Editing Hindustani language (section)

==Writing system==
{{Main|Hindustani orthography|Devanagari Braille|Urdu Braille}}
[[File:Surahi in samrup rachna calligraphy.jpg|thumb|right|"Surahi" in [[Samrup Rachna]] calligraphy]]
Historically, Hindustani was written in the [[Kaithi]], Devanagari, and Urdu alphabets.<ref name="mcgregor_912"/> Kaithi and Devanagari are two of the [[Brahmic scripts]] native to India, whereas the Urdu alphabet is a derivation of the Perso-Arabic script written in [[Nastaʿlīq]], which is the preferred calligraphic style for Urdu.

Today, Hindustani continues to be written in the Urdu alphabet in Pakistan. In India, the Hindi register is officially written in Devanagari, and Urdu in the Urdu alphabet, to the extent that these standards are partly defined by their script.

However, in popular publications in India, Urdu is also written in Devanagari, with slight variations to establish a Devanagari Urdu alphabet alongside the Devanagari Hindi alphabet.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Devanagari
! {{lang|hi|अ}}
! {{lang|hi|आ}}
! {{lang|hi|इ}}
! {{lang|hi|ई}}
! {{lang|hi|उ}}
! {{lang|hi|ऊ}}
! {{lang|hi|ए}}
! {{lang|hi|ऐ}}
! {{lang|hi|ओ}}
! {{lang|hi|औ}}
|-
| {{IPA link|ə}}
| {{IPA link|aː}}
| {{IPA link|ɪ}}
| {{IPA link|iː}}
| {{IPA link|ʊ}}
| {{IPA link|uː}}
| {{IPA link|eː}}
| {{IPA link|ɛː}}
| {{IPA link|oː}}
| {{IPA link|ɔː}}
|-
! {{lang|hi|क}}
! {{lang|hi|क़}}
! {{lang|hi|ख}}
! {{lang|hi|ख़}}
! {{lang|hi|ग}}
! {{lang|hi|ग़}}
! {{lang|hi|घ}}
! {{lang|hi|ङ}}
|-
| {{IPA link|k}}
| {{IPA link|q}}
| {{IPA|kʰ}}
| {{IPA link|x}}
| {{IPA link|ɡ}}
| {{IPA link|ɣ}}
| {{IPA|ɡʱ}}
| {{IPA link|ŋ}}
|-
! {{lang|hi|च}}
! {{lang|hi|छ}}
! {{lang|hi|ज}}
! {{lang|hi|ज़}}
! {{lang|hi|झ}}
! {{lang|hi|झ़}}
! {{lang|hi|ञ}}
|-
| {{IPA link|t͡ʃ}}
| {{IPA|t͡ʃʰ}}
| {{IPA link|d͡ʒ}}
| {{IPA link|z}}
| {{IPA|d͡ʒʱ}}
| {{IPA link|ʒ}}
| {{IPA link|ɲ}}<ref>{{citation |last=Kachru |first=Yamuna |author-link=Yamuna Kachru |year=2006 |title=Hindi |publisher=John Benjamins Publishing |page=17 |isbn=90-272-3812-X}}</ref>
|-
! {{lang|hi|ट}}
! {{lang|hi|ठ}}
! {{lang|hi|ड}}
! {{lang|hi|ड़}}
! {{lang|hi|ढ}}
! {{lang|hi|ढ़}}
! {{lang|hi|ण}}
|-
| {{IPA link|ʈ}}
| {{IPA|ʈʰ}}
| {{IPA link|ɖ}}
| {{IPA link|ɽ}}
| {{IPA|ɖʱ}}
| {{IPA|ɽʱ}}
| {{IPA link|ɳ}}
|-
! {{lang|hi|त}}
! {{lang|hi|थ}}
! {{lang|hi|द}}
! {{lang|hi|ध}}
! {{lang|hi|न}}
|-
| {{IPA link|t̪|t}}
| {{IPA|tʰ}}
| {{IPA link|d̪|d}}
| {{IPA|dʱ}}
| {{IPA link|n}}
|-
! {{lang|hi|प}}
! {{lang|hi|फ}}
! {{lang|hi|फ़}}
! {{lang|hi|ब}}
! {{lang|hi|भ}}
! {{lang|hi|म}}
|-
| {{IPA link|p}}
| {{IPA|pʰ}}
| {{IPA link|f}}
| {{IPA link|b}}
| {{IPA|bʱ}}
| {{IPA link|m}}
|-
! {{lang|hi|य}}
! {{lang|hi|र}}
! {{lang|hi|ल}}
! {{lang|hi|व}}
! {{lang|hi|श}}
! {{lang|hi|ष}}
! {{lang|hi|स}}
! {{lang|hi|ह}}
|-
| {{IPA link|j}}
| {{IPA link|ɾ}}
| {{IPA link|l}}
| {{IPA link|ʋ}}
| {{IPA link|ʃ}}
| {{IPA link|ʂ}}
| {{IPA link|s}}
| {{IPA link|ɦ}}
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+Urdu alphabet
! Letter !! Name of letter !! Transliteration !! [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{nq|ا}}}} || ''alif'' || a, ā, i, or u || {{IPAslink|ə}}, {{IPAslink|aː}}, {{IPAslink|ɪ}}, or {{IPAslink|ʊ}}
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{nq|ب}}}} || ''be'' || b || {{IPAslink|b}}
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{nq|پ}}}} || ''pe'' || p || {{IPAslink|p}}
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{nq|ت}}}} || ''te'' || t || {{IPAslink|t̪|t}}
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{nq|ٹ}}}} || ''ṭe'' || ṭ || {{IPAslink|ʈ}}
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{nq|ث}}}} || ''se'' || s || {{IPAslink|s}}
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{nq|ج}}}} || ''jīm'' || j || {{IPAslink|d͡ʒ}}
