Editing Foreign relations of Cuba (section)

=== Americas ===

Cuba has supported a number of leftist groups and parties in Latin America and the Caribbean since the 1959 revolution. In the 1960s Cuba established close ties with the emerging [[Guatemala]]n social movement led by Luis Augusto Turcios Lima, and supported the establishment of the [[Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity|URNG]], a militant organization that has evolved into one of Guatemala's current political parties. In the 1980s Cuba backed both the [[Sandinistas]] in [[Nicaragua]] and the [[Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front|FMLN]] in [[El Salvador]], providing military and intelligence training, weapons, guidance, and organizational support.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|- valign="top"
| {{flag|Argentina}} || <!-- Date started -->12 May 1909 || See [[Argentina–Cuba relations]]

* Argentina has an embassy in Havana.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ecuba.cancilleria.gob.ar/|title=Embajada en Cuba|website=ecuba.cancilleria.gob.ar}}</ref>
* Cuba has an embassy in [[Buenos Aires]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://misiones.minrex.gob.cu/es/argentina/| title = Embassy of Cuba in Argentina (in Spanish)| date = 15 December 2015| access-date = 11 August 2017| archive-date = 10 August 2017| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170810091654/http://misiones.minrex.gob.cu/es/argentina/| url-status = dead}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
| {{flag|Bolivia}} || <!-- Date started --> ||See [[Bolivia–Cuba relations]]

* Bolivia has an embassy in Havana.
* Cuba has an embassy in [[La Paz]].
|- valign="top"
| {{flag|Brazil}} || <!-- Date started --> || See [[Brazil–Cuba relations]]

With the electoral win of the President of [[Brazil]], [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]] in 2002 ties between Cuba and Brazil steadily warmed. Brazil continued to play its part in trying to revive and upgrade the offshore oil and gas infrastructure of Cuba.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/3266509.stm | work=BBC News | title=Cuba's new oil industry | date=2003-11-13 | access-date=2010-05-02 | first=Tom | last=Fawthrop}}</ref> In addition, talks led by Brazil  were underway seeking to develop a framework for Cuba to become a normalised affiliate member of the [[Mercosur]] bloc of countries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.brazzil.com/789-brazil-confirms-cuba-on-the-verge-of-joining-mercosur/|title = Brazil Confirms: Cuba on the Verge of Joining Mercosur}}</ref>

Brazilian-Cuban relations deteriorated greatly under the presidency of Brazilian rightwing president [[Jair Bolsonaro]] since 2019 .He stopped Mais Medicos (More Doctors) programme and thousands of Cuban doctors left Brazil.<ref>{{cite news| url = https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-cuba-idUSKCN1N71ZF| title = Reuters| website = [[Reuters]]| date = 2 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url = https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-cuba-doctors-idUSKCN1NR2C5| title = Reuters| website = [[Reuters]]| date = 22 November 2018}}</ref> In November 2019, Brazil voted for the first time against an annual United Nations resolution condemning and calling for an end to Washington's economic embargo on Cuba.<ref>{{cite news| url = https://www.reuters.com/article/us-un-cuba-brazil-exclusive-idUSKBN1XG2ZZ| title = Reuters| website = [[Reuters]]| date = 6 November 2019}}</ref>
* Brazil has an embassy in Havana.
* Cuba has an embassy in [[Brasília]] and a consulate-general in [[São Paulo]].
|- valign="top"
| {{flag|Canada}} || <!-- Date started -->1945 || See [[Canada–Cuba relations]]

[[Canada]] has always maintained consistently cordial relations with Cuba, in spite of considerable pressure from the United States, and the island is also one of the most popular travel destinations for Canadian citizens. Canada-Cuba relations can be traced back to the 18th century, when vessels from the [[Atlantic Canada|Atlantic provinces]] of Canada traded codfish and beer for rum and sugar. Cuba was the first country in the Caribbean selected by Canada for a diplomatic mission. Official diplomatic relations were established in 1945, when Emile Vaillancourt, a noted writer and historian, was designated Canada's representative in Cuba. Canada and Mexico were the only two countries in the hemisphere to maintain uninterrupted diplomatic relations with Cuba following the Cuban Revolution in 1959.

