Editing History of Timor-Leste (section)

==United Nations administration==
{{Main|United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor|United Nations Administered East Timor}}
[[File:Peter Cosgrove 2000.jpg|thumb|upright|Major General [[Peter Cosgrove]] (right) Australian commander of the United Nations backed peace keeping operation ([[INTERFET]]) to East Timor.]]
On 15 October 1999, the Indonesian [[People's Consultative Assembly]] repealed the law annexing East Timor.<ref name="Drew2001"/>{{rp|654}} The [[United Nations Administered East Timor|administration of East Timor]] was taken over by the UN through the [[United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor]] (UNTAET), established on 25 October,<ref>{{Cite web |title=UNTAET |url=https://www.un.org/peace/etimor/etimor.htm |website=UN.org |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080213015403/http://www.un.org/peace/etimor/etimor.htm |archive-date=13 February 2008}}</ref> and all remaining Indonesian forces left the territory in November.<ref name="Drew2001"/>{{rp|654}} The INTERFET deployment ended on 14 February 2000 with the transfer of military command to the UN.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.etan.org/et2000a/february/13-19/14untake.htm|title=UN takes over East Timor command|website=www.etan.org|access-date=26 August 2005|archive-date=10 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610133207/http://www.etan.org/et2000a/february/13-19/14untake.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

The scope of the UNTAET mission exceeded previous UN peacekeeping efforts.<ref name="Croissant2020"/>{{rp|207}} UNTAET exercised effective sovereignty during this period, and engaged in a [[state-building]] process to develop institutions and local capacity, in addition to handling immediate humanitarian and security needs.<ref name="Strating2018">{{cite book |last1=Strating |first1=Rebecca |title=The Post-Colonial Security Dilemma: Timor-Leste and the International Community |date=20 November 2018 |publisher=ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute |isbn=9789814818407 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3tuSDwAAQBAJ |access-date=3 July 2022 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326184358/https://books.google.com/books?id=3tuSDwAAQBAJ |url-status=live }}</ref>{{rp|2}} Tensions existed between the mandate of effective governance, and the mandate to quickly prepare the territory for democratic self-governance. Governance was strongly centralised, with less investment in local capacity. A rapid timetable and insufficient engagement with local authorities, including limited cooperation with the [[National Council of Maubere Resistance]], further limited institutional development.<ref name="Croissant2020"/>{{rp|208}} Reconstruction efforts included rebuilding the education system. For this textbooks were bought in the new official language, Portuguese, despite many teachers and students being unable to speak it.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Supit |first1=Trina |title=Rebuilding the Education Sector in East Timor during UNTAET: International Collaboration and Timorese Agency |date=7 October 2020 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781000203219 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RWr0DwAAQBAJ |chapter=Numbers on a Spreadsheet? East Timorese and the World Bank |access-date=4 August 2021 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326193708/https://books.google.com/books?id=RWr0DwAAQBAJ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Elections were held in late 2001 for a constituent assembly to draft a constitution, a task finished in February 2002. Timor-Leste became formally independent on 20 May 2002. [[Xanana Gusmão]] was sworn in as the country's president. Timor-Leste became a member of the UN on 27 September 2002.