Editing Fox (section)

==Relationships with humans==
[[File:Sunny Fox.jpg|thumb|A [[red fox]] on the porch of a house]]
[[File:Foxes are not welcome in Carbunup.jpg|thumb|Dead foxes in [[Carbunup]]]]
Foxes are often considered pests or nuisance creatures for their opportunistic attacks on poultry and other small livestock. Fox attacks on humans are not common.<ref>Barratt, Sarah and Martin Barratt. [https://books.google.com/books?id=gJl8AwAAQBAJ&pg=PT28 Practical Quail-keeping] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129230119/https://books.google.com/books?id=gJl8AwAAQBAJ&pg=PT28#v=onepage&q&f=false |date=2023-11-29 }}. 2013.</ref>
Many foxes adapt well to human environments, with several species classified as "resident urban carnivores" for their ability to sustain populations entirely within urban boundaries.<ref name = "Iossa">Iossa, G. et al. [https://books.google.com/books?id=xYKqluO6c8UC&pg=PA283 A Taxonomic Analysis of Urban Carnivore Ecology] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130000156/https://books.google.com/books?id=xYKqluO6c8UC&pg=PA283#v=onepage&q&f=false |date=2023-11-30 }}, from ''Urban Carnivores''. Stanley Gehrt et al. eds. 2010. p.174.</ref> Foxes in urban areas can live longer and can have smaller litter sizes than foxes in non-urban areas.<ref name = "Iossa" /> Urban foxes are ubiquitous in Europe, where they show altered behaviors compared to non-urban foxes, including increased population density, smaller territory, and pack foraging.<ref>Francis, Robert and Michael Chadwick. [https://books.google.com/books?id=JVWJWKzTrJkC&pg=PA126 Urban Ecosystems] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129230223/https://books.google.com/books?id=JVWJWKzTrJkC&pg=PA126#v=onepage&q&f=false |date=2023-11-29 }} 2013. p.126.</ref> Foxes have been introduced in numerous locations, with varying effects on indigenous flora and fauna.<ref name = "Long">See generally Long, John. [https://books.google.com/books?id=7YC3cYhGMOcC&pg=PT551 Introduced Mammals of the World] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129230724/https://books.google.com/books?id=7YC3cYhGMOcC&pg=PT551#v=onepage&q&f=false |date=2023-11-29 }}. 2013.</ref>

In some countries, foxes are major predators of rabbits and hens. Population oscillations of these two species were the first nonlinear oscillation studied and led to the derivation of the [[Lotka–Volterra equation]].<ref>Sprott, Julien. [https://books.google.com/books?id=buILBDre9S4C&pg=PA89 Elegant Chaos] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129230714/https://books.google.com/books?id=buILBDre9S4C&pg=PA89#v=onepage&q&f=false |date=2023-11-29 }} 2010. p.89.</ref><ref>[[Natalia Komarova|Komarova, Natalia]]. [https://books.google.com/books?id=_PWsM_hzQjgC&pg=PA113 Axiomatic Modeling in Life Sciences] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129230729/https://books.google.com/books?id=_PWsM_hzQjgC&pg=PA113#v=onepage&q&f=false |date=2023-11-29 }}, from Mathematics and Life Sciences. Alexandra Antoniouk and Roderick Melnik, eds. pp.113–114.</ref>

===As food===
Fox meat is edible, though it is not considered a common cuisine in any country.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Roland |first1=Denise |title=Donkey snack contaminated by fox meat, fears Walmart |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/china-business/10546792/Donkey-snack-contaminated-by-fox-meat-fears-Walmart.html |access-date=17 June 2024 |work=The Telegraph |date=2 January 2014 |language=en}}</ref>

===Hunting===
{{Main|Fox hunting}}
Fox hunting originated in the United Kingdom in the 16th century. Hunting with dogs is now banned in the United Kingdom,<ref>{{cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/5109184.stm | title=Hunt campaigners lose legal bid | work=BBC News Online | date=2006-06-23 | access-date=2008-11-04 | archive-date=2008-12-11 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211191748/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/5109184.stm | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/epic/htg/6203266/David-Cameron-to-vote-against-fox-hunting-ban.html |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |title=David Cameron 'to vote against fox hunting ban' |first=Anita |last=Singh |date=2009-09-18 |access-date=2010-05-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930013856/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/epic/htg/6203266/David-Cameron-to-vote-against-fox-hunting-ban.html |archive-date=30 September 2009 }}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050307100822/http://www.nwlacs.co.uk/foxhunting.htm Fox Hunting]. North West League Against Cruel Sports Support Group. nwlacs.co.uk</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.emteconline.co.uk/rliteracy/rpersuade/foxhunt.pdf | title=Fox Hunting: For and Against | access-date=2009-12-12 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100331221254/http://www.emteconline.co.uk/rliteracy/rpersuade/foxhunt.pdf | archive-date=2010-03-31 | url-status=dead }}</ref> though hunting without dogs is still permitted. Red foxes were [[Red foxes in Australia|introduced into Australia]] in the early 19th century for sport, and have since become widespread through much of the country. They have caused population decline among many native species and prey on livestock, especially new lambs.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/invasive-species/publications/factsheet-european-red-fox-vulpes-vulpes |title=Fact Sheet: European Red Fox, Department of the Environment, Australian Government |access-date=2015-12-23 |archive-date=2015-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223141118/http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/invasive-species/publications/factsheet-european-red-fox-vulpes-vulpes |url-status=live }}</ref> Fox hunting is practiced as recreation in several other countries including Canada, France, Ireland, Italy, Russia, United States and Australia.

