Editing Fishing (section)

==Fisheries management==
[[File:Fishing down the food web.jpg|thumb|right|{{center|[[Fishing down the food web]]}}]]
{{main|Fisheries management|Fisheries science}}

Fisheries management draws on [[fisheries science]] to find ways to protect [[fishery]] resources so sustainable exploitation is possible. Modern fisheries management is often referred to as a governmental system of management rules based on defined objectives and a mix of management means to implement the rules, which are put in place by a system of [[monitoring control and surveillance]].

[[Fisheries science]] is the academic discipline of managing and understanding fisheries. It is a multidisciplinary science, which draws on the disciplines of [[oceanography]], [[marine biology]], [[marine conservation]], [[ecology]], [[Population dynamics of fisheries|population dynamics]], [[economics]] and management in an attempt to provide an integrated picture of fisheries. In some cases new disciplines have emerged, such as [[bioeconomics (biology)|bioeconomics]].

===Sustainability===
{{main|Sustainable fishing}}
Stocks fished within biologically sustainable levels decreased from 90% in 1974 to 62.3% in 2021.<ref name="cd0683en"/> Issues involved in the long term sustainability of fishing include [[overfishing]], [[by-catch]], [[marine pollution]], [[environmental effects of fishing]], [[Ghost net|ghost fishing]], [[Fisheries and climate change|climate change]], [[fisheries-induced evolution]] and [[fish farming]].

Conservation issues are part of [[marine conservation]], and are addressed in [[fisheries science]] programs. There is a growing gap between how many fish are available to be caught and humanity's desire to catch them, a problem that gets worse as the [[world population]] grows.

Similar to other [[environmental issues]], there can be conflict between the fishermen who depend on fishing for their livelihoods and [[Fisheries scientists|fishery scientists]] who realise that if future fish populations are to be [[Sustainable fishing|sustainable]] then some fisheries must limit fishing or cease operations.
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