Editing Foreign relations of Russia (section)

=== Asia ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:11%;"| Formal relations began
! style="width:74%;"| Notes
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|{{flag|Afghanistan}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Afghanistan–Russia relations]]
Afghanistan and Russia have shared a highly varied relationship from the mid-19th century to the modern day. For decades, Russia and Britain struggled for influence in Afghanistan, strategically positioned between their two empires, in what became known as "[[The Great Game]]". Following the 1917 [[Bolshevik Revolution]], the new Soviet Union established more cordial relations with Afghanistan, and in 1919 became the first country to recognise Afghan sovereignty.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}}

Relations between the two nations became complicated following the 1978 communist coup known as the [[Saur Revolution]]. The new communist [[Democratic Republic of Afghanistan]] was highly dependent on the Soviet Union, and the Soviet support for the widely disliked communist regime, and the ensuing [[Soviet–Afghan War]], led to a great hatred for the Soviets in much of the Afghan population. The Soviets occupied Afghanistan in the face of a bitter ten-year insurgency before withdrawing in 1989. Even following the withdrawal of Soviet forces, the Soviet Union provided massive support to the embattled DRA government, reaching a value of $3 billion a year in 1990. However, this relationship dissolved in 1991 along with the [[dissolution of the Soviet Union]] itself. On 13 September 1991, the Soviet government, now dominated by Boris Yeltsin, agreed with the United States on a mutual cut off of military aid to both sides in the Afghan civil war beginning on 1 January 1992.  The post-coup Soviet government then attempted to develop political relations with the Afghan resistance. In mid-November it invited a delegation of the resistance's Afghanistan Interim Government (AIG) to Moscow where the Soviets agreed that a transitional government should prepare Afghanistan for national elections. The Soviets did not insist that Najibullah or his colleagues participate in the transitional process. Having been cut adrift both materially and politically, Najibullah's faction torn government began to fall apart, and the city of Kabul fell to the Mujahideen factions in April 1992.

In 2009, Russian President [[Dmitry Medvedev]] announced that he wanted to be more involved in Afghanistan, supporting development of infrastructure and the army. This came as relations between Afghan President Karzai and American President Obama reached a low.

On 9 April 2022, the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs accredited [[Taliban]] appointee [[Jamal Nasir Gharwal]] as [[charge d'affaires]] of the [[Ponizovsky House|Afghan Embassy in Moscow]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Russia Latest Country to Establish Diplomatic Ties With Taliban |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/russia-latest-country-to-establish-diplomatic-ties-with-taliban/6521949.html |access-date=25 April 2022 |work=[[Voice of America]] |date=9 April 2022}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Armenia}}||<!--start date --> {{dts|format=dmy|1992|04|03}}
||See [[Armenia–Russia relations]]
Armenia's most notable recent foreign policy success came with 29 August treaty with Russia on friendship, cooperation and mutual assistance, in which Moscow committed itself to the defense of Armenia should it be attacked by a third party. Russia is the key regional security player, and has proved a valuable historical ally for Armenia. Although it appeared as a response to Aliyev's US trip, the treaty had probably long been under development. However, it is clear from the wider context of Armenian foreign policy that—while Yerevan welcomes the Russian security guarantee—the country does not want to rely exclusively on Moscow, nor to become part of a confrontation between Russian and US-led alliances in the Transcaucasus.
* Armenia has an embassy in [[Moscow]] and general consulates in [[Rostov-on-Don]] and [[Saint Petersburg]] and honorary consulates in [[Kaliningrad]] and [[Sochi]].
* Russia has an embassy in Yerevan and general consulate in [[Gyumri]].
* Russia recognized the Armenian Genocide in 1995.
* Armenia joined the Russian-led [[Eurasian Economic Union]] in 2015.
* It is estimated that there are between 2,500,000 and 2,900,000 Armenians in Russia.
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|{{flag|Azerbaijan}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1992|04|04}}
||See [[Azerbaijan–Russia relations]]
* Russia has an embassy in [[Baku]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://embrus-az.com/biografiya.html|title=Посол Российской Федерации в Азербайджанской Республике » Посольство Российской Федерации в Азербайджанской Республике|access-date=20 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208205800/http://embrus-az.com/biografiya.html|archive-date=8 February 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Azerbaijan has an [[Embassy of Azerbaijan in Moscow|embassy in Moscow]] and consulate-general in [[Saint Petersburg]]. Azerbaijan also announced that it will open another consulate-general in [[Yekaterinburg]].
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|{{flag|Bahrain}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Bahrain–Russia relations]]
Russia has an [[embassy]] in [[Manama]], and Bahrain has an embassy in Moscow.
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|{{flag|Bangladesh}}||{{dts|1971}}||<!--Date started-->|See [[Bangladesh–Russia relations]]
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|{{flag|Cambodia}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1956|05|13}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.embrusscambodia.mid.ru/dip-policy-e.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091019051148/http://www.embrusscambodia.mid.ru/dip-policy-e.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 October 2009 |title=Political Relations / Embassy of the Russian Federation in the Kingdom of Cambodia |access-date=2 January 2019}}</ref>||See [[Cambodia–Russia relations]]
* The relations between both countries were strong since the [[Soviet Union|Soviet era]].
* Russia has an embassy in [[Phnom Penh]].
* Cambodia has an embassy in [[Moscow]].
* Both countries are full members of the [[East Asia Summit]].
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|{{flag|China}}||1949<!--Date started-->||See [[Sino-Russian relations since 1991|China–Russia relations]]
* China has an embassy in Moscow and consulates-general in [[Irkutsk]], [[Kazan]], [[Khabarovsk]], [[Saint Petersburg]], [[Vladivostok]] and [[Yekaterinburg]].
* Russia has an embassy in [[Beijing]] and consulates-general in [[Guangzhou]], [[Hong Kong]], [[Shanghai]] and [[Shenyang]].
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|{{flag|Georgia}}<ref>Has recognized [[International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia|Abkhazia and South Ossetia independence]]</ref>||{{dts|format=dmy|1992|7|1}} (Suspended {{dts|format=dmy|2008|9|2}})<ref name="mfa.gov.ge" />||See [[Georgia–Russia relations]]

