Editing Gamelan (section)

==Cultural context==
For some Indonesians, gamelan has high philosophical values, in terms of sound, roles, and the feelings of the players. Playing gamelan is not just the ability to play various musical instruments together, thus giving birth to the harmony of tones and rhythms. But also, by playing the gamelan there is a meaning that describes the system of deliberation and consensus in the midst of society, through each gamelan musical instrument. Gamelan symbolizes the spirit of cohesiveness and mutual cooperation, together, and in line. So that it gives birth to a harmonious tone in social life. In Indonesia, gamelan accompanies many cultural activities such as:

===Religious rituals===
Under the influence of the Hindu-Buddhist [[Majapahit kingdom]], gamelan was used as accompaniment in religious ceremonies with tembang (singing) and wayang performances. Even an accompaniment to a king's performance. In the [[Negarakertagama]] manuscripts written by [[Mpu Prapanca]] in the 14th century. It is said that the gamelan accompaniment was used by King [[Hayam Wuruk]] in performing a mask dance with eight young people accompanied by a song from the Queen Mother. With the collapse of the Majapahit kingdom and being replaced by the Islamic [[kingdom of Demak]] led by [[Raden Patah]], gamelan as a traditional musical instrument did not just disappear. Its function is used as a media tool for preaching Islam.

Gamelan's role in rituals is so important that there is a Javanese saying, "It is not official until the gong is hung".<ref name="B420">Broughton, 420</ref> Some performances are associated with royalty, such as visits by the [[sultan of Yogyakarta]]. Certain gamelans are associated with specific rituals, such as the ''[[Gamelan Sekaten]]'', which is used in the celebration of ''[[Mawlid an-Nabi]]'' ([[Muhammad]]'s birthday). In [[Bali]], almost all religious rituals include gamelan performance. Gamelan is also used in the ceremonies of the [[Catholicism in Indonesia|Catholic church in Indonesia]].<ref>Lindsay, 45</ref> Certain pieces are designated for starting and ending performances or ceremonies. When an "ending" piece (such as "[[Udan Mas]]") is begun, the audience will know that the event is nearly finished and will begin to leave. Certain pieces are also believed to possess magic powers and can be used to ward off evil spirits.<ref name="B420"/> The religious rituals that accompanied by gamelan such as: [[sekaten]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=UPACARA TRADISIONAL SEKATEN|url=http://dpad.jogjaprov.go.id/article/library/vieww/upacara-tradisional-sekaten-594|access-date=26 January 2021|work=Provinsi Yogyakarta|archive-date=8 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808060028/http://dpad.jogjaprov.go.id/article/library/vieww/upacara-tradisional-sekaten-594|url-status=live}}</ref> [[temple]] rituals, [[melasti]], [[galungan]], [[Ogoh-ogoh]], etc.

<gallery widths="300px" heights="200px" perrow="5" caption="Some religious rituals in Indonesia that use gamelan as an accompaniment">
Gamelan Sekaten Kanjeng Kiai Guntur Madu dalam Acara Sekaten di Yogyakarta.jpg|[[Sekaten]], Gamelan Sekaten Kanjeng Kiai Guntur Madu (One of Some Javanese Sacred Gamelan) is usually beaten every day for a week during the [[Sekaten]] celebration at the [[Keraton Yogyakarta]]. The community was very enthusiastic about listening to the strains of the heirloom gamelan, on 26 November 2017
RIBesakihZerem4.jpg|[[Galungan]], a Balinese holiday celebrating the victory of dharma over adharma in [[Besakih]] temple complex in [[Karangasem Regency|Karangasem]], [[Bali]], [[Indonesia]]
Odalan Ceremony.webm|[[Odalan]] or ''piodalan'' is temple anniversary in Bali, held usually once every 210 days, a complete cycle according to [[Balinese pawukon calendar|Balinese calendar]].
</gallery>

