Editing Foreign relations of Algeria (section)

== Europe ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes 
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Cyprus}}||3 April 1979||See [[Algeria–Cyprus relations]]

Cyprus and Algeria have concluded various agreements. For example, in November 1997, Algeria and Cyprus agreed on a framework for maritime exchanges between the two countries, lifting obstacles on the free movement of ships and offering preferential treatment at the ports in both countries.<ref>{{cite web
 |url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=BBAB&d_place=BBAB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F99F6695D3542E0&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM
 |publisher=Algerian radio, Algiers
 |date=1997-11-12
 |title=Algeria signs maritime agreement with Cyprus
 |access-date=2009-05-05
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018154428/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=BBAB&d_place=BBAB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F99F6695D3542E0&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM
 |archive-date=2012-10-18
 |url-status=dead
 }}</ref> In December 1999 Algeria and Cyprus signed an air transport agreement to introduce a legal framework governing air routes between Algeria and Cyprus.<ref>{{cite web
 |url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=BBAB&d_place=BBAB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F99F9EF435A915A&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM
 |publisher=Algerian TV, Algiers
 |date=1999-12-03
 |title=Algeria, Cyprus sign air transport agreement
 |access-date=2009-05-05
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127202956/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=BBAB&d_place=BBAB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F99F9EF435A915A&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM
 |archive-date=2018-01-27
 |url-status=dead
 }}</ref> In July 2000, Algerian news agency APS signed a cooperation agreement with the Cypriot news agency<ref>{{cite web
 |url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=BBAB&d_place=BBAB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F97DCD6DE9A0CAB&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM
 |publisher=Algerian TV, Algiers
 |date=2000-07-31
 |title=Algeria/Cyprus: News agencies sign cooperation agreement
 |access-date=2009-05-05
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018154318/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=BBAB&d_place=BBAB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F97DCD6DE9A0CAB&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM
 |archive-date=2012-10-18
 |url-status=dead
 }}</ref> that covers exchange of English news items and photographs.<ref>
{{cite web
 |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-18301140.html
 |date=2000-07-28
 |title=Algeria Sign News Cooperation Agreement
 |publisher=Xinhua News Agency
 |access-date=2009-05-05}}{{dead link|date=February 2019|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}
</ref>

In December 2001, the Algerian firm [[Sonatrach]] and Cyprus oil company Medex Petroleum signed an exploration deal covering the north of Bordj Omar Idriss in the [[Illizi]] basin in south-eastern Algeria.<ref>{{cite web
 |url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=BBAB&d_place=BBAB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F97A7757B15EBDB&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM
 |publisher=Algerian TV, Algiers
 |date=2001-12-23
 |title=Algerian, Cyprus oil companies sign exploration deal
 |access-date=2009-05-05
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018154328/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=BBAB&d_place=BBAB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F97A7757B15EBDB&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM
 |archive-date=2012-10-18
 |url-status=dead
 }}</ref> Cyprus is considering Algeria as a potential partner to assist with extracting untapped oil and gas from the island's exclusive economic zone. Other partners being considered are Libya, Russian and Algeria – full details of the negotiations have not yet been released to the public domain.<ref>
{{cite web
 |url=http://www.financialmirror.com/News/Cyprus_and_World_News/14835 
 |title=Cyprus and Egypt keep LNG talks secret 
 |work=FinancialMirror 
 |date=April 9, 2009 
 |access-date=May 9, 2009 
 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605040303/http://www.financialmirror.com/News/Cyprus_and_World_News/14835 
 |archive-date=June 5, 2011
}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|France}}||3 July 1962||See [[Algeria–France relations]]

