Editing Fair use (section)

=== Professional communities ===
In addition to considering the four fair use factors, courts deciding fair use cases also look to the standards and practices of the professional community where the case comes from.<ref name=Madison>{{cite journal|last1=Madison|first1=Michael J.|title=A Pattern-Oriented Approach to Fair Use|journal=William and Mary Law Review|date=2004|volume=45|url=http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/6048/1/Madison_Pattern_Oriented_Approach_20032004.pdf|access-date=November 16, 2015|archive-date=November 17, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117014339/http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/6048/1/Madison_Pattern_Oriented_Approach_20032004.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Among the communities are documentarians,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cmsimpact.org/fair-use/best-practices/documentary-filmmakers-statement-best-practices-fair-use |title=Documentary Filmmakers' Statement of Best Practices in Fair Use |publisher=Center for Media & Social Impact |access-date=November 18, 2015 |archive-date=November 19, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119094637/http://www.cmsimpact.org/fair-use/best-practices/documentary-filmmakers-statement-best-practices-fair-use |url-status=live }}</ref> librarians,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.arl.org/focus-areas/copyright-ip/fair-use/code-of-best-practices |title=Code of Best Practices in Fair Use |publisher=Association of Research Libraries |access-date=November 18, 2015 |archive-date=November 17, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117162220/http://www.arl.org/focus-areas/copyright-ip/fair-use/code-of-best-practices |url-status=dead }}</ref> makers of Open Courseware, visual art educators,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://vraweb.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/VRA_FairUse_Statement_Pages_Links.pdf |title=Statement on the Fair Use of Images for Teaching, Research, and Study |publisher=Visual Resources Association |access-date=November 18, 2015 |archive-date=January 17, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117030118/http://vraweb.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/VRA_FairUse_Statement_Pages_Links.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> and communications professors.<ref name=ICA>{{cite web|last1=The International Communication Association|title=Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for Scholarly Research in Communication|url=http://www.cmsimpact.org/fair-use/best-practices/code-best-practices-fair-use-scholarly-research-communication|website=Center for Media and Social Impact|date=June 9, 2010 |access-date=November 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116140807/http://www.cmsimpact.org/fair-use/best-practices/code-best-practices-fair-use-scholarly-research-communication|archive-date=November 16, 2015}}</ref>

Such codes of best practices have permitted communities of practice to make more informed risk assessments in employing fair use in their daily practice.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://centerforsocialmedia.org/libraries/articles/success-of-codes |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130414102653/http://centerforsocialmedia.org/libraries/articles/success-of-codes |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 14, 2013 |title=Success of Fair Use Consensus Documents |publisher=Center for Social Media |access-date=September 2, 2013 }}</ref> For instance, broadcasters, cablecasters, and distributors typically require filmmakers to obtain [[Professional liability insurance|errors and omissions insurance]] before the distributor will take on the film. Such insurance protects against errors and omissions made during the copyright clearance of material in the film. Before the ''Documentary Filmmakers' Statement of Best