===Ceremonies===
Gamelan is used to accompany various traditional ceremonies in Indonesia, gamelan kodhok ngorek, gamelan monggang, gamelan carabalen, and gamelan ageng are used for important ceremonies related to kings in the Yogyakarta and Surakarta palaces such as the king's [[coronations]] ceremony, the king's birthday ceremony, the coronation anniversary, royal guest reception, baby [[birth]], marriage, death, and so on.
Outside the palace in Java, gamelan is used for [[Wedding reception]], birth ceremonies, [[circumcision]] ceremonies, rice harvesting, ruwatan ceremonies, and [[death]] ceremonies (dhukitan). The musical presentation in the dhukitan ceremony in the general public is different from that in Palace. Gendhing at dhukitan ceremonies in the palace use the kodhok ngorek gamelan instrument, only intended for the death of the king and his family and only served when the corpse departs to the cemetery. Meanwhile, gendhing offerings at duhkitan ceremonies in the general public (outside the palace environment) are usually served at the time of the death of musical artists of dance, musical puppetry, wayang orang, cultural observers, and theater using the gamelan gadhon ensemble.

<gallery widths="300px" heights="200px" perrow="5" caption="Some Indonesian traditional ceremonies that use gamelan as an accompaniment">

File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM 'Het veertig-jarig regeringsjubileum van Soesoehoenan Pakoe Boewono X van Surakarta in de stoet lopen serimpi's mee' TMnr 10001563.jpg|Tingalan Dalem Jumenengan, The 40th Royal coronations anniversary of Susoehoenan [[Pakubuwono X]] in [[Surakarta Sunanate]].
File:Ngaben di Ubud.jpg|[[Ngaben]], the Hindu funeral ceremony of [[Bali]], [[Indonesia]]. It is performed to release the soul of a dead person.
File:Pernikahan Jawa-Javanese Wedding 2011 Bennylin 21.jpg|Wedding Ceremony, [[Javanese people|Javanese]] Wedding ceremony in [[Java]]
</gallery>

===Traditional dances===
Almost all dances originating from the island of Java and Bali are accompanied by gamelan music. Gamelan gives spirit and beauty to live dance performances. The sound of the gamelan music brings dance to life and graceful to see. The main function of the gamelan as a dance accompaniment is to provide rhythm, beat, or tempo guidance. So that the selection of accompanying music must be adjusted to the rhythm and theme of the dance. Dance performance using live gamelan is a complex artistic activity. Gamelan in dance is used as an illustration or support for the atmosphere. The accompanying gamelan music must give the impression of "speaking" or communication and constitute the perfect unity between music and dance. Typically players in the gamelan will be familiar with dance moves and poetry, while dancers are able to play in the ensemble.<ref>For a discussion of dance in Central Java in [[Surakarta]], see Ganug Nugroho Adi, '[http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/05/30/dancing-mangkunegara.html Dancing at the Mangkunegara'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120616101420/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/05/30/dancing-mangkunegara.html |date=16 June 2012 }}, ''The Jakarta Post'', 30 May 2012.</ref> Some examples of famous dance include: [[bedhaya]], [[serimpi]], gambyong, [[Bambangan Cakil]], [[legong]], [[oleg tamulilingan]], [[pendet]], [[cendrawasih dance|cendrawasih]], [[Barong (mythology)|barong]], [[Baris (dance)|baris]], [[jaipong]], [[topeng]], [[Bajidor Kahot]], [[gandrung]], etc.

<gallery widths="300px" heights="200px" perrow="5" caption="Some Indonesian Traditional dance that use Gamelan as an accompaniment">

File:Legong Kraton Farewell.jpg|[[Legong]], Legong Kraton Dance (Legong of the Palace) in [[Ubud Palace]], [[Bali]], [[Indonesia]]. In the background, the Gamelan orchestra accompanies the performance, on 23 August 2008
File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Bedoyo dansvoorstelling tijdens het huwelijk van Hoesein Djajadiningrat en Partini in de kraton van Prang Wedono (Mangkoe Negoro VII) de vader van de bruid Solo TMnr 60020674.jpg|[[Bedhaya]] dance performance at the wedding of Hoesein Djajadiningrat and Partini in the palace of Prang Wedono (Mangkoe Negoro VII), the father of the bride, at [[Surakarta|Solo]], [[Java]], in January 1921
File:Jaipongan Langit Biru 01.jpg|[[Jaipong]], The [[Sundanese dance|Sundanese]] [[Jaipongan]] Langit Biru dance performance in [[West Java]] Pavilion, [[Taman Mini Indonesia Indah]], [[Jakarta]]
</gallery>