In 1994, a joint venture was formed between the Cuban Nickel Union and the Canadian firm [[Sherritt International]], which operates a mining and processing plant on the island in [[Moa, Cuba|Moa]]. A second enterprise, Cobalt Refinery Co. Inc., was created in Alberta for nickel refining. Canada has been critical of the U.S. trade embargo against Cuba, and strongly objected to the [[Helms-Burton Act]]. In 1996 Foreign Affairs Minister [[Lloyd Axworthy]] stated: "Canada shares the U.S. objectives of improving human rights standards and moving to more representative government in Cuba. But we are concerned that the Helms-Burton Act takes the wrong approach. That is why we have been working with other countries to uphold the principles of international law". In 1996 a [[Private Member's Bill]] was introduced, but not made law, in the [[Parliament of Canada|Canadian Parliament]]; this law called the [[Godfrey–Milliken Bill]] was in response to the extraterritoriality of the aforementioned Act.

Former Prime Minister [[Pierre Trudeau]] and [[Fidel Castro]] were personal friends. Castro was among Pierre Trudeau's pallbearers at [[State funeral of Pierre Trudeau|his funeral]] in 2000. Former Prime Minister [[Jean Chrétien]] and Fidel Castro also maintained a close relationship.

* Canada has an embassy in Havana.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/cuba/index.aspx?lang=eng|title=Embassy of Canada to Cuba|first=Global Affairs|last=Canada|date=September 9, 2013|website=GAC}}</ref>
* Cuba has an embassy in [[Ottawa]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://misiones.minrex.gob.cu/es/canada| title = Embassy of Cuba in Canada| date = 3 June 2016| access-date = 11 August 2017| archive-date = 11 August 2017| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170811105026/http://misiones.minrex.gob.cu/es/canada| url-status = dead}}</ref>

|- valign="top"
| {{flag|Chile}} || <!-- Date started --> || See [[Chile–Cuba relations]]

{{see also|Fidel Castro's state visit to Chile}}
Cuba has been since the 1960s a reference point to left wing politicians in [[Chile]]. Recently relations to Cuba has been hot subject in [[Concert of Parties for Democracy|Concertación]] politics since the [[Christian Democrat Party of Chile]], member of the Concertación, has supported a harder line in the diplomatic relations with Cuba while the [[Socialist Party of Chile]] has opposed this.{{Citation needed|date=June 2009}}

In 1971, despite an [[Organization of American States]] convention that no nation in the Western Hemisphere would have a relationship with Cuba (the only exception being Mexico, which had refused to adopt that convention), Castro took a month-long visit to Chile, following the re-establishment of diplomatic relations with Cuba. The visit, in which Castro participated actively in the internal politics of the country, holding massive rallies and giving public advice to [[Salvador Allende]], was seen by those on the political right as proof to support their view that "The Chilean Way to Socialism" was an effort to put Chile on the same path as Cuba.<ref>{{cite book | last = Quirk | first = Robert |date= August 1995 | title = Fidel Castro | publisher = W. W. Norton & Company }}</ref>
* Chile has an embassy in Havana.
* Cuba has an embassy in [[Santiago]].
|- valign="top"
| {{flag|Colombia}} || <!-- Date started --> ||See [[Colombia–Cuba relations]]

Cuba gave training, money, medicines, weapons and safe haven to members of [[Colombian people|Colombian]] guerrilla movements, especially to the [[National Liberation Army (Colombia)|ELN]] and also to members of the [[Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia|FARC]], both of which were founded in the early 1960s. In the years leading up to his death, Fidel Castro made gestures of reconciliation with different Colombian government administrations, and has been considered responsible for facilitating talks between them and the opposing guerrilla groups.
* Colombia has an embassy in Havana.
* Cuba has an embassy in [[Bogotá]].
|- valign="top"
| {{flag|Costa Rica}} || <!-- Date started --> ||

[[Costa Rica]] broke relations with Cuba in 1961 to protest Cuban support of the left in Central America and renewed formal diplomatic ties with Fidel Castro's government in March 2009. In 1995, Costa Rica established a consular office in Havana. Cuba opened a consular office in Costa Rica in 2001, but relations continued to be difficult. In 2006, shortly after the death of [[Augusto Pinochet]], Costa Rican President [[Óscar Arias]] compared Fidel Castro's human rights record to that of the former Chilean president. In response, Cuban officials released a statement describing the Washington aligned Arias as a "vulgar mercenary" of U.S. officials, and asserting that Washington "always had on hand another opportunistic clown ready to follow its aggressive plans against Cuba."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.mlive.com/newsflash/international/index.ssf?/base/international-10/11672682008600.xml&storylist=international |title=Cuba slams Costa Rican leader's remarks |agency=Associated Press |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930165104/http://www.mlive.com/newsflash/international/index.ssf?%2Fbase%2Finternational-10%2F11672682008600.xml&storylist=international |archive-date=2007-09-30 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://granmai.cubaweb.com/ingles/2006/diciembre/mier27/01decla.html | title = Statement from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Oscar Arias: Vain, mediocre and obsessed with being a star | publisher = Granma | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110524184407/http://granmai.cubaweb.com/ingles/2006/diciembre/mier27/01decla.html | archive-date = 2011-05-24 }}</ref>
* Costa Rica has an embassy in Havana.
* Cuba has an embassy in [[San José, Costa Rica|San José]].
|- valign="top"
| {{flag|Dominican Republic}} || <!-- Date started --> ||See [[Cuba-Dominican Republic relations]]