On 29 August 2008, in the aftermath of the [[2008 South Ossetia war]], Deputy Foreign Minister [[Grigol Vashadze]] announced that Georgia had broken diplomatic relations with Russia. He also said that Russian diplomats must leave Georgia, and that no Georgian diplomat would remain in Russia, while only consular relations would be maintained. Russian foreign ministry spokesman Andrei Nesterenko said that Russia regretted this step.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5g8JIulsM3ioTtotqyf621zaYjwwg|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081107093623/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5g8JIulsM3ioTtotqyf621zaYjwwg|url-status=dead|title=Georgia breaks relations with Russia|archive-date=7 November 2008}}</ref>
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|{{flag|India}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[India–Russia relations]]
During the [[Cold War]], [[Indo–Russia relations#India and the Soviet Union|India and the Soviet Union]] enjoyed a strong strategic, military, economic and diplomatic relationship. After the collapse of the USSR, India improved its relations with the West but it continued its close relations with Russia. India is the second-largest market for the Russian arms industry. In 2004, more than 70% of the [[Indian Armed Forces|Indian Military]]'s hardware came from Russia, making Russia the chief supplier of arms.<ref>[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/2004/01/mil-040119-3ae77eaf.htm VOA News Report]. Globalsecurity.org (19 January 2004). Retrieved 12 November 2011.</ref> Since 2000 and the visit of [[Vladimir Putin]] in India, there has been an Indo-Russian Strategic Partnership also referred as ''' "special and privileged strategic partnership" '''.
* India has an [[Embassy of India in Moscow|embassy in Moscow]]<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.indianembassy.ru/| title = Embassy of India in Russia}}</ref> and two consulates-general (in [[Saint Petersburg]] and [[Vladivostok]]).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indianconsulate.ru/ |title=Indian Consulate in St. Petersburg |access-date=7 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307042835/http://indianconsulate.ru/ |archive-date=7 March 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indianembassy.ru/index.php/en/consulates/vladivostok|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326054404/http://www.indianembassy.ru/index.php/en/consulates/vladivostok|url-status=dead|title=Indian Consulate in Vladivostok|archive-date=26 March 2015}}</ref>
* Russia has an embassy in [[New Delhi]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://rusembindia.com/ |title=Embassy of Russia in India |access-date=7 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015234710/http://rusembindia.com/ |archive-date=15 October 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and six consulates-general (in [[Chennai]], [[Goa]], [[Hyderabad]], [[Kolkata]], [[Mumbai]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://rusembindia.com/visas-consular-services-en/consular-districts-and-visa-application-centers |title=Russian diplomatic centers in India |access-date=7 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015234710/http://rusembindia.com/visas-consular-services-en/consular-districts-and-visa-application-centers |archive-date=15 October 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Indonesia}}|| {{dts|format=dmy|1950|02}} || See [[Indonesia–Russia relations]]
Russia is represented in Indonesia especially an embassy in [[Jakarta]]. Russian ambassador to Indonesia Ludmilla Georgievna serves as the first female Russian ambassador to Indonesia, since 2018.

[[File:Vladimir Putin with Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono-3.jpg|thumb|239x239px|[[Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono|Yudhoyono]] meeting Russian president [[Vladimir Putin]] to sign a defense deal in Jakarta, September 2007.]]

The Soviet Union established diplomatic relations with Indonesia in 1950 and was one of the very few countries to recognize Indonesia's independence from the Netherlands after World War II.

Early in the Cold War, both countries had very strong relations, with Indonesian president Sukarno visiting Moscow and Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev visiting Jakarta. When Sukarno was overthrown by General Suharto, relations between the two states were significantly deteriorated, likely due to Indonesia's enforced anti-communist policy under Suharto following the [[30 September Movement|1965 unrest]].

