Editing High-density lipoprotein (section)

=== Recreational drugs ===
HDL levels can be increased by [[smoking cessation]],<ref name=Hausenloy /> or mild to moderate [[Alcohol and cardiovascular disease|alcohol]] intake.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Baer DJ, Judd JT, Clevidence BA, Muesing RA, Campbell WS, Brown ED, Taylor PR | title = Moderate alcohol consumption lowers risk factors for cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women fed a controlled diet | journal = The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition | volume = 75 | issue = 3 | pages = 593–599 | date = Mar 2002 | pmid = 11864868 | doi=10.1093/ajcn/75.3.593| doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = van der Gaag MS, van Tol A, Vermunt SH, Scheek LM, Schaafsma G, Hendriks HF | title = Alcohol consumption stimulates early steps in reverse cholesterol transport | journal = Journal of Lipid Research | volume = 42 | issue = 12 | pages = 2077–2083 | date = Dec 2001 | doi = 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)31537-6 | pmid = 11734581 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hendriks HF, Veenstra J, van Tol A, Groener JE, Schaafsma G | title = Moderate doses of alcoholic beverages with dinner and postprandial high density lipoprotein composition | journal = Alcohol and Alcoholism | volume = 33 | issue = 4 | pages = 403–410 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9719399 | doi = 10.1093/oxfordjournals.alcalc.a008410 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Clevidence BA, Reichman ME, Judd JT, Muesing RA, Schatzkin A, Schaefer EJ, Li Z, Jenner J, Brown CC, Sunkin M | title = Effects of alcohol consumption on lipoproteins of premenopausal women. A controlled diet study | journal = Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology | volume = 15 | issue = 2 | pages = 179–184 | date = Feb 1995 | pmid = 7749823 | doi = 10.1161/01.ATV.15.2.179 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Cuvelier I, Steinmetz J, Mikstacki T, Siest G | title = Variations in total phospholipids and high-density lipoprotein phospholipids in plasma from a general population: reference intervals and influence of xenobiotics | journal = Clinical Chemistry | volume = 31 | issue = 5 | pages = 763–766 | date = May 1985 | doi = 10.1093/clinchem/31.5.763 | pmid = 3987006 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Brenn T | title = The Tromsø heart study: alcoholic beverages and coronary risk factors | journal = Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health | volume = 40 | issue = 3 | pages = 249–256 | date = Sep 1986 | pmid = 3772283 | pmc = 1052533 | doi = 10.1136/jech.40.3.249 }}</ref>

[[Cannabis (drug)|Cannabis]] in unadjusted analyses, past and current cannabis use was not associated with higher HDL-C levels.<ref name="Penner" />  A study performed in 4635 patients demonstrated no effect on the HDL-C levels (P=0.78) [the mean (standard error) HDL-C values in control subjects (never used), past users and current users were 53.4 (0.4), 53.9 (0.6) and 53.9 (0.7) mg/dL, respectively].<ref name="Penner">{{cite journal | vauthors = Penner EA, Buettner H, Mittleman MA | title = The impact of marijuana use on glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance among US adults | journal = The American Journal of Medicine | volume = 126 | issue = 7 | pages = 583–9 | date = Jul 2013 | pmid = 23684393 | doi = 10.1016/j.amjmed.2013.03.002 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

Exogenous [[anabolic androgenic steroids]], particularly [[17α-alkylated anabolic steroid]]s and others administered orally, can reduce HDL-C by 50 percent or more.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rader |first1=Daniel J. |last2=deGoma |first2=Emil M. |title=Approach to the Patient with Extremely Low HDL-Cholesterol |journal=The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism |date=October 2012 |volume=97 |issue=10 |pages=3399–3407 |doi=10.1210/jc.2012-2185 |pmid=23043194 |doi-access=free |pmc=3462950 }}</ref> Other [[androgen receptor]] agonists such as [[selective androgen receptor modulators]] can also lower HDL. As there is some evidence that the HDL reduction is caused by increased [[reverse cholesterol transport]], it is unknown if AR agonists' HDL-lowering effect is pro- or anti-[[atherogenic]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Choi |first1=Seul Min |last2=Lee |first2=Byung-Mu |title=Comparative safety evaluation of selective androgen receptor modulators and anabolic androgenic steroids |journal=Expert Opinion on Drug Safety |date=2 November 2015 |volume=14 |issue=11 |pages=1773–1785 |doi=10.1517/14740338.2015.1094052|pmid=26401842 |s2cid=8104778 }}</ref>