* Cuba has an embassy in [[Santo Domingo]].
* Dominican Republic has an embassy in Havana.
|- valign="top"
| {{flag|El Salvador}} || <!-- Date started --> ||

Cuba and [[El Salvador]] resumed diplomatic relations on June 1, 2009. El Salvador previously suspended diplomatic relations with Cuba in 1961 due to the Cuban Revolution.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jdUQFbECZYRXiqkl75Rzs3cPsH6w |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110315073814/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jdUQFbECZYRXiqkl75Rzs3cPsH6w |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 15, 2011 |title=El Salvador and Cuba reestablish diplomatic ties |date=2009-06-01 |access-date=2012-03-23}}</ref> Diplomatic ties were resumed after El Salvador's new president [[Mauricio Funes]], who had pledged to reestablish them, was sworn into office. El Salvador is also the very last Latin American nation to resume diplomatic relations with Cuba.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://foreignpolicyblogs.com/2009/06/02/el-salvador-and-cuba-normalize-relations/|title = El Salvador and Cuba normalize relations| date=2 June 2009 }}</ref>
* Cuba has an embassy in [[San Salvador]].
* El Salvador has an embassy in Havana.
|- valign="top"
| {{flag|Grenada}} || <!-- Date started --> ||See [[Cuba–Grenada relations]]

* Cuba has an embassy in [[St. George's, Grenada|St. George's]].
* Grenada has an embassy in Havana.
|- valign="top"
| {{flag|Guatemala}} ||<!-- Date started -->||See [[Cuba–Guatemala relations]]

* Cuba has an embassy in [[Guatemala City]].
* Guatemala has an embassy in Havana.
|- valign="top"
| {{flag|Guyana}} || <!-- Date started --> 1972||
*Both countries established diplomatic relations on December 8, 1972.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.minfor.gov.gy/diplomatic-relations/|title=Countries with which Guyana has Establishment Diplomatic Relations – Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation&#124; Co-operative Republic of Guyana|access-date=2019-02-24|archive-date=2019-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224073504/http://www.minfor.gov.gy/diplomatic-relations/|url-status=dead}}</ref> 
*Both countries are full members of the [[Organization of American States]].
* Cuba has an embassy in [[Georgetown, Guyana|Georgetown]].
* Guyana has an embassy in Havana.
|- valign="top"
| {{flag|Haiti}} || <!-- Date started --> ||See [[Cuba-Haiti relations]]

* Cuba has an embassy in [[Port-au-Prince]].
* Haiti has an embassy in Havana.
* Cuba resumed relations with Haiti in 1997 and since has sent thousands of doctors to Haiti since relations were re-established in 1997, performing hundreds of thousands of surgeries, medical consultations and have trained over 1,000 Haitian doctors at its medical schools. In addition, over 100,000 people in Haiti have become literate through Cuban efforts.
|- valign="top"
| {{flag|Jamaica}} ||1972||See [[Cuba–Jamaica relations]]

* Cuba has an embassy in [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]].
* Jamaica has an embassy in Havana.
|- valign="top"
| {{flag|Mexico}} || <!-- Date started -->1902 || See [[Cuba–Mexico relations]]
[[File:Enrique Peña Nieto y Fidel Castro.jpg|thumb|right|Mexican President [[Enrique Peña Nieto]] with former Cuban President [[Fidel Castro]] in January 2014]]

Before the Cuban revolution, [[Mexico]] was the country where several Cubans were exiled fleeing political persecution by the government of Batista like [[Julio Antonio Mella]], Juan Marinello, [[Fidel Castro]] and [[Raúl Castro]].

After the Cuban revolution when Cuba was expelled from the [[Organization of American States]], Mexico did not support this resolution and abstained, claiming a non-intervention policy. Relations were stable from 1934 to 1998.

