Editing Heilongjiang (section)

==Economy==
{{More citations needed section|date=December 2008}}

In 2022, Heilongjiang's GDP was 1.59 trillion [[Renminbi|RMB]] ($236 billion in GDP nominal), with a per capita GDP of {{CNY|51,906}} ({{US$|7,717}} in nominal).<ref name="GDPdata"/> Its primary, secondary, and tertiary industries contributed ¥360 billion (22.7%), ¥465 billion (29.2%), and ¥764 billion (48%) to GDP, respectively.<ref name="GDPdata"/>

Heilongjiang's GDP has been rising steadily since 2003, growing 37% from 2003 to 2007.{{citation needed|date=October 2024}} The value of the private economy reached RMB234 billion in 2006 and accounted for 37.6 percent of the GDP. In that year, the tax revenue from private enterprises hit RMB20.5 billion.{{citation needed|date=October 2024}}

Private enterprises in Heilongjiang led the overall economic growth of the province. Many leading private enterprises have begun to emerge.

===Agriculture===
Heilongjiang is home to China's largest plantations of [[rice]], [[maize|corn]] and [[soybeans]], with a total of {{convert|14.37|e6ha|e6acre|abbr=unit}} of grain plantation area, including {{convert|4|e6ha|e6acre|abbr=unit}} of rice plantation and {{convert|5.5|e6ha|e6acre|abbr=unit}} of corn.<ref>{{cite news |title=China Focus: "Grain barn" promotes new rice varieties for better yields |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-10/28/c_139472808.htm |access-date=31 August 2021 |agency=Xinhua |date=28 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Xinhua Headlines: China embraces bumper harvest with macro-adjusting in "grain barn" |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-10/15/c_138474111.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015164602/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-10/15/c_138474111.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 October 2019 |access-date=31 August 2021 |agency=Xinhua |date=15 October 2019}}</ref> Heilongjiang has vast tracts of black soil ([[chernozem]]), one of the most fertile soil types.<ref name="Wen Dazhong"/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Zuo |first1=Mandy |title=Illegal trade in rich black soil from Heilongjiang is robbing farmers in China's cereal food bowl of a future |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/people-culture/environment/article/3131643/illegal-trade-rich-black-soil-heilongjiang-robbing |access-date=31 August 2021 |publisher=South China Morning Post |date=21 April 2021}}</ref> Since the early 20th century, cultivation in the black soil belt has expanded by almost 100-fold, and after the 1960s agriculture in the region transformed to modern agriculture with heavy mechanization and an increase of fertilizer use.<ref name="Wen Dazhong">{{cite journal |last1=Wen |first1=Dazhong |last2=Liang |first2=Wenju |title=Soil Fertility Quality and Agricultural Sustainable Development in the Black Soil Region of Northeast China |journal=Environment, Development and Sustainability |date=2001 |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=41–43 |doi=10.1023/A:1011480228613 |bibcode=2001EDSus...3...31W |s2cid=153085940 |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1011480228613}}</ref> Heilongjiang is one of the Asia's leading production areas for [[japonica rice]], known for high quality brand rice varieties.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Park |first1=Hong |title=The formation of high-class brand rice production area and functions of farmers' cooperatives in north east China: Case study of Wuchang City, Heilongjiang Province |journal=Review of Agricultural Economics of Hokkaido University |date=2010 |issue=65 |pages=101–115 |url=https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do;?recordID=JP2010004344 |access-date=31 August 2021}}</ref><ref name="Harbin rice"/> The introduction of cold-resistant varieties, favorable policies and climate change have all contributed to a significant increase in rice production in recent years.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hu |first1=Yanan |title=Rice production and climate change in Northeast China: evidence of adaptation through land use shifts |journal=Environmental Research Letters |date=2019 |volume=14 |issue=2 |page=024014 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/aafa55 |bibcode=2019ERL....14b4014H |doi-access=free }}</ref> Commercial crops grown include [[beet]]s, [[flax]], [[sunflower]]s.<ref name="Harbin rice">{{cite web
 |url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/regional/Harbinrice.html
 |title=Harbin — the capital city of China's high-quality rice
 |date=2017-10-17
 |publisher=China Daily
 |access-date=2019-10-20}}</ref>

Heilongjiang is also an important source of lumber for China. Pine, especially the [[Korean pine]] and [[larch]] are the most important forms of lumber produced in Heilongjiang.{{citation needed|date=October 2024}} Forests are mostly found in the [[Greater Khingan Mountains]] and [[Lesser Khingan Mountains]], which are also home to protected animal species such as the [[Siberian tiger]], the [[red-crowned crane]], and the [[lynx]].{{citation needed|date=October 2024}}

