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===Other technical terms=== * [[Fiscal federalism]] β the relative financial positions and the financial relations between the levels of government in a federal system. * Formal federalism (or '[[constitutional federalism]]') β the delineation of powers is specified in a written constitution, which may or may not correspond to the actual operation of the system in practice. * [[Executive federalism]] refers in the English-speaking tradition to the intergovernmental relationships between the executive branches of the levels of government in a federal system and in the continental European tradition to the way constituent units 'execute' or administer laws made centrally. * [[Gleichschaltung]] β the conversion from a federal governance to either a completely unitary or more unitary one, the term was borrowed from the German for conversion from [[Alternating current|alternating]] to [[direct current]].<ref>{{cite book | last=Koonz | first=Claudia | title=The Nazi Conscience | location=Cambridge, MA | publisher=Belknap Press of Harvard University Press | year=2003 | isbn=978-0-674-01172-4|page=72 | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/naziconscience00koon }}</ref> During the Nazi era the [[States of the Weimar Republic|traditional German states]] were mostly left intact in the formal sense, but their constitutional rights and sovereignty were eroded and ultimately ended and replaced with the [[Gau (territory)#Nazi period|Gau system]]. ''Gleichschaltung'' also has a broader sense referring to political consolidation in general. * defederalize β to remove from federal government, such as taking a responsibility from a national level government and giving it to states or provinces.
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