Although the relationship between Cuba and Mexico remains strained, each side appears to make attempts to improve it. In 1998, Fidel Castro apologized when he said that "Mexican kids knew [[Mickey Mouse]] better than national heroes of their own country", which led Mexico to recall its ambassador from Havana.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www2.fiu.edu/~fcf/castroapologizes.html |title=Castro apologizes to Mexico's kids for put-down |publisher=.fiu.edu |date=1998-12-19 |access-date=2012-07-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100808044249/http://www2.fiu.edu/~fcf/castroapologizes.html |archive-date=2010-08-08 }}</ref> Rather, he said, his words were meant to underscore the cultural dominance of the US.<ref>{{cite news |date=1998-12-19 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/238827.stm | title = Castro says sorry to Mexico | work = BBC News | access-date = 2006-05-21 | location=London}}</ref>

Mexican [[President of Mexico|President]] [[Vicente Fox]] apologized to Fidel Castro in 2002 over statements by Castro, who had taped their telephone conversation, to the effect that Fox forced him to leave a United Nations summit in Mexico so that he would not be in the presence of President Bush, who also attended.<ref>{{cite news |date=2002-04-25 | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/1946089.stm | title = Mexico's Fox apologises to Castro | work = BBC News | access-date = 2006-05-21 | location=London}}</ref>

In 2004, Mexico suspended relations with Cuba after businessman [[Carlos Ahumada]] was arrested and deported to Mexico and the paperwork provided by the Cuban government proved that there was a plan from the Mexican government to make a complot against the potential presidential candidate from the opposition party [[Andrés Manuel López Obrador]]. In April 2012, Mexican president [[Felipe Calderón]] made a two-day visit to Havana. In January 2014, Mexican president [[Enrique Peña Nieto]] paid an official visit to Cuba.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mexico.cnn.com/nacional/2014/01/28/pena-nieto-llega-a-cuba-para-reafirmar-la-amistad-entre-los-paises|title=Peña Nieto llega a Cuba para "reafirmar" la amistad entre los países|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref>

* Cuba has an embassy in [[Mexico City]] and consulates-general in [[Cancún]], [[Mérida, Yucatán|Mérida]], [[Monterrey]] and [[Veracruz (city)|Veracruz City]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://misiones.minrex.gob.cu/es/mexico| title = Embassy of Cuba in Mexico| date = 4 April 2016| access-date = 11 August 2017| archive-date = 22 May 2019| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190522055930/http://misiones.minrex.gob.cu/es/mexico| url-status = dead}}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in Havana.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/cuba/|title=Inicio|website=embamex.sre.gob.mx}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
| {{flag|Panama}} || <!-- Date started --> ||

Cuba and [[Panama]] have restored diplomatic ties after breaking them off in 2004 when Panama's former president [[Mireya Moscoso]] pardoned four Cubans, including [[Luis Posada Carriles]], who were accused of attempting to assassinate Cuban President [[Fidel Castro]]. The foreign minister of each country re-established official diplomatic relations in Havana by signing a document describing a spirit of fraternity that has long linked both nations.<ref name="Cuba and Panama restore relations">{{cite news | last = Gibbs| first = Stephen| url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4170374.stm | title = Cuba and Panama restore relations | work = BBC News | access-date = 2006-05-21 | date=2005-08-21 | location=London}}</ref> In March 2009, the governments of Costa Rica and El Salvador announced that they plan on re-establishing full diplomatic relations with Cuba.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7951908.stm|title=Cuba neighbours to restore ties |work= BBC News|date=2009-03-18|access-date=2009-03-19 | location=London}}</ref>
* Cuba has an embassy in [[Panama City]].
* Panama has an embassy in Havana.
|- valign="top"
| {{flag|Peru}} || <!-- Date started --> ||See [[Cuba–Peru relations]]

* Cuba has an embassy in [[Lima]].
* Peru has an embassy in Havana.
|- valign="top"
| {{flag|Suriname}} || <!-- Date started --> ||See [[Cuba–Suriname relations]]

* Cuba has an embassy in [[Paramaribo]].
* Suriname has an embassy in Havana.
|- valign="top"
| {{flag|United States}} || <!-- Date started --> || See [[Cuba–United States relations]]