Herding in Heilongjiang is centered upon horses and cattle; the province has the largest number of milk cows and the highest production of milk among all the province-level divisions of China.{{citation needed|date=October 2024}}

===Industry===
Heilongjiang is part of [[northeast China]], the country's traditional industrial base. Industry is focused upon coal, petroleum, lumber, machinery, and food.{{citation needed|date=October 2024}}  Due to its location, Heilongjiang is also an important gateway for trade with [[Russia]]. Since a wave of privatization led to the closure of uncompetitive factories in the 1990s, Manchuria has suffered from stagnation.{{citation needed|date=October 2024}} As a result, the government has started the [[Northeast Area Revitalization Plan|Revitalize Northeast China]] campaign to deal with this problem, promoting the private sectors as the preferred method of [[Chinese economic reform|economic reform]].{{citation needed|date=October 2024}}

[[Petroleum]] is of great importance in Heilongjiang, and the [[Daqing oilfields]] are an important source of [[Petroleum industry in China|petroleum for China]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Zhan |first=Jing Vivian |title=China's Contained Resource Curse: How Minerals Shape State-Capital-Labor Relations |date=2022 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-1-009-04898-9 |location=Cambridge, United Kingdom |pages=39}}</ref> Coal, gold, and [[graphite]] are other important [[Mineral exploration in China|minerals to be found]] in Heilongjiang. Heilongjiang also has great potential for [[wind power]], with potential capacity for 134 gigawatts of power production.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Zhang|first1=Yuning|last2=Tang|first2=Ningning|last3=Niu|first3=Yuguang|last4=Du|first4=Xiaoze|date=2016-12-01|title=Wind energy rejection in China: Current status, reasons and perspectives|journal=Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews|volume=66|pages=322–344|doi=10.1016/j.rser.2016.08.008|issn=1364-0321|doi-access=free|bibcode=2016RSERv..66..322Z }}</ref>

===Development zones===
* [[Daqing]] New & Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone
:Daqing New & Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone was constructed in April 1992 and was then approved as a national high-tech zone by the State Council later that year. Its initial zone area is {{cvt|208.54|km2}}, and it recently expanded the area by {{cvt|32.45|km2}}.<ref>[http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/daqing-hi-tech-industrial-development-zone/ RightSite.asia | Daqing New & Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone]</ref>
* [[Heihe]] Border Economic Cooperation Area
* [[Harbin]] Economic and Technological Development Zone
* [[Harbin]] New & Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone
:Harbin High-tech Zone was set up in 1988 and was approved by the State Council as a national development zone in 1991. It has a total area of {{cvt|34|km2}} in the centralized parks, subdivided into Nangang, Haping Road and Yingbin Road Centralized Parks. The Nangang Centralized Park is designated for the incubation of high-tech projects and research and development base of enterprises as well as tertiary industries such as finance, insurance, services, catering, tourism, culture, recreation and entertainment, where the headquarters of major well-known companies and their branches in Harbin are located; the Haping Road Centralized Park is a comprehensive industrial basis for the investment projects of automobile and automobile parts manufacturing, medicines, foodstuffs, electronics, textile; the Yingbin Road Centralized Park is mainly for high-tech incubation projects and high-tech industrial development.<ref>[http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/harbin-hi-tech-industrial-development-zone/ RightSite.asia | Harbin New & Hi-Tech Industrial Zone]</ref>
* Sino-Russia Dongning-Piurtaphca Trade Zone
:Sino-Russia Dongning-Piurtaphca Trade Zone was approved by the State Council in 2000 and was completed in 2005. The zone has a planned area of 275.4 hectares. The Chinese part of the zone has a 22-hectare trade center with four subsidiary areas, A, B, C, and D, in which more than 6,000 stalls are already set up, mainly dealing with clothes, household appliances, food, construction materials, etc.<ref>[http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/sino-russia-dongning-piurtaphca-trade-zone/ RightSite.asia | Sino-Russia Dongning-Piurtaphca Trade Zone]</ref>
* [[Suifenhe]] Border Economic Cooperation Area
:Suifenhe Border Economic Cooperation District (Suifenhe BECD) is located in the north of Suifenhe City, and borders Russia to the east. Suifenhe BECD is the largest among the three state-level border-trade zones of Heilongjiang, in terms of investor numbers. Suifenhe BECD has a convenient transport network. The Binzhou-Suifenhe Railway, which connects the Russian Far East Railway, is an important port for export. The railway distance between Suifenhe and Harbin is {{convert|548|km|abbr=on}}. Buguranikinai, the corresponding Russian port city, is {{convert|21|km|abbr=on}} away.<ref>[http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/suifenhe-border-economy-cooperation-district/ RightSite.asia | Suifenhe Border Economic Cooperation District]</ref>