===Dance-drama performances===
Dance drama in Indonesia is a show that combines dance and drama, which tells a story with dialogue or without dialogue between the players, usually guided by a puppeteer. This show is accompanied by gamelan music and involves many players who wear a typical costume. Gamelan music as accompaniment is widely used for choreography in the form of storytelling performances, both drama, and dance drama. Gamelan music that accompanies dance drama is a combination of music whose rhythm is in accordance with the dance movements and as an illustration. Most dance-dramas use music to avoid monotony and be more varied, and for the sake of harmony between dance and music.
Ramayana Ballet is a form of Javanese dance-drama performance that does not use dialogue. Dialogue in ballet performances is replaced with gesticulation or meaningful movements, especially with attitudes, hand movements, and head. Gesticulation or meaningful movements are movements that have a visual meaning or purpose that can be used and implemented by the audiences. Some examples of dance-dramas in Indonesia are as follows: [[wayang wong]], wayang topeng, [[Ramayana Ballet]], etc.

<gallery widths="300px" heights="200px" perrow="5" caption="Some Dance drama performances that use gamelan as an accompaniment">

File:Ramayana Bali Ubud 1.jpg|Balinese Ramayana dance drama, performed in Sarasvati Garden in [[Ubud]], [[Bali]]
Duryodana dalam pertunjukan wayang wong di Semarang, Jawa Tengah.jpg|King [[Duryodana]] in Wayang wong performance in Taman Budaya Rahmat Saleh, [[Semarang]], [[Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonesia]]
File:Seni Drama Tari Ramayana.jpg|[[Ramayana Ballet]] Performance near [[Prambanan Temple]] complex in [[Yogyakarta]], [[Indonesia]]
</gallery>

===Wayang puppet performances===
Gamelan is used to accompany all puppet shows, including [[wayang kulit]], [[wayang golek]], [[Wayang|wayang klithik]], [[Wayang|wayang beber]], etc. In ''[[wayang]]'', the ''[[dhalang|dalang]]'' (puppeteer) must have a thorough knowledge of gamelan, as he gives the cues for the music. Gamelan is a complement and supporter of wayang performances, which is still favored by Indonesians. Gamelan is played to support the atmosphere that Dalang (puppet master) wants to build in a wayang performance. Gamelan, which is the music accompanying the puppet show, is played in pelog or slendro tones according to the atmosphere of the scene being played. Gamelan music supports the delivery of values in wayang performances. The type of gamelan music for puppetry is different from gamelan music for dance or ordinary musical songs.

<gallery widths="300px" heights="200px" perrow="5" caption="Some Wayang Puppet Show that use Gamelan as an accompaniment">

File:Pentas Wayang Kulit.jpg|[[Dalang (puppeteer)|Dalang]] (Puppet master), Sindhen (traditional Javanese singer), and Wiyaga (Gamelan musicians) in [[Wayang Kulit]] Show in [[Java]]
Sisi Lain Seorang Dalang.jpg|Wayang Golek Performance in [[Yogyakarta]]
KITLV 3953 - Kassian Céphas - Wayang beber performance of the desa Gelaran at the home of Dr. Wahidin Soedirohoesoedo at Yogyakarta in the middle Dr. GAJ Hazeu - Around 1902.tif|[[Wayang Beber]] performance of the desa Gelaran at the home of Dr. [[Wahidin Soedirohoesodo]] at [[Yogyakarta]] in the middle Dr. GAJ Hazeu, [[Dutch East Indies]], in 1902
</gallery>

===Traditional theatre performances===
Traditional theater, especially on the islands of [[Java]] and [[Bali]], is mostly accompanied by gamelan. Traditional theaters such as [[kethoprak]], [[ludruk]], and [[sandiwara]] are accompanied by gamelan to enliven the show. Ketoprak is a traditional theater founded in central Java. The story is usually about the life of Javanese palaces and noblemen, often about the romance of the royal family members. Ketoprak is often performed in celebrations, such as weddings, circumcision, and Independence Day. It differs from Ludruk from east Java, which uses a contemporary setting and the story of common people and their economic struggles. All the performers of ludruk are males, even the female role is played by males. While Sandiwara is a traditional theatrical drama from west Java.