Relations between the Soviet Union and Indonesia grew tense for 20 years, but a thaw began when Gorbachev came to power. However, unlike the relations with China during Suharto's rule, the diplomatic relations were not suspended and remained intact. Indonesia's negative views of the Soviet Union had significantly increased following the 1979 Soviet-Afghan War, with many Indonesians claiming it as a "communist crime against Muslims". During this time, Indonesia is also one of many countries that boycotted the [[1980 Summer Olympics|1980 Moscow Olympics]].

Indonesian President Suharto visited the Soviet Union in September 1989 for the first time since taking power more than two decades prior. Official talks between Suharto and Soviet leader [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] taking place in the Kremlin. The USSR under Gorbachev began to develop closer ties with Indonesia alongside other Southeast Asian countries, and relations between the two states were improving once again since the formation of the modern-day Russian Federation. Under Boris Yeltsin and later Vladimir Putin, relations were generally stable and continued to the present day.
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|{{flag|Iran}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Iran–Russia relations]]
[[File:Vladimir Putin and Ali Khamenei (2018-09-07) 01.jpg|250px|right|upright=1.2]]
Relations between Russia and [[Persia]] (pre-1935 Iran) have a long history, as they officially commenced in 1521 with the [[Safavid]]s in power. Past and present contact between Russia and Iran has always been complicated and multi-faceted, often wavering between collaboration and rivalry. The two nations have a long history of geographic, economic, and socio-political interaction. Their mutual relations have often been turbulent, and dormant at other times. Since 2019 however, their relationship has drastically improved and Russia and Iran are now strategic allies and form an axis in the [[Caucasus]] alongside Armenia. Iran has its embassy in [[Moscow]] and consulate generals in the cities of [[Kazan]] and [[Astrakhan]]. Russia has its embassy in [[Tehran]], and consulate generals in the cities of [[Rasht]] and [[Isfahan]].
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|{{flag|Iraq}}||9 September 1944<!-- start date -->||See [[Iraq–Russia relations]]
* The [[Soviet Union]] established [[diplomatic relations]] with the [[Kingdom of Iraq]] on 9 September 1944.<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ru:Российско-иракские отношения|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation]]|date=26 May 2008|url=http://www.mid.ru/ns-rasia.nsf/1083b7937ae580ae432569e7004199c2/6b6d8c7dfa1002eac32571950025525a?OpenDocument|access-date=27 January 2009|language=ru}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Israel}}||17 May 1948<!-- start date -->||See [[Israel–Russia relations]] and [[Russian language in Israel]]
* in November 1947, the [[Soviet Union]], together with the other [[Soviet bloc]] countries voted in favor of the [[United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine]],<ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Peace%20Process/Guide%20to%20the%20Peace%20Process/UN%20General%20Assembly%20Resolution%20181 UN General Assembly Resolution 181] Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs</ref> which paved the way for the creation of the State of Israel. On 17 May 1948, three days after [[Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel, May 14, 1948|Israel declared its independence]], the Soviet Union officially granted ''[[de jure]]'' recognition of Israel,<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://www.jstor.org/pss/2193961 | jstor=2193961 | last1=Brown | first1=Philip Marshall | title=The Recognition of Israel | journal=The American Journal of International Law | date=1948 | volume=42 | issue=3 | pages=620–627 | doi=10.2307/2193961 | s2cid=147342045}}</ref> becoming the second country to recognise the Jewish state (preceded by the United States' ''de facto'' recognition) and the first country to grant Israel ''de jure'' recognition.
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|{{flag|Japan}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1855|2|7}}||See [[Japan–Russia relations]] or [[Japan–Soviet Union relations]]

Japan's relations with [[Russia]] are hampered by the two sides' inability to resolve their territorial dispute over the four islands that make up the [[Kuril Island conflict|Northern Territories]] ([[Kuril Islands|Kuriles]]), which the Soviet Union seized towards the end of [[World War II]]. The stalemate has prevented conclusion of a peace treaty formally ending the war. The dispute over the Kuril Islands exacerbated the Japan–Russo relations when the Japanese government published a new guideline for school textbooks on 16 July 2008 to teach Japanese children that their country has sovereignty over the Kuril Islands. The Russian public was outraged by the action. the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia)|Foreign Minister of Russia]] criticized the action while reaffirming its sovereignty over the islands.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090201154514/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-07/19/content_8571164.htm Russia hopes to solve territorial dispute with Japan by strengthening trust], [[Xinhua News Agency]]. Retrieved 19 July 2008</ref>
* Japan has an embassy in Moscow and consulates-general in [[Khabarovsk]], [[Saint Petersburg]], [[Vladivostok]] and [[Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk]].
* Russia has an embassy in [[Tokyo]] and consulates-general in [[Niigata, Niigata|Niigata]], [[Osaka]] and [[Sapporo]].
* Japan is on Russia's [[Unfriendly countries list|list of unfriendly countries]]
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|{{flag|Jordan}}||20 August 1963<!--Date started-->||See [[Jordan–Russia relations]]
Russia has an embassy in Amman, while Jordan has an embassy in [[Moscow]]. Both countries had established diplomatic relations on 20 August 1963.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jordan.mid.ru/ |title=Embassy of Russia in Amman |access-date=7 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090413230714/http://www.jordan.mid.ru/ |archive-date=13 April 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Kazakhstan}}||<!-- start date -->|| See [[Kazakhstan–Russia relations]]

