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====California genocide==== Between 1846 and 1873, following the [[conquest of California]] by the United States, the region's [[Indigenous peoples of California|Indigenous Californian]] population plummeted from around 150,000 to around 30,000 due to disease, famine, [[Population transfer|forced removals]], slavery, and massacres. Many historians refer to the massacres as the [[California genocide]]. Between 9,500 and 16,000 California Natives were killed by both government forces and white settlers in massacres during this period.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Madley |first1=Benjamin |title=Understanding Genocide in California under United States Rule, 1846β1873 |year=2016 |journal=The Western Historical Quarterly |pages=449β461 |volume=47 |issue=4 |doi=10.1093/whq/whw176|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Madley |first1=Benjamin |title=California's Yuki Indians: Defining Genocide in Native American History |date=1 August 2008 |journal=The Western Historical Quarterly |pages=303β332 |volume=39 |issue=3 |doi=10.1093/whq/39.3.303}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Madley |first1=Benjamin |title=Patterns of frontier genocide 1803β1910: the aboriginal Tasmanians, the Yuki of California, and the Herero of Namibia |year=2004 |journal=Journal of Genocide Research |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1462352042000225930 |pages=167β192 |volume=6 |issue=2 |doi=10.1080/1462352042000225930|s2cid=145079658 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Sousa |first1=Ashley Riley |title="They will be hunted down like wild beasts and destroyed!": a comparative study of genocide in California and Tasmania |year=2004 |journal=Journal of Genocide Research |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1462352042000225949 |pages=193β209 |volume=6 |issue=2 |doi=10.1080/1462352042000225949|s2cid=109131060 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Madley |first=Benjamin |date=2016 |title=An American Genocide: The United States and the California Indian Catastrophe, 1846β1873 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ya0ODAAAQBAJ |location=New Haven |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0300181364}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Adhikari |first=Mohamed |date= 2022 |title=Destroying to Replace: Settler Genocides of Indigenous Peoples |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ht9dEAAAQBAJ |location=Indianapolis |publisher=Hackett Publishing Company |pages=72β115 |isbn=978-1647920548}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Lindsay |first=Brendan C. |date=March 2015 |title=Murder State: California's Native American Genocide, 1846β1873 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rc_4oQEACAAJ |publisher=University of Nebraska Press |isbn=978-0-8032-6966-8}}</ref> Despite the well documented evidence of the widespread massacres and atrocities, the public school curriculum and history textbooks approved by the [[California Department of Education]] ignore the history of this genocide.<ref name="ReferenceB"/> According to author Clifford Trafzer, although many historians have pushed for recognition of the genocide in public school curricula, government-approved textbooks omit mention of the genocide because of the dominance of conservative publishing companies with an ideological impetus to deny the genocide, the fear of publishing companies being branded as un-American for discussing it, and the unwillingness of state and federal government officials to acknowledge the genocide due to the possibility of having to pay reparations to indigenous communities affected by it.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
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