Editing History of Christianity (section)

===Renaissance, science and technology===
[[File:Wells Cathedral Lady Chapel, Somerset, UK - Diliff.jpg|thumb|alt=example of Gothic architecture in England|[[Gothic architecture]] of the [[Lady chapel|Lady Chapel]] of [[Wells Cathedral]] in [[Somerset]], [[England]]]]
The Christian wars of [[Reconquista|reconquest]], which lasted over 200 years, had begun in Italy in 915 and in Spain in 1009 to retake territory lost to Muslims, causing fleeing Muslims in Sicily and Spain to leave behind their libraries.{{sfn|Hamilton|2003|p=37}} Between 1150 and 1200, monks searched those libraries and found the works of [[Aristotle]], [[Euclid]], and other ancient writers.{{sfn|Bauer|2013|pp=46–47}} The West's rediscovery of the complete works of Aristotle led to the [[Renaissance of the twelfth century]]. It also created conflict between faith and reason, resolved by a revolution in thought called [[scholasticism]].{{sfn|Longwell|1928|pp=210; 214; 216}}{{sfn|Matthews|Platt|1998|pp=219-220}} The scholastic writings of [[Thomas Aquinas]] impacted Catholic theology and influenced secular philosophy and law into the modern day.{{sfn|Haskins|1971|pp=4–7; 342; 345}}{{sfn|Longwell|1928|p=224}}{{sfn|Seagrave|2009|p=491}} Monks revived the scientific study of natural phenomena, which led to the [[scientific revolution]] in the West.{{sfn|Noll|2009|p=4}}{{sfn|Lindberg|Numbers|1986|pp=5; 12}}{{sfn|Gilley|2006|p=164}} There was no parallel renaissance in the East.{{sfn|Herrin|2021|p=12}}

[[Byzantine art]] exerted a powerful influence on Western art in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries.{{sfn|Weitzmann|1966|p=3}} [[Gothic architecture]], intended to inspire contemplation of the divine, began in the same centuries.{{sfn|Matthews|Platt|1998|pp=228–237}}{{sfn|Stephenson|2009|p=9}} The [[Cistercians|Cistercian movement]] was a wave of monastic reform after 1098; Cistercians became instrumental in [[Medieval technology|technological advancement in medieval Europe]].{{sfn|MacCulloch|2009|pp=376–378}}{{sfn|Hunter|1978|p=60}}{{sfn|Constable|1998|pp=4–5}}