Kazakhstan has an [[Embassy of Kazakhstan in Moscow|embassy in Moscow]], consulate-general in Saint Petersburg, [[Astrakhan]] and [[Omsk]]. Russia has an [[Embassy of Russia in Astana|embassy in Astana]] and consulates in [[Almaty]] and [[Uralsk]].

Diplomatic relations between Russia and Kazakhstan have fluctuated since the fall of the [[Soviet Union]] but both nations remain particularly strong partners in regional affairs and major supporters of the [[Collective Security Treaty Organization]], [[Shanghai Cooperation Organisation]] and [[Eurasian Economic Union]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Russia's Relations with Kazakhstan: Rethinking Ex-Soviet Transitions in the Emerging World System|last=Zabortseva|first=Yelena Nikolayevna|publisher=Routledge|year=2016|isbn=978-1-315-66872-7|location=London-New York}}</ref> Kazakhstani-Russian relations have been strained at times by Astana's military and economic cooperation with the United States as well as negotiations over Russia's continued use of the Baikonur Cosmodrome, however the two nations retain high-level military and economic cooperation perhaps second among former Soviet states only to that between Russia and Belarus.  Kazakhstan sells oil and gas to Russia at a significantly reduced rate and Russian businesses are heavily invested in Kazakhstan's economy.
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|{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Kyrgyzstan–Russia relations]]
Whereas the other [[Central Asia]]n [[republic]]s have sometimes complained of Russian interference, Kyrgyzstan has more often wished for more attention and support from Moscow than it has been able to obtain. For all the financial support that the world community has offered, Kyrgyzstan remains economically dependent on Russia, both directly and through [[Kazakhstan]]. In early 1995, [[Askar Akayev]], the then [[President of Kyrgyzstan]], attempted to sell Russian companies controlling shares in the republic's twenty-nine largest industrial plants, an offer that Russia refused.<ref>Martha Brill Olcott. "Russia". [http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/kgtoc.html ''Kyrgyzstan: a country study''] (Glenn E. Curtis, editor). [[Library of Congress]] [[Federal Research Division]] (March 1996). ''This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.''</ref>
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|{{flag|Laos}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Laos–Russia relations]]
* Laos has an [[Embassy of Laos in Moscow|embassy in Moscow]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.laoembassy.ru/ |title=LAO EMBASSY TO THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION |access-date=21 February 2015}}{{dead link|date=March 2016}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
* Russia has an embassy in [[Vientiane]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.laos.mid.ru/|title=Главная - Министерство иностранных дел Российской Федерации|access-date=21 February 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221194931/http://laos.mid.ru//|archive-date=21 February 2015}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Lebanon}}||<!--Date started--> ||See [[Lebanon–Russia relations]]

*The "Artillery Square" in Beirut witnessed battles involving the Russian naval forces that were brought to the port of "St. George" to fight alongside the people who rose up against the Turkish rule. That was in 1773. What was the uprising of the people at that time as resistance to the "Ottoman occupation". The naval forces set up their artillery at Beirut Square, which still bears the name "Artillery Square" and buried its soldiers who fought the Turks with the Lebanese soldiers in the cemetery of the Orthodox Church of St.Meter in Achrafieh.
*Diplomatic relations between the two countries began even before the Lebanese independence. In 1839, Russia opened its first consulate in Beirut.
*The Soviet Union established diplomatic relations with Lebanon on 3 August 1944. Over the years, the two countries signed several agreements, including an agreement on trade and payments (30 April 1954 and 16 July 1970), on air traffic (8 February 1966), on cooperation in the tourism industry (8 June 1970), on procedures for forwarding of diplomatic mail without the escort of diplomatic couriers (2 February 1962, and 15–22 February 1971)
*At 1946, the Soviet Union, the first country in the world for the first time in the history of the UN veto-wielding to support Lebanon and Syria's total independence.
* Lebanon has an embassy in [[Moscow]].
* Russia has an embassy in Beirut.
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|{{flag|Malaysia}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1967|04|03}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://malaysia.mid.ru/web/malaysia-en/russian-malaysian-relations|title=Russian-Malaysian Relations|publisher=Embassy of the Russian Federation in Malaysia|access-date=29 December 2017|archive-date=29 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229232303/https://malaysia.mid.ru/web/malaysia-en/russian-malaysian-relations|url-status=dead}}</ref>||See [[Malaysia–Russia relations]]

