Editing Fu Manchu (section)

=== Film ===
Dr Fu Manchu first appeared on the big screen in the British silent film series ''The Mystery of Dr Fu Manchu'' (1923) starring [[Harry Agar Lyons]], a series of 15 short feature films, each running around 20 minutes. Lyons returned to the role in ''The Further Mysteries of Dr Fu Manchu'' (1924), which comprised eight additional short feature films.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.screenonline.org.uk/film/id/503748/index.html|title=BFI Screenonline: Mystery of Dr Fu Manchu, The (1923)|work=screenonline.org.uk|access-date=2020-09-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Workman |first1=Christopher |last2=Howarth |first2=Troy |year=2016 |title=Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era |publisher=Midnight Marquee Press |page=268 |isbn=978-1936168-68-2}}.</ref>

Dr Fu Manchu made his American film debut in [[Paramount Pictures]]' early talkie ''[[The Mysterious Dr. Fu Manchu]]'' (1929) starring [[Warner Oland]], soon to be known for his portrayal of [[Charlie Chan]]. Oland repeated the role in ''[[The Return of Dr. Fu Manchu]]'' (1930) and ''[[Daughter of the Dragon]]'' (1931) as well as in the short film ''Murder Will Out'' (part of the omnibus film ''[[Paramount on Parade]]'') in which Dr. Fu Manchu confronts both [[Philo Vance]] and [[Sherlock Holmes]].<ref name="Hanke">{{Cite book|last=Hanke|first=Ken|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dnq4DgAAQBAJ&q=Dr.+Fu+Manchu+made+his+American+film+debut+in+Paramount%27s+early+talkie%2C+The+Mysterious+Dr.+Fu+Manchu+%281929%29+starring+Warner+Oland%2C+soon+to+be+known+fo&pg=PT15|title=Charlie Chan at the Movies: History, Filmography, and Criticism|date=2011-01-14|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-8661-8}}</ref>

The most controversial incarnation of the character was [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer|MGM]]'s ''[[The Mask of Fu Manchu]]'' (1932) starring [[Boris Karloff]] and [[Myrna Loy]]. At the time of its first release the film was considered racist and offensive by representatives of the [[Republic of China (1912–1949)#Government|Chinese government]]. The film was suppressed for many years, but has been released on [[DVD]] uncut.<ref name="Hanke"/>

Dr Fu Manchu returned to the serial format in [[Republic Pictures]]' ''[[Drums of Fu Manchu]]'' (1940), a 15-episode serial considered to be one of the best the studio ever made. It was later edited and released as a feature film in 1943.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mathis|first=Jack|title=Valley of the Cliffhangers Supplement|publisher=Jack Mathis Advertising|year=1995|isbn=0-9632878-1-8|pages=3, 10, 44–45}}</ref>

Other than an obscure, unauthorized Spanish spoof ''El Otro Fu Manchu'' (1946), the Devil Doctor was absent from the big screen for 25 years, until producer [[Harry Alan Towers]] began a series starring [[Christopher Lee]] in 1965. Towers and Lee made five Fu Manchu films: ''[[The Face of Fu Manchu]]'' (1965), ''[[The Brides of Fu Manchu]]'' (1966), ''[[The Vengeance of Fu Manchu]]'' (1967), ''[[The Blood of Fu Manchu]]'' (1968), and ''[[The Castle of Fu Manchu]]'' (1969).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.screenonline.org.uk/film/id/503646/index.html|title=BFI Screenonline: Face of Fu Manchu, The (1965)|work=screenonline.org.uk|access-date=2020-09-27}}</ref>

The character's last authorised film appearance was in the [[Peter Sellers]] spoof ''[[The Fiendish Plot of Dr. Fu Manchu]]'' (1980), with Sellers featured as both Dr Fu Manchu and Nayland Smith. The film bore little resemblance to any earlier film or the original books. Fu Manchu claims he was known as "Fred" at public school, a reference to the character in "The Terrible Revenge of Fred Fu Manchu", a 1955 episode of ''[[The Goon Show]]'' which had co-starred Sellers.<ref>{{cite book|last=Lewis|first=Roger |author-link=Roger Lewis (biographer) |title=The Life and Death of Peter Sellers |publisher=Random House |year=1995 |page=210}}</ref>

[[Jesús Franco]], who directed ''[[The Blood of Fu Manchu]]'' and ''[[The Castle of Fu Manchu]]'', also directed ''[[The Girl from Rio (1969 film)|The Girl from Rio]]'', the second of three [[Harry Alan Towers]] films based on Rohmer's Fu Manchu-like female character [[Sumuru]]. He later directed an unauthorized 1986 Spanish film featuring Dr Fu Manchu's daughter, ''Esclavas del Crimen''.<ref name="Hanke"/>

In the film ''[[Grindhouse (film)|Grindhouse]]'' (2007), [[Nicolas Cage]] makes an uncredited comedic cameo appearance as Dr Fu Manchu during the "trailer" for the fake film ''Werewolf Women of the SS'', directed by [[Rob Zombie]].

A [[composite character]] of [[Zheng Zu|Fu Manchu]] and [[Mandarin (character)|the Mandarin]], named [[Xu Wenwu]], appears in [[Marvel Cinematic Universe: Phase Four]] film ''[[Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings]]'', portrayed by [[Tony Leung Chiu-wai]]. The character was previously referenced in the ''Iron Man'' trilogy and ''[[All Hail the King]]''.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Outlaw |first1=Kofi |title=Shang-Chi Casting May Confirm Major Mandarin Origin Retcon in MCU |url=https://comicbook.com/marvel/2019/07/25/shang-chi-movie-origin-mandarin-father-son/ |website=comicbook.com |date=25 July 2019 |access-date=6 August 2019}}</ref> [[Xialing]], Wenwu's daughter and [[Shang-Chi (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Shang-Chi]]'s sister, was partially inspired by Fah Lo Suee.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Poisuo|first=Pauli|date=2021-08-26|title=The Untold Truth of Marvel's Xialing|url=https://www.looper.com/586522/the-untold-truth-of-marvels-xialing/|access-date=2021-09-03|website=Looper.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=S|first1=Ian|last2=well|date=2021-09-05|title=Shang-Chi's best Easter eggs and MCU references|url=https://www.digitalspy.com/movies/a37442135/shang-chi-easter-eggs-mcu-references/|access-date=2021-09-11|website=Digital Spy|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=":1" />