===Domestication===
[[File:A tame fox cub at home with Mr and Mrs Gordon Jones, Talysarn (4478261667).jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|A tame fox in [[Talysarn]], Wales]]
{{see also|Domesticated silver fox|Red fox#Taming and domestication}}
There are many records of [[Red fox#Taming and domestication|domesticated red foxes]] and others, but rarely of sustained domestication. A recent and notable exception is the [[Domesticated red fox|Russian silver fox]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://redhotrussia.com/domestic-foxes-novosibirsk/|title=The most affectionate foxes are bred in Novosibirsk|publisher=Redhotrussia|access-date=2014-04-08|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130118001034/http://redhotrussia.com/domestic-foxes-novosibirsk/|archive-date=January 18, 2013}}</ref> which resulted in visible and behavioral changes, and is a case study of an animal population modeling according to human domestication needs. The current group of domesticated silver foxes are the result of nearly fifty years of experiments in the Soviet Union and Russia to [[de novo domestication|''de novo'' domesticate]] the silver morph of the red fox. This selective breeding resulted in physical and behavioral traits appearing that are frequently seen in domestic cats, dogs, and other animals, such as pigmentation changes, floppy ears, and curly tails.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.floridalupine.org/publications/PDF/trut-fox-study.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030313011550/http://floridalupine.org/publications/PDF/trut-fox-study.pdf |archive-date=2003-03-13 |url-status=live|first=Lyudmila N.|last=Trut|title=Early Canid Domestication: The Fox Farm Experiment|journal=American Scientist|volume=87|issue=2|pages=160|year=1999|doi=10.1511/1999.2.160|bibcode=1999AmSci..87.....T}}</ref> Notably, the new foxes became more tame, allowing themselves to be petted, whimpering to get attention and sniffing and licking their caretakers.<ref name=mason>Kenneth Mason, Jonathan Losos, Susan Singer, Peter Raven, George Johnson(2011)''Biology Ninth Edition'', p. 423. McGraw-Hill, New York.{{ISBN|978-0-07-353222-6}}.</ref>

===Urban settings===
{{see also|Red fox#Urban red foxes}}
Foxes are among the comparatively few mammals which have been able to adapt themselves to a certain degree to living in urban (mostly suburban) human environments. Their omnivorous diet allows them to survive on discarded [[food waste]], and their skittish and often nocturnal nature means that they are often able to avoid detection, despite their larger size.

Urban foxes have been identified as threats to cats and small dogs, and for this reason there is often pressure to exclude them from these environments.<ref name="Adams2012">{{cite book|author=Clark E. Adams|title=Urban Wildlife Management, Second Edition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D0X7CAAAQBAJ|date=15 June 2012|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-1-4665-2127-8|page=168|access-date=24 September 2018|archive-date=29 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129230635/https://books.google.com/books?id=D0X7CAAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[San Joaquin kit fox]] is a highly endangered species that has, ironically, become adapted to urban living in the [[San Joaquin Valley]] and [[Salinas Valley]] of southern California. Its diet includes mice, ground squirrels, rabbits, hares, bird eggs, and insects, and it has claimed habitats in open areas, golf courses, drainage basins, and school grounds.<ref name="Adams2012"/>

Though rare, bites by foxes have been reported; in 2018, a woman in [[Clapham|Clapham, London]] was bitten on the arm by a fox after she had left the door to her flat open.<ref name="EveningStandard2018">{{cite news |last1=Dunne |first1=John |last2=Moore-Bridger |first2=Benedict |last3=Powell |first3=Tom |title=Woman mauled in bed by fox in Clapham flat: I'm traumatised and feared I would contract rabies |newspaper=[[Evening Standard]] |location=London |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/woman-mauled-in-bed-by-fox-im-traumatised-and-fear-i-would-contract-rabies-a3868586.html |date=2018-06-21 |access-date=2018-06-22 |archive-date=2018-06-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622171852/https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/woman-mauled-in-bed-by-fox-im-traumatised-and-fear-i-would-contract-rabies-a3868586.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

===In popular culture===
[[File:Gilt silver plate in shape of two peaches.jpg|thumb|Plate in the shape of two peaches depicting two foxes, [[Tang dynasty]]]]
{{Main|Foxes in popular culture, films and literature}}

The fox appears in many cultures, usually in [[folklore]]. There are slight variations in their depictions. In European, Persian, East Asian, and Native American folklore, foxes are symbols of cunning and [[trickery]]—a reputation derived especially from their reputed ability to evade hunters. This is usually represented as a character possessing these traits. These traits are used on a wide variety of characters, either making them a nuisance to the story, a misunderstood hero, or a devious villain.

In East Asian folklore, foxes are depicted as [[familiar spirit]]s possessing magic powers. Similar to in the folklore of other regions, foxes are portrayed as mischievous, usually tricking other people, with the ability to [[Human guise|disguise as an attractive female human]]. Others depict them as mystical, sacred creatures who can bring wonder or ruin.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Uther|first1=Hans-Jörg|title=The Fox in World Literature: Reflections on a "Fictional Animal"|journal=Asian Folklore Studies|date=2006|volume=65|issue=2|pages=133–160|jstor=30030396}}</ref> [[fox spirit|Nine-tailed fox]]es appear in Chinese folklore, literature, and mythology, in which, depending on the tale, they can be a good or a bad omen.<ref>{{cite book|last=Kang|first=Xiaofei|title=The cult of the fox: Power, gender, and popular religion in late imperial and modern China|date=2006|publisher=Columbia University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0-231-13338-8|pages=15–21}}</ref> The motif was eventually introduced from Chinese to Japanese and Korean cultures.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wallen|first=Martin|title=Fox|date=2006|publisher=[[Reaktion Books]]|location=London|isbn=9781861892973|pages=69–70}}</ref>

The constellation [[Vulpecula]] represents a fox.