Russia has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur,<ref>{{cite web |script-title=ru:Малайзия |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia]] |url=http://www.ln.mid.ru/zu_r.nsf/e0f3cd1a55ff248dc32571e7003f460b/7411f12005998158c32565e8003604b0?OpenDocument |access-date=16 May 2008 |language=ru |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614170455/http://www.ln.mid.ru/zu_r.nsf/e0f3cd1a55ff248dc32571e7003f460b/7411f12005998158c32565e8003604b0?OpenDocument |archive-date=14 June 2011}}</ref> and Malaysia has an [[Embassy of Malaysia in Moscow|embassy in Moscow]].<ref>{{cite web |title = Welcome to the Official Website of Embassy of Malaysia, Moscow |publisher = Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Malaysia |url = http://www.kln.gov.my/perwakilan/moscow |access-date = 16 May 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090207210955/http://www.kln.gov.my/perwakilan/moscow |archive-date = 7 February 2009 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Mongolia}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1921|11|05}}<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2190792 |last=Nemzer |first=Louis |title=The Status of Outer Mongolia in International Law. |journal=The American Journal of International Law |volume=33 |number=3 |year=1939 |pages=452–64 |access-date=16 December 2020 |doi=10.2307/2190792|jstor=2190792}}{{rp|457}}</ref>||See [[Mongolia–Russia relations]]
Relations between [[Mongolia]] and the [[Russian Federation]] have been traditionally strong since the [[Communist]] era, when [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Soviet Russia]] was the closest ally of the [[Mongolian People's Republic]]. Russia has an [[embassy]] in [[Ulaanbaatar]] and two consulate generals (in [[Darkhan (city)|Darkhan]] and [[Erdenet]]). Mongolia has an [[Embassy of Mongolia in Moscow|embassy in Moscow]], three consulate generals (in [[Irkutsk]], [[Kyzyl]] and [[Ulan Ude]]), and a branch in [[Yekaterinburg]]. Both countries are full members of the [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe]] (Russia is a participating state, while Mongolia is a partner).

After the disintegration of the former Soviet Union, Mongolia developed relations with the new independent states. Links with [[Russia]] and other republics were essential to contribute to stabilisation of the Mongolian economy. The primary difficulties in developing fruitful coordination occurred because these new states were experiencing the same political and economic restructuring as Mongolia. Despite these difficulties, Mongolia and Russia successfully negotiated both a 1991 Joint Declaration of Cooperation and a bilateral trade agreement. This was followed by a 1993 Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation<ref name="msa55">Montsame News Agency. ''Mongolia''. 2006, Foreign Service Office of [[Montsame News Agency]], {{ISBN|99929-0-627-8}}, p. 55</ref> establishing a new basis of equality in the relationship. Mongolian President Bagabandi visited [[Moscow]] in 1999, and Russian President [[Vladimir Putin]] visited Mongolia in 2000<ref name="msa55" /> in order to sign the 25-point Ulaanbaatar Declaration, reaffirming Mongol-Russian friendship and cooperation on numerous economic and political issues.
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|{{flag|Myanmar}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Myanmar–Russia relations]]
China and Russia once vetoed a [[U.N. Security Council]] resolution designed to punish Myanmar.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7011746.stm|title=Chinese dilemma over Burma|date=25 September 2007|work=BBC News|access-date=30 May 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/12/AR2007011201115.html|title=Russia, China veto resolution criticizing Burma|date=13 January 2007|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=30 May 2008}}</ref> Relations improved even more when relations with the west deteriorated, following the [[2017 Rohingya persecution in Myanmar|Rohingya crisis]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/us/us-criticizes-russia-for-arming-myanmar-amid-rohingya-crisis |title=US criticizes Russia for arming Myanmar amid Rohingya crisis |publisher=Fox News |date=24 January 2018 |access-date=2 January 2019}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Nepal}}||1956<!--Date started-->||See [[Nepal–Russia relations]]
Nepal and the Soviet Union had established diplomatic relations in 1956. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Nepal extended full diplomatic recognition to the Russian Federation as its legal successor. Since then numerous bilateral meetings have taken place between both sides. Since 1992 numerous Nepalese students have gone to Russia for higher studies on a financial basis. In October 2005 the Foreign ministers of both countries met to discuss cooperation on a variety of issues including political, economic, military, educational, and cultural. Both countries maintain embassies in each other's capitals. Russia has an embassy in [[Kathmandu]] while Nepal has an embassy in [[Moscow]].
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|{{flag|North Korea}}||<!--Date started-->1948||See [[North Korea–Russia relations]]
[[File:North Korean Embassy Moscow.jpg|thumb|North Korean embassy in [[Moscow]], Russia.]]
[[File:2011 Russian Embassy in DPRK.jpg|thumb|Russian embassy in Pyongyang.]]
Russia–DPRK relations are determined by [[Russia]]'s strategic interests in Korea and the goal of preserving peace and stability in the Korean peninsula. Russia's official position is by extension its stance on settlement of the [[North Korean nuclear crisis]].{{vague|date=September 2021}}
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|{{flag|Pakistan}}||{{dts|1948}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pakistan.mid.ru/300408.html|title=Speech of H.E. Mr. Sergey Peskov, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Russian Federation, to the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, at the Jubilee Function on the occasion of celebration of the 60th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between Russia and Pakistan|publisher=Pakistan.mid.ru|access-date=24 November 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402081532/http://www.pakistan.mid.ru/300408.html|archive-date=2 April 2012}}</ref>
|See [[Pakistan–Russia relations]]
Relations between these two countries have been strained in the past, because of Pakistan's close ties to America and its support for the [[Afghanistan|Afghan]] rebels during [[Soviet–Afghan War|the invasion by the USSR]].{{citation needed|date=January 2016}} However, the relations had improved since 1999 and become cordial in 2014. The Russian Army started their first ever joint-drill in 2016.
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|{{flag|Philippines}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1976|06|02}}||See [[Philippines–Russia relations]]
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|{{flag|Qatar}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Qatar–Russia relations]]
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|{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}||{{dts|1926}}||See [[Russia–Saudi Arabia relations]]
* Russia has an embassy in [[Riyadh]].
* Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Moscow.
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|{{flag|Singapore}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1968|06|01}}||See [[Russia–Singapore relations]]
* Singapore maintains an embassy in [[Moscow]] and [[Russia]] has an embassy in Singapore.

