Editing Gender-affirming surgery (section)

=== Medical considerations ===
Some medical conditions, including [[diabetes]], [[asthma]], and HIV, can lead to complications with future therapy and pharmacological management.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Bishop BM | title = Pharmacotherapy Considerations in the Management of Transgender Patients: A Brief Review | journal = Pharmacotherapy | volume = 35 | issue = 12 | pages = 1130–1139 | date = December 2015 | pmid = 26684553 | doi = 10.1002/phar.1668 | s2cid = 37001563 }}</ref> Typical gender-affirming surgery procedures involve complex medication regimens, including [[sex-hormone therapy]], throughout and after surgery. Typically, a patient's treatment involves a healthcare team consisting of a variety of providers including [[Endocrinology|endocrinologists]], whom the surgeon may consult when determining if the patient is physically fit for surgery.<ref name="Hage_1995">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hage JJ | title = Medical requirements and consequences of sex reassignment surgery | journal = Medicine, Science, and the Law | volume = 35 | issue = 1 | pages = 17–24 | date = January 1995 | pmid = 7877467 | doi = 10.1177/002580249503500105 | s2cid = 22752221 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Bizic MR, Jeftovic M, Pusica S, Stojanovic B, Duisin D, Vujovic S, Rakic V, Djordjevic ML | title = Gender Dysphoria: Bioethical Aspects of Medical Treatment | journal = BioMed Research International | volume = 2018 | pages = 9652305 | date = 13 June 2018 | pmid = 30009180 | pmc = 6020665 | doi = 10.1155/2018/9652305 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Health providers including pharmacists can play a role in maintaining safe and cost-effective regimens, providing patient education, and addressing other health issues including smoking cessation and weight loss.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Redfern JS, Jann MW | title = The Evolving Role of Pharmacists in Transgender Health Care | journal = Transgender Health | volume = 4 | issue = 1 | pages = 118–130 | date = April 2019 | pmid = 31289749 | pmc = 6608700 | doi = 10.1089/trgh.2018.0038 }}</ref>

People with HIV or [[hepatitis C]] may have difficulty finding a surgeon able to perform successful surgery. Many surgeons operate in small private clinics that cannot treat potential complications in these populations. Some surgeons charge higher fees for HIV and hepatitis C-positive patients; other medical professionals assert that it is unethical to deny surgical or hormonal treatments to transgender people solely on the basis of their HIV or hepatitis status.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Standards of Care | work = WPATH World Professional Association for Transgender Health |url=https://www.wpath.org/publications/soc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150814230505/http://www.wpath.org/uploaded_files/140/files/Standards%20of%20Care%2C%20V7%20Full%20Book.pdf |archive-date=14 August 2015 |access-date=23 May 2021 }}</ref>

Fertility is also a factor considered in gender-affirming surgery, as patients are typically informed that if an orchiectomy or oöphoro-hysterectomy is performed, it will make them irreversibly infertile.<ref name="Hage_1995" />