In the early 1990s, nearly 20 percent of all Algerian exports and imports were destined for or originated from France. More than 1 million Algerians resided in France and there were numerous francophones in Algeria, creating a tremendous cultural overlap. French remained the language of instruction in most schools and the language used in more than two-thirds of all newspapers and periodicals and on numerous television programs. Algeria and France share a cultural background that transcends diplomatic maneuvers and has persisted throughout periods of "disenchantment" and strained relations. Over time, however, the arabization of Algeria and the increasing polarization of society between the francophone elite and the Arab masses have mobilized anti-French sentiment. Support for the arabization of Algerian society—including the elimination of French as the second national language and emphasis on an arabized education curriculum—and the recent success of the FIS indicate a growing fervor in Algeria for asserting an independent national identity. Such an identity emphasizes its Arab and Islamic cultural tradition rather than its French colonial past.  However, France's support for the military regime that assumed power in early 1992 indicates that the cooperative relations between the two countries remain strong.<ref name="cs" />
* Algeria has an embassy in [[Paris]] and several consulates-general throughout the country.
* France has an embassy in Algiers and consulates-general in [[Annaba]] and [[Oran]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Germany}}||1 October 1962||
See [[Algeria–Germany relations]]

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1962.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jean-François Juilliard, Françoise Moussu |title=Chronologie des faits internationaux d'ordre juridique. Annuaire Français de Droit International / Année 1962 / 8 / |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/afdi_0066-3085_1962_num_8_1_1015 |access-date=30 November 2023 |journal=Annuaire Français de Droit International |date=1962 |volume=8 |issue=1 |page=1088 |language=fr}}</ref>
* Algeria has an embassy in [[Berlin]] and a consulate-general in [[Frankfurt]].
* Germany has an embassy in Algiers.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Greece}}||1962||See [[Algeria–Greece relations]]

Relations between the two countries have been traditionally friendly since Algeria's first years of independence. Both countries are members of the [[Union for the Mediterranean]]. Greece was among the early countries to establish diplomatic relations with Algeria after its independence in 1962, by upgrading the then Greek Consulate General in Algiers to an embassy in 1963.<ref name="old.mfa.gr">[http://old.mfa.gr/english/foreign_policy/amii/algeria.html Hellenic Republic Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Algeria]{{dead link|date=January 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> As of 2009, the two countries had in place three bilateral agreements:

* Agreement on Economic, Scientific and Technical Cooperation (1982).
* Agreement on Educational Cooperation (1988).
* Agreement on Mutual Protection and Promotion of Investments (2000).<ref name="old.mfa.gr"/>

The Algerian Minister of Foreign Affairs visited Greece in February 2001, returning a previous visit paid by the Foreign Minister of Greece to Algeria.<ref name="old.mfa.gr"/><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=BBAB&d_place=BBAB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F979EE07673354D&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM |title=Algerian, Greek foreign ministers agree to boost cooperation (Algerian Radio) |access-date=2009-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019234749/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=BBAB&d_place=BBAB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F979EE07673354D&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM |archive-date=2012-10-19 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2003, Greek [National] Defence Minister Ioannos Papandoniou visited Algeria to discuss ways to consolidate military cooperation between Algeria and Greece.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=BBAB&d_place=BBAB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F95E59E879EBCEF&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM |title=Greek defence minister in Algeria 28 January (Algerian Radio) |access-date=2009-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019234800/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=BBAB&d_place=BBAB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F95E59E879EBCEF&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM |archive-date=2012-10-19 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Since 2000, Algeria has supplied Greece with natural gas by virtue of a long-term Agreement between the two countries. The [[liquefied natural gas]] is transported by special vessels before eventually reaching the appropriate plant located in Megara, Attica.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121026070252/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-58045215.html ALGERIA: ALGERIAN GAS EXPORTS TO GREECE, IPR Strategic Business Information Database]</ref> The exports of Algerian products to Greece amounted to $89 million in 2001, including mainly oil and oil derivatives, natural gas, inorganic chemicals, iron and steel. In the same year, Greek exports to Algeria amounted to $50.78 million, consisting mainly of cereals and related derivatives, tobacco products, pharmaceuticals, medical and non-ferrous minerals.<ref name="old.mfa.gr"/>