Singapore and the [[Soviet Union]] (now Russia) entered into full [[Diplomacy|diplomatic relations]] on 1 June 1968. The two nations engaged in trade and economic cooperation. After the start of [[Vladimir Putin]]'s term, [[Singapore]] and [[Russia]] strengthened ties, participating in a number of regional meetings such as the [[ASEAN]]-Russia Summit and the [[ASEAN]] Regional Forum. Both Singapore and Russia are members of [[Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation|APEC]].
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|{{flag|South Korea}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1990|09|30}}||See [[Russia–South Korea relations]]

* Russian embassy in Seoul and a consulate-general in [[Busan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://korea-seoul.mid.ru/|title=Посольство Российской Федерации в Республике Корея}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://pusan.mid.ru/en/ |title=Consulate-General of the Russian Federation in Busan, Republic of Korea}}</ref>
* South Korean embassy in Moscow and consulates-general in [[Irkutsk]], [[Saint Petersburg]], [[Vladivostok]] and a consular office in [[Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://overseas.mofa.go.kr/ru-ko/index.do|title=주 러시아 대한민국 대사관|website=overseas.mofa.go.kr}}</ref>
* South Korea is on Russia's [[Unfriendly countries list|list of unfriendly countries]]
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|{{flag|Sri Lanka}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Russia–Sri Lanka relations]]
*During the war between the [[Sri Lanka Armed Forces]] (Government of Sri Lanka) and Tamil Tigers, Russia helped Sri Lanka by providing education on battle field tactics to [[Sri Lanka Army]].
*Sri Lanka also reacted in favor of Russia during [[Russian invasion of Ukraine|its invasion of Ukraine]], and acknowledged the concerns of Russia as justifiable.<ref>“While acknowledging the justifiable concerns of the Russian Federation, Sri Lanka also welcomes attempts at de-escalating the tension. Sri Lanka is confident that the parties concerned would be able to resolve the issues arising out of the recent developments, through a legitimate democratic process, enabling harmonious co-existence of the people of Ukraine.” - See more at: http://www.nation.lk/edition/breaking-news/item/26839-ukraine-crisis-lanka-regrets-presidents-unconstitutional-removal.html#sthash.888W7iUA.dpuf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140505143232/http://www.nation.lk/edition/breaking-news/item/26839-ukraine-crisis-lanka-regrets-presidents-unconstitutional-removal.html#sthash.888W7iUA.dpuf |date=5 May 2014 }}</ref>
*Russia has an embassy in Colombo. Sri Lanka has an [[Embassy of Sri Lanka in Moscow|embassy]] in Moscow.
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|{{flag|Syria}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Russia–Syria relations]]
Russia has an embassy in [[Damascus]] and a consulate in [[Aleppo]], and Syria has an [[Embassy of Syria in Moscow|embassy in Moscow]]. As with most of the [[Arab world|Arab countries]], Russia enjoys a historically strong and stable friendly relationship with Syria.

Since 1971, Russia has leased port facilities in [[Tartus]] for its naval fleet. Between 1992 and 2008 these facilities were much in disrepair, however, works have commenced concurrent with the [[2008 South Ossetia war]] to improve the port's facilities to support an increased Mediterranean presence of the [[Russian Navy]].