<gallery widths="300px" heights="200px" perrow="5" caption="Some traditional theatre performance that use gamelan as an accompaniment">

File:Kethoprak Tobong Kelana Bhakti Budaya 1.jpg|[[Kethoprak]] (Javanese popular drama depicting legends, historical or pseudo-historical events). Performance by Kethoprak Tobong Kelana Bhakti Budaya, [[Bantul]], [[Yogyakarta]], [[Indonesia]]
File:Gedung Ludruk Irama Budaya oleh HS Sumiyani 2.jpg|[[Ludruk]] performance, [[East Java]], [[Indonesia]]
File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Toneelspelers uit het drama Sakuntala TMnr 10026810.jpg|[[Sandiwara]] performance, [[West Java]], [[Indonesia]]
</gallery>

===Singing performance===
Gamelan can be performed by itself&nbsp;– in "''klenengan''" style, or for radio broadcasts&nbsp;– and concerts presentation are common in national arts conservatories founded in the middle of the 20th century.<ref>Broughton, Simon, et al., eds. ''World Music: The Rough Guide''. London: The Rough Guides, 1994. {{ISBN|1-85828-017-6}}. Page 419–420.<!--ibid later--></ref> Gamelan is frequently played on the radio. For example, the ''[[Pakualaman|Pura Pakualaman]]'' gamelan performs live on the radio every ''Minggu Pon'' (a day in the 35-day cycle of the [[Javanese calendar]]).<ref name="B420"/> In major towns, the [[Radio Republik Indonesia]] employs professional musicians and actors, and broadcast programs of a wide variety of gamelan music and drama.<ref name="B421">Broughton, 421.</ref> In the court tradition of central [[Java]], gamelan is often played in the ''[[pendopo]]'', an open pavilion with a cavernous, double-pitched roof, no side walls, and a hard marble or tile floor. The instruments are placed on a platform to one side, which allows the sound to reverberate in the roof space and enhances the acoustics.<ref>Roth, 17</ref> Some traditional genre music is accompanied by gamelan ensemble like [[Javanese poetry]], [[tembang sunda]], [[campursari]], etc.

<gallery widths="300px" heights="200px" perrow="5" caption="Some Traditional singing performance that use gamelan as an accompaniment">

File:Ohlala sinden.jpg|[[Javanese poetry]], [[Sindhen]]s performance with a gamelan ensemble on a ceremony in [[Java]], [[Indonesia]], on 5 November 2015
File:SambaSunda Quintett in Cologne (0192).jpg|[[tembang sunda]], Sundanase singer sings Sundanese song in a festival
File:Didi Kempot.jpg|[[Campursari]] performance by Didi kempot
</gallery>

===Festival===
Many festivals are held in Indonesia, most of them using gamelan to enliven the event. Usually, gamelan is used for entertainment performances or even gamelan becomes the theme of the festival. Several gamelan festivals in Indonesia are held regularly, such as the Gamelan festival in [[Surakarta|Solo]], [[Yogyakarta]] International gamelan festival, [[Balinese people|Balinese]] art festival, and many more.

<gallery widths="300px" heights="200px" perrow="5" caption="Some Festivals in Indonesia">

Women's Gamelan Gong Kebyar Exhibition.jpg|Balinese women gamelan [[Gong Kebyar]] in Balinese Cultural Festival, [[Denpasar]], [[Bali]], [[Indonesia]], on 17 June 2013
File:Pentas Gamelan Bali.jpg|Gamelan performance at [[Borobudur]] International Performances and Art Festival 2018
File:Festival kesenian bali.jpg|Gamelan players at [[Balinese people|Balinese]] art festival 2018
</gallery>