Editing Inquisition (section)

===Spanish Inquisition===
{{Main|Spanish Inquisition|Tomás de Torquemada}}
[[File:Pedro Berruguete Saint Dominic Presiding over an Auto-da-fe 1495.jpg|thumb|[[Pedro Berruguete]], ''[[Saint Dominic|Saint Dominic Guzmán]] presiding over an Auto da fe'' (c. 1495).<ref name="Prado">[http://www.museodelprado.es/en/the-collection/online-gallery/on-line-gallery/obra/saint-dominic-presides-over-an-auto-da-fe/?no_cache=1 ''Saint Dominic Guzmán presiding over an Auto da fe''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106021810/http://www.museodelprado.es/en/the-collection/online-gallery/on-line-gallery/obra/saint-dominic-presides-over-an-auto-da-fe/?no_cache=1 |date=2013-11-06 }}, [[Prado Museum]]. Retrieved 2012-08-26</ref> (Portuguese for "Act of Faith").<ref name=secrets>{{Cite web|title=Secrets of the Spanish Inquisition Revealed|url=https://www.catholic.com/magazine/print-edition/secrets-of-the-spanish-inquisition-revealed|access-date=2020-10-04|website=Catholic Answers|archive-date=2020-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026014147/https://www.catholic.com/magazine/print-edition/secrets-of-the-spanish-inquisition-revealed|url-status=live}}</ref>]]

King [[Ferdinand II of Aragon]] and Queen [[Isabella I of Castile]] established the [[Spanish Inquisition]] in 1478 to be overseen by 14 local Tribunals. In contrast to the previous inquisitions, it operated completely under royal Christian authority, though staffed by clergy and orders, and independently of the [[Holy See]]. It operated first in Spain, then in Portugal, and eventually in most Spanish colonies and territories, which included the [[Canary Islands]], the [[Kingdom of Sicily]], and all Spanish possessions in North, Central, and South America.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Aron-Beller |first1=Katherine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sMZKDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA234 |title=The Roman Inquisition: Centre versus Peripheries |last2=Black |first2=Christopher |date=2018-01-22 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-36108-9 |page=234 |access-date=2021-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407051125/https://books.google.com/books?id=sMZKDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA234 |archive-date=2022-04-07 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Zeldes |first=N. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fRYe5dCFq4YC&pg=PA128 |title=The Former Jews of This Kingdom: Sicilian Converts After the Expulsion 1492–1516 |date=2003 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-12898-9 |page=128 |access-date=2021-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407051130/https://books.google.com/books?id=fRYe5dCFq4YC&pg=PA128 |archive-date=2022-04-07 |url-status=live}}</ref> It primarily focused upon forced converts from Islam ([[Morisco]]s, ''[[converso]]s'', and "secret Moors") and from [[Judaism]] (''conversos'', [[Crypto-Judaism|Crypto-Jews]], and [[Marrano]]s)—both groups which continued to reside in Spain and who came under suspicion of either continuing to adhere to their old religion or of having fallen back into it.

Under the [[Alhambra Decree]] of 1492, all Jews who had not converted were [[Expulsion of Jews from Spain|expelled from Spain in 1492]]. [[Tomás de Torquemada]] was chosen to be the first [[Grand Inquisitor]], to oversee the Inquisition; and it is estimated that up to 2,000 Jews were burned at the stake during the reign of Queen Isabella.(See [https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/2155-auto-da-fe Jewish Encyclopedia]). 

All [[Forced conversions of Muslims in Spain|Muslims]] were ordered to convert in different stages starting in 1507 and culminating in 1614, when Muslims who had previously converted were now expelled .<ref>''Breve historia de Isabel la Católica.'' Nowtilus, 320 pages.</ref> Those who converted or simply remained after the relevant edict became nominally and legally Catholics, and thus subject to the Inquisition.
====Inquisition in the Spanish overseas empire====
{{see also |Mexican Inquisition|Peruvian Inquisition}}

In 1569, [[King Philip II of Spain]] set up three tribunals in the Americas (each formally titled ''Tribunal del Santo Oficio de la Inquisición''): one in [[Mexican Inquisition|Mexico]], one in [[Cartagena de Indias]] (in modern-day Colombia), and one in [[Peru]]. The Mexican office administered [[Real Audiencia of Mexico|Mexico]] (central and southeastern Mexico), [[Nueva Galicia]] (northern and western Mexico), the [[Audiencia Real|Audiencia]]s of [[Guatemala]] (Guatemala, Chiapas, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica), and the [[Spanish East Indies]]. The [[Peruvian Inquisition]], based in Lima, administered all the Spanish territories in South America and [[Panama]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-02-08|title=Inquisition – Spanish, Roman & Torture|url=https://www.history.com/topics/religion/inquisition|access-date=2024-04-15|website=HISTORY}}</ref>

The Spanish Inquisition was formerly ended by proclamation on [https://www.britannica.com/question/When-did-the-Spanish-Inquisition-end July 15, 1834], by Maria Cristina de Bourbon, then queen regent of Spain, also known as [[Maria  Cristina of Naples and Sicily]].