In 2007, Algeria was ranked 6th among Greece's Arab trade partners.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gr/www.mfa.gr/en-US/Policy/Geographic+Regions/Mediterranean+-+Middle+East/Bilateral+Relations/Algeria/ |title=Greece Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Algeria |access-date=2009-07-18 |archive-date=2008-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080616170138/http://www.mfa.gr/www.mfa.gr/en-US/Policy/Geographic+Regions/Mediterranean+-+Middle+East/Bilateral+Relations/Algeria/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Algeria has an embassy in [[Athens]].
* Greece has an embassy in Algiers.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Holy See}}||6 March 1972||See [[Algeria–Holy See relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 March 1972.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic Relations Of The Holy See |url=https://holyseemission.org/contents/mission/diplomatic-relations-of-the-holy-see.php |access-date=1 December 2023 |website=Permanent Observer Mission of the Holy See to the United Nations}}</ref>

* Algeria is accredited to the Holy See from its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in Geneva, Switzerland.
* Holy See has an apostolic nunciature in Algiers.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Italy}}||1 October 1962||See [[Algeria–Italy relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1962.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jean-François Juilliard, Françoise Moussu |title=Chronologie des faits internationaux d'ordre juridique. Annuaire Français de Droit International / Année 1962 / 8 / |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/afdi_0066-3085_1962_num_8_1_1015 |access-date=30 November 2023 |journal=Annuaire Français de Droit International |date=1962 |volume=8 |issue=1 |page=1088 |language=fr}}</ref>

Two countries have a strong connection, as northern part of Algeria's today was formerly territory of the [[Roman Empire]] which was originally from modern-day Italy. Italy and Algeria's relations is viewed as important for stability in the region.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ispionline.it/en/pubblicazione/italy-and-algeria-stable-partnership-troubled-region-15152|title=Italy and Algeria, a stable partnership in a troubled region|date=30 May 2016}}</ref>

* Algeria has an embassy in [[Rome]] and a consulate-general in [[Milan]].
* Italy has an embassy in Algiers. 
* Both nations are members of the [[Union for the Mediterranean]].

Italy is also Algeria's top commercial partner, with an exchange worth 8.67 billion dollars and a volume of imports of 4.41 billion, or 17.24% of global Algerian exports.<ref>{{Cite web|last=breaking|first=dz|title=Italy is Algeria's top commercial partner {{!}} DZ Breaking|date=12 January 2017 |url=https://www.dzbreaking.com/2017/01/12/null-14618/|access-date=2021-08-30|language=en-US}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Poland}}||2 May 1962||See [[Algeria–Poland relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 May 1962.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bogdan Grzeloński |title=Dyplomacja polska w XX wieku |publisher=Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie |year=2006 |pages=128 |language=pl}}</ref>

* Algeria has an embassy in [[Warsaw]].
* Poland has an embassy in Algiers.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Portugal}}||7 March 1975||Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 March 1975.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Algeria |url=https://portaldiplomatico.mne.gov.pt/en/bilateral-relations/general-countries/algeria |access-date=1 December 2023 |newspaper=Diplomatic Portal}}</ref>
* Algeria has an embassy in [[Lisbon]].
* Portugal has an embassy in Algiers.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Romania}}||16 April 1962||Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 April 1962.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic Relations of Romania |url=https://www.mae.ro/en/node/2187 |access-date=4 October 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs Romania}}</ref>
* Algeria has an embassy in [[Bucharest]].<ref>[http://www.mae.ro/index.php?unde=doc&id=5833&idlnk=4&cat=6 Romanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs: direction of the Algerian embassy in Bucharerst]</ref>
* Romania has an embassy in Algiers.<ref>[http://www.mae.ro/index.php?unde=doc&id=6199&idlnk=4&cat=6 Romanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs: direction of the Romanian embassy in Algiers]</ref>
* Both are members of the [[Union for the Mediterranean]]
* [http://193.194.78.233/ma_fr/search.php?query=Roumanie&what=stories&limit=40&pgsearch=1&x=10&y=21 Algerian Ministry of Foreign Affairs: information about relations with Romania (in French only)]{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Russia}}||23 March 1962||See [[Algeria–Russia relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 March 1962.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic relations between the Soviet Union and Algeria were established on March 23, 1962. |url=https://x.com/mfa_russia/status/1242180702780690438?s=20 |access-date=1 December 2023 |website=MFA Russia}}</ref>