Russia is believed to have sent Syria dozens of Iskander missiles.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Paul Alster|title= Russians moving into Syria. Strategic alliance include fleet, missiles|url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/when-it-comes-to-syria-russia-sends-missiles-mixed-signals/#ixzz2NATSHCz2|work=[[Fox News]]|date=22 December 2012 |access-date=10 March 2013}}</ref>

Russia has been strongly supporting Syria in the [[Syrian civil war]], especially since the start of an [[Russian military intervention in the Syrian Civil War|air campaign in 2015]].
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|{{flag|Taiwan}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Russia–Taiwan relations]]
In the [[Chinese Civil War]], the [[Soviet Union]] had a tumultuous yet strategic relations with the [[Kuomintang]]-led Nationalist China until 1949 with the proclamation of the [[People's Republic of China]] and the subsequent military takeover of [[Mainland China]] by the [[Chinese Communist Party]]. In the [[Second Taiwan Strait Crisis]], the Soviet Union under the leadership of [[Nikita Khrushchev]] recommended the internationalization of the [[Taiwan Question]] and appealed to the United Nations and other multilateral organizations to erase the crisis, further, the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union]] called for the Ten Nations Summit in [[New Delhi]] to discuss the issue and eradicate the military tension on 27 September 1958 and undermined as one of the precursors of the latter [[Sino-Soviet split]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://big5.citygf.com/cul/cul_005005/201006/t20100625_489043_2.html |title=炮擊金門幕後揭秘：玩弄中蘇同盟種下分裂惡果-歷史名人-文化名城-廣佛都市網 |publisher=Big5.citygf.com |date=25 June 2010 |access-date=25 April 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130313160105/http://big5.citygf.com/cul/cul_005005/201006/t20100625_489043_2.html |archive-date=13 March 2013}}</ref> Since the formation of the [[Russian Federation]], Taiwan has exported many ferric materials to Russia in 2004–2005. In 2005, the total amount of the trade between the two economies was $2,188,944,473. Russia also has a representative office in Taipei,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtc.org.tw/english/index.html |title=Representative office in Taipei for the Moscow-Taipei Coordination Commission on Economic and Cultural Cooperation v.2.0 |publisher=Mtc.org.tw |access-date=25 April 2013}}</ref> and Republic of China has a representative office in [[Moscow]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.roc-taiwan.org/RU/mp.asp?mp=237|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703214706/http://www.roc-taiwan.org/RU/mp.asp?mp=237|url-status=dead|title=首頁 - 台北莫斯科經濟文化協調委員會駐莫斯科代表處 Representative Office in Moscow for the Taipei-Moscow Economic and Cultural Coordination Commission|archive-date=3 July 2015|website=www.tmeccc.org}}</ref> According to the data, Russia keeps a positive balance in its trade relations with Taiwan mainly from crude oil, cast iron and steel, nonferrous metals, petrochemical products, ferroalloys, coking coal, timber, and chemical fertilizers. Russia imports mostly electronics and electronic parts, computers and computer parts, and home appliances. The two countries cooperate closely and intensely by establishing unofficial diplomatic relations since 1993~1996. Taipei is targeting Russia for [[exporting]] opportunities and [[marketing]] potentials and this mutually-beneficial relationship is effective, especially under the framework of [[APEC]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.taiwan.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=87756&ctNode=3085&mp=4 |title=Chinese Taipei, Russia Intensify Cooperation |publisher=Taiwan.gov.tw |access-date=15 November 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203045223/http://www.taiwan.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=87756&ctNode=3085&mp=4 |archive-date=3 December 2013}}</ref>
* Taiwan is on Russia's [[Unfriendly countries list|list of unfriendly countries]]
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|{{flag|Tajikistan}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Russia–Tajikistan relations]]
Until 2005, Russia had 11,000 border guards manning the Tajik frontier with Afghanistan. In September 2012, and after months of negotiating, Russia and Tajikistan have reached an agreement on what Russia will pay for its bases in Tajikistan and extended the lease to 20 or 29 years. The bases are used for 9,000 Russian troops of the 201st Motor Rifle Division. The new deal with Tajikistan makes it worthwhile for Russia to upgrade the four army camps and one air base they occupy. To get the long lease, Russia agreed to sell Tajikistan weapons and military equipment at a sharp discount and train Tajik officers in Russian schools, for free, for the duration of the deal. Tajikistan also promises to help keep the heroin out of Russia.<ref>{{cite news|title=Russians Continue to Guard the Tajik Border with Afghanistan|url=http://www.satrapia.com/news/article/russians-continue-to-guard-the-tajik-border-with-afghanistan/|newspaper=The Gazette of Central Asia|date=21 September 2012|publisher=Satrapia}}</ref>
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|{{Flagu|Timor-Leste}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Russia–Timor-Leste relations]]
Russia was one of the first countries to recognise Timor-Leste's independence and took part in nearly all UN aid programs, providing food and relief personnel, including civil and transport aviation pilots.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ruvr.ru/main.php?lng=eng&q=33909&cid=57&p=17.10.2008 |title=Voice of Russia |access-date=22 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091102134741/http://ruvr.ru/main.php?lng=eng |archive-date=2 November 2009}}</ref> After the shooting of [[José Ramos-Horta]] (former president of Timor-Leste), the Russian ministry said; "The Russian side expresses its concern over the attempt on the life of the Timor-Leste president, and hopes political stability in Timor-Leste will be maintained, as a fundamental condition for a successful solution to the complicated problems it is facing. And in the interests of strengthening national unity and ensuring social and economic development."