The [[Cuban Revolution]] led to the deterioration of relations between the two countries, and diplomatic ties were broken on January 3, 1961, after the Eisenhower administration rejected a demand from Fidel Castro to reduce the number of US embassy personnel in Havana. However, since December 2014, relations have improved greatly, and on July 20, 2015, Cuba and the United States re-opened diplomatic relations, upgrading their "interest sections" to embassies. In December 2014, US President [[Barack Obama]] and Cuban President [[Raúl Castro]] announced the start of the [[United States-Cuban Thaw|process to normalize diplomatic relations between the two countries]], following 18 months of secret negotiations in [[Canada]] and [[Vatican City]]. Although relations have greatly improved since then, the United States still holds a trade embargo against Cuba, making it illegal for American companies to do business in Cuba. However, Barack Obama has called for an end to the embargo, saying that it failed to get Cuba to abandon one-party rule.

* Cuba has an embassy in [[Washington, D.C.]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cubadiplomatica.cu/eeuu/EN/Mission/ConsularSectioninWashington.aspx |title=Embassy of Cuba in the United States |access-date=2017-08-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811104425/http://www.cubadiplomatica.cu/eeuu/EN/Mission/ConsularSectioninWashington.aspx |archive-date=2017-08-11 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* United States has an embassy in Havana.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cu.usembassy.gov/|title=U.S. Embassy in Cuba|website=U.S. Embassy in Cuba}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
| {{flag|Uruguay}} || <!-- Date started --> ||See [[Cuba–Uruguay relations]]

* Cuba has an embassy in [[Montevideo]].
* Uruguay has an embassy in Havana.
|- valign="top"
| {{flag|Venezuela}} || <!-- Date started --> || See [[Cuba–Venezuela relations]]

Relations between Cuba and [[Venezuela]] significantly improved during the [[Presidency of Hugo Chávez]]. Chávez formed a major alliance with Cuban president Fidel Castro and significant trade relationship with Cuba since his election in 1999. The warm relationship between the two countries continued to intensify.<ref name=BRITANNICA>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9403289/Cuba|title=Cuba|author=Daniel P. Erikson|access-date=2008-06-10|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]}}</ref>  Hugo Chávez described Castro as his mentor<ref name=DNAWAHC>{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1043203&pageid=0|title=The world according to Hugo Chávez|date=2006-07-22|access-date=2008-06-08|newspaper=[[DNA (newspaper)|DNA]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080618232327/http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1043203&pageid=0|archive-date=2008-06-18}}</ref> and called Cuba "a revolutionary democracy".<ref name=BBCVEUCV>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4179050.stm|title=Venezuela ends upbeat Cuba visit|date=2005-08-24|access-date=2008-06-09|work=BBC News | location=London|first=Stephen|last=Gibbs}}</ref>

In 2005 the two countries also signed cooperation agreements in the area of energy and electricity, an accord between Venezuela's oil company [[PDVSA]] and its Cuban counterpart [[Cupet]] to buy and sell crude oil and a crude oil storage agreement between the two companies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bilaterals.org/article.php3?id_article=1835 |title=Cuba and Venezuela sign millionaire bilateral trade agreement |publisher=Bilaterals.org |access-date=2012-03-23}}</ref>

Hugo Chávez, who said he was one of the few people in the world who knew Castro's illness from July 31, 2006, helped Cuba undermine a strict U.S. embargo by sending cheap oil and boosting commercial relations. Agreements between Cuba and Venezuela, the world's No. 5 oil exporter, have brought more than 20,000 Cuban doctors to Venezuela to provide medical services for the poor. The program, one of numerous oil-funded social projects, helped Chávez build a strong political support base, and he won a reelection bid in December 2006.<ref name=reuters-09-03>{{cite news|title=Castro recovering and giving orders: Chavez|date=2006-09-03|work=Reuters|url=http://today.reuters.com/news/articlenews.aspx?type=topNews&storyID=2006-09-03T213241Z_01_N03251032_RTRUKOC_0_US-CUBA-CASTR0-VENEZUELA.xml&archived=False|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061025044729/http://today.reuters.com/news/articlenews.aspx?type=topNews|archive-date=2006-10-25}}</ref>

A U.S. official told the ''Miami Herald'' in 2016 that U.S. estimates of total Venezuelan subsidies to Cuba per year "are up to the $2 billion figure." This is comparable to the $4 billion to $6 billion that the Soviet Union once pumped into Cuba per year.<ref>[http://www.miami.com/mld/miamiherald/news/world/cuba/15395148.htm] {{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
* Cuba has an embassy in [[Caracas]].
* Venezuela has an embassy in Havana.
|}