Algeria and Russia have had a strong military cooperation since the Algerian independence, as Algiers turned towards the USSR for purchasing armaments. Indeed, from 1962 to 1989, Algeria spent approximately 11 billion dollars for Soviet weapons: planes (MiG-21, MiG-23 et Su-24), tanks (T-55 et T-72), armored vehicles, several ships (including submarines), light weapons and ammunition.<ref name=":2" />
* Algeria has an [[Embassy of Algeria in Moscow|Embassy in Moscow]].
* Russia has an [[Embassy of Russia in Algiers|Embassy in Algiers]] and a consulate in [[Annaba]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Serbia}}||5 July 1962||See [[Algeria–Serbia relations]]

Algeria and Serbia (formerly [[Yugoslavia]]) formed a strong diplomatic relation shortly after the [[1962 Algerian independence referendum|Algerian independence]], marked by economic, military but also ideological cooperation. Indeed, the Yugoslavian economic system constituted a model for the Algerian-style autogestion experimented in the early Ben Bella years. Henceforth, the Yugoslavian government sent technical advisers and agricultural material to Algeria. Moreover, Yugoslavia and Algeria shared similar views on international matters, such as the necessity for the extension of the [[Non-Aligned Movement]]. Indeed, [[Josip Broz Tito|Tito]] saw in Algeria a way to legitimate the possibility of diversity in [[socialism]], rather than the imposed and monolithic [[Soviet Union|Soviet]]-model. Their alliance was also geopolitically strategic: Algeria constituted a gate into the African and Arab worlds for Yugoslavia, who intended to create stronger links with this continent. Therefore, while Yugoslavia benefited from Algerian close relations with African countries, Algeria could use Yugoslavian greater military and logistical resources to pursue its program of exporting revolution in the continent.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Byrne |first1=Jeffrey James |title=Beyond Continents, Colours, and the Cold War: Yugoslavia, Algeria, and the Struggle for Non-Alignment |journal=The International History Review |date=10 June 2015 |volume=37 |issue=5 |pages=912–932 |doi=10.1080/07075332.2015.1051569|s2cid=154033045 }}</ref>

* Algeria has an embassy in [[Belgrade]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.rs/Embassies/alzir/alzirs_e.html |title=Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs: direction of the Algerian embassy in Belgrade |access-date=2009-05-20 |archive-date=2009-05-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503193338/http://www.mfa.gov.rs/Embassies/alzir/alzirs_e.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Serbia has an embassy in Algiers.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ambserbie-alger.com/ |title=Serbian embassy in Algiers (in French and Serbian only) |access-date=2009-05-20 |archive-date=2009-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090223201224/http://www.ambserbie-alger.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [http://www.mfa.gov.rs/Policy/Bilaterala/Algeria/index_e.html Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about bilateral relations with Algeria] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519070554/http://mfa.gov.rs/Policy/Bilaterala/Algeria/index_e.html |date=2011-05-19 }}
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Spain}}||18 December  1962||See [[Algeria–Spain relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 December 1962.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Relaciones diplomáticas del Estado Espaniol |url=https://www.raco.cat/index.php/AnuarioCIDOB/article/download/33281/85107/ |access-date=4 October 2023 |page=307 |language=es}}</ref>

* Algeria has an embassy in [[Madrid]] and consulates-general in [[Alicante]] and [[Barcelona]].
* Spain has an embassy in Algiers and a consulate-general in [[Oran]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Ukraine}}||20 August 1992||See [[Algeria–Ukraine relations]]

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 August 1992.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Middle East and Africa: Algeria |url=https://mfa.gov.ua/en/about-ukraine/bilateral-cooperation/middle-east-and-africa |access-date=30 November 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine}}</ref>
* Algeria has an embassy in [[Kyiv]].
* Ukraine has an embassy in Algiers.
|}