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{nq|چ}}}} || ''che'' || c || {{IPAslink|t͡ʃ}}
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{nq|ح}}}} || ''baṛī he'' || h̤ || /{{IPA link|h}} ~ {{IPA link|ɦ}}/
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{nq|خ}}}} || khe || k͟h ||{{IPAslink|x}}
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{nq|د}}}} || ''dāl'' || d || {{IPAslink|d̪|d}}
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{nq|ڈ}}}} || ''ḍāl'' || ḍ || {{IPAslink|ɖ}}
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{nq|ذ}}}} || ''zāl'' || z ||{{IPAslink|z}}
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{nq|ر}}}} || ''re'' || r || /{{IPA link|r}} ~ {{IPA link|ɾ}}/
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{nq|ڑ}}}} || ''ṛe'' || ṛ || {{IPAslink|ɽ}}
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{nq|ز}}}} || ''ze'' || z || {{IPAslink|z}}
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{nq|ژ}}}} || ''zhe'' || ž || {{IPAslink|ʒ}}
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{nq|س}}}} || ''sīn'' || s || {{IPAslink|s}}
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{nq|ش}}}} || ''shīn'' || sh || {{IPAslink|ʃ}}
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{nq|ص}}}} || ''su'ād'' || s̤ ||{{IPAslink|s}}
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{nq|ض}}}} || ''zu'ād'' || ż ||{{IPAslink|z}}
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{nq|ط}}}} || ''to'e'' || t̤ || {{IPAslink|t}}
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{nq|ظ}}}} || ''zo'e'' || ẓ ||{{IPAslink|z}}
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{nq|ع}}}} || ''‘ain'' || ‘ || –
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{nq|غ}}}} || ''ghain'' || ġ ||{{IPAslink|ɣ}}
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{nq|ف}}}} || ''fe'' || f || {{IPAslink|f}}
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{nq|ق}}}} || ''qāf'' || q || {{IPAslink|q}}
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{nq|ک}}}} || ''kāf'' || k || {{IPAslink|k}}
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{nq|گ}}}} || ''gāf'' || g || {{IPAslink|ɡ}}
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{nq|ل}}}} || ''lām'' || l || {{IPAslink|l}}
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{nq|م}}}} || ''mīm'' || m || {{IPAslink|m}}
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{nq|ن}}}} || ''nūn'' || n || {{IPAslink|n}}
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{nq|ں}}}} ||''nūn ghunna'' || ṁ or m̐ || {{IPAslink|◌̃}}
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{nq|و}}}} || ''wā'o'' || w, v, ō, or ū || {{IPAslink|ʋ}}, {{IPAslink|oː}}, {{IPAslink|ɔ}} or {{IPAslink|uː}}
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{nq|ہ}}}} || ''choṭī he'' || h || /{{IPA link|h}} ~ {{IPA link|ɦ}}/
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{nq|ھ}}}} || ''do chashmī he'' || h || {{IPAslink|ʰ}} or {{IPAslink|ʱ}}
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{nq|ء}}}} || ''hamza'' || ' || {{IPAslink|ʔ}}
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{nq|ی}}}} || ''ye'' || y or ī || {{IPAslink|j}} or {{IPAslink|iː}}
|-
| {{lang|ur|{{nq|ے}}}} || ''baṛī ye'' || ai or ē || {{IPAslink|ɛː}}, or {{IPAslink|eː}}
|}

Because of [[Indian English|anglicisation]] in South Asia and the international use of the [[Latin script]], Hindustani is occasionally written in the Latin script. This adaptation is called [[Roman Urdu]] or Romanised Hindi, depending upon the register used. Since Urdu and Hindi are [[mutual intelligibility|mutually intelligible]] when spoken, Romanised Hindi and Roman Urdu (unlike Devanagari Hindi and Urdu in the Urdu alphabet) are mostly mutually intelligible as well.