Editing Fever (section)

==Function==
[[Image:fever-conceptual.svg|thumb|upright=1.6|Hyperthermia: Characterized on the left. Normal body temperature (thermoregulatory set point) is shown in green, while the hyperthermic temperature is shown in red. As can be seen, hyperthermia can be conceptualized as an increase above the thermoregulatory set point.<br />Hypothermia: Characterized in the center: Normal body temperature is shown in green, while the hypothermic temperature is shown in blue. As can be seen, hypothermia can be conceptualized as a decrease below the thermoregulatory set point.<br />Fever: Characterized on the right: Normal body temperature is shown in green. It reads "New Normal" because the thermoregulatory set point has risen. This has caused what was the normal body temperature (in blue) to be considered hypothermic.]]

=== Immune function ===
Fever is thought to contribute to host defense,<ref name="Sch2006" /> as the reproduction of [[pathogen]]s with strict temperature requirements can be hindered, and the rates of some important immunological reactions are increased by temperature.<ref name="Fischler">{{cite journal | vauthors = Fischler MP, Reinhart WH | title = [Fever: friend or enemy?] | language = de | journal = Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift | volume = 127 | issue = 20 | pages = 864–870 | date = May 1997 | pmid = 9289813 }}</ref> Fever has been described in teaching texts as assisting the healing process in various ways, including:
:* increased mobility of [[leukocytes]];<ref name = Craven2003>{{cite book |vauthors=Craven RF, Hirnle CJ | year = 2003 | title = Fundamentals of Nursing: Human Health and Function | edition = 4th | location = Philadelphia, PA | publisher = Lippincott Williams & Wilkins | isbn = 9780781758185 | url = https://archive.org/details/fundamentalsofnu0000unse_c8z5 | url-access = registration |  access-date = 2 April 2020 }}</ref>{{rp|1044}}
:* enhanced leukocyte [[phagocytosis]];<ref name = Craven2003/>{{rp|1030}}
:* decreased [[endotoxin]] effects;<ref name = Craven2003/>{{rp|1029}} and
:* increased [[Cell proliferation|proliferation]] of [[T cells]].<ref name = Craven2003/>{{rp|1030}}<ref name=LewisDirksenHeitkemper2005>{{cite book |vauthors=Lewis SM, Dirksen SR, Heitkemper MM  | year = 2005 | title = Medical-Surgical Nursing: Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems | edition = 6th | location = Amsterdam, NL | publisher = Elsevier-Health Sciences | isbn = 9780323031059 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=3TerPAAACAAJ |  access-date = 2 April 2020 }}</ref>{{rp|212}}

=== Advantages and disadvantages ===
A fever response to an infectious disease is generally regarded as protective, whereas fever in non-infections may be maladaptive.<ref name="kiek">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kiekkas P, Aretha D, Bakalis N, Karpouhtsi I, Marneras C, Baltopoulos GI |title=Fever effects and treatment in critical care: literature review |journal=Australian Critical Care |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=130–135 |date=August 2013 |pmid=23199670 |doi=10.1016/j.aucc.2012.10.004 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid9917881">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kluger MJ, Kozak W, Conn CA, Leon LR, Soszynski D |date=September 1998 |title=Role of fever in disease |journal=Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences |volume=856 |issue=1 |pages=224–233 |bibcode=1998NYASA.856..224K |doi=10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb08329.x |pmid=9917881 |s2cid=12408561|doi-access=free }}</ref> Studies have not been consistent on whether treating fever generally worsens or improves mortality risk.<ref name="SepticReview2017">{{Cite journal |last1=Drewry |first1=Anne M. |last2=Ablordeppey |first2=Enyo A. |last3=Murray |first3=Ellen T. |last4=Stoll |first4=Carolyn R. T. |last5=Izadi |first5=Sonya R. |last6=Dalton |first6=Catherine M. |last7=Hardi |first7=Angela C. |last8=Fowler |first8=Susan A. |last9=Fuller |first9=Brian M. |last10=Colditz |first10=Graham A. |year=2017 |title=Antipyretic Therapy in Critically Ill Septic Patients |journal=Critical Care Medicine |volume=45 |issue=5 |pages=806–813 |doi=10.1097/CCM.0000000000002285 |pmc=5389594 |pmid=28221185}}</ref> Benefits or harms may depend on the type of infection, health status of the patient and other factors.<ref name=kiek/>  Studies using [[warm-blooded]] [[vertebrates]] suggest that they recover more rapidly from infections or critical illness due to fever.<ref name="VUB">{{cite journal |vauthors=Su F, Nguyen ND, Wang Z, Cai Y, Rogiers P, Vincent JL |date=June 2005 |title=Fever control in septic shock: beneficial or harmful? |journal=Shock |volume=23 |issue=6 |pages=516–520 |pmid=15897803}}</ref> In [[sepsis]], fever is associated with reduced mortality.<ref>{{cite journal|display-authors=3 |last1=Rumbus |first1=Z |last2=Matics |first2=R |last3=Hegyi |first3=P |last4=Zsiboras |first4=C |last5=Szabo |first5=I |last6=Illes |first6=A |last7=Petervari |first7=E |last8=Balasko |first8=M |last9=Marta |first9=K |last10=Miko |first10=A |last11=Parniczky |first11=A |last12=Tenk |first12=J |last13=Rostas |first13=I |last14=Solymar |first14=M |last15=Garami |first15=A |title=Fever Is Associated with Reduced, Hypothermia with Increased Mortality in Septic Patients: A Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials. |journal=PLOS ONE |date=2017 |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=e0170152 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0170152 |pmid=28081244|pmc=5230786 |bibcode=2017PLoSO..1270152R |doi-access=free }}</ref>{{citation needed|date=December 2020}}