Russia is represented in Timor-Leste through its embassy in [[Jakarta, Indonesia|Jakarta (Indonesia)]].
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|{{flag|Turkey}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Russia–Turkey relations]]
* Russia has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and consulate-general in [[Antalya]], [[Istanbul]] and [[Trabzon]].
* Turkey has an embassy in Moscow and consulate-general in [[Kazan]], [[Novorossiysk]] and [[Saint Petersburg]].
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|{{flag|Turkmenistan}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Russia–Turkmenistan relations]]
* Russia has an [[Embassy of Russia in Ashgabat|embassy in Ashgabat]] and a consulate-general in [[Türkmenbaşy, Turkmenistan|Türkmenbaşy]].<ref>[http://www.turkmenistan.mid.ru/ Russian Embassy in Turkmenistan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090624132510/http://www.turkmenistan.mid.ru/ |date=24 June 2009}} {{in lang|ru}}</ref>
* Turkmenistan has an embassy in [[Moscow]].<ref>[http://www.turkmenembassy.ru/ Turkmenistan Embassy in Russia] {{in lang|ru}}</ref>

Recently, Russian-Turkmenistan relations have revolved around Russia's efforts to secure [[natural gas]] export deals from Turkmenistan. Russia is competing with [[China]], the [[European Union]], [[India]] and the [[United States]] for access to Turkmenistan's rich supply of [[hydrocarbons]].<ref>{{cite news |last=[[Associated Press]] |title= Russian president in Turkmenistan to consolidate Kremlin's grip on Central Asian energy |newspaper=International Herald Tribune |date=4 July 2008 |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/07/04/asia/AS-GEN-Turkmenistan-Russia-Caspian-Energy.php |access-date=5 July 2008}}</ref> The two countries often lock horns over price negotiations for gas exports to Russia.<ref>{{cite news |last = Blagov |first = Sergei |title = Russia faces a collapse of its economic and political clout |work = Eurasianet |date = 30 December 2008 |url = http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/insight/articles/eav123008.shtml |access-date = 16 April 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100212032340/http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/insight/articles/eav123008.shtml |archive-date = 12 February 2010 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last = Trilling |first = David |title = Pipeline spat with the Kremlin turns into a political test of strength |work = Eurasianet |date = 15 April 2009 |url = http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/insightb/articles/eav041509.shtml |access-date = 16 April 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090418191449/http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/insightb/articles/eav041509.shtml |archive-date = 18 April 2009 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all}}</ref> Turkmen president [[Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow]] has agreed to help supply and expand the Russian-backed [[Central Asia-Center gas pipeline system|Pricaspiysky pipeline]], however no action has yet occurred towards this goal.<ref>{{cite news |last = Blank |first = Stephen |title = Russian president strives for a breakthrough moment in Caspian basin energy game |work = Eurasianet |date = 2 July 2008 |url = http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/insight/articles/eav070208a.shtml |access-date = 5 July 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080812234328/http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/insight/articles/eav070208a.shtml |archive-date = 12 August 2008 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all}}</ref>
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|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1971|12}}||See [[Russia–United Arab Emirates relations]]

* Russia has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate-general in [[Dubai]].
* United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Moscow.
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|{{flag|Uzbekistan}}||{{dts|1992}}
|See [[Russia–Uzbekistan relations]]
* Uzbekistan has an embassy in [[Moscow]]
* Russia has an embassy in [[Tashkent]].
* Uzbekistan was once a former Soviet Socialist republic. It still has strong ties to Russia and the West.
* In the aftermath of the [[May 2005 unrest in Uzbekistan|May 2005 unrest]], Uzbekistan demanded that the United States leave the base at [[Karshi-Khanabad]].
* In November 2005, both presidents [[Islam Karimov]] and [[Vladimir Putin]] had signed a mutual cooperation agreement in [[Moscow]].
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20121009132317/http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/insight/articles/eav111505.shtml Uzbekistan]
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|{{flag|Vietnam}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1950|01|30}}||See [[Russia–Vietnam relations]]
* USSR was an ally of Vietnam.
* On 30 January 1950 the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics]] established an embassy to [[North Vietnam]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.vietnamembassy-usa.org/news/story.php?d=20010305003822|title=Vietnam-Russia traditional ties reach new heights|date=5 March 2001|access-date=8 August 2007|publisher=Embassy of Vietnam in the United States of America}}</ref> The USSR was traditionally one of Vietnam's strongest allies.
|}