name="computerhistory-digital"/> and Frank Wanlass.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kilby |first1=J. S. |title=Miniaturized electronic circuits [US Patent No. 3,138, 743] |journal=IEEE Solid-State Circuits Society Newsletter |date=2007 |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=44–54 |doi=10.1109/N-SSC.2007.4785580 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/245509003 }}</ref><ref>{{cite patent|country=US |status=Patent |number=3138743}}</ref> MOS chips further increased in complexity at a rate predicted by [[Moore's law]], leading to chips with hundreds of [[MOSFET]]s on a chip by the late 1960s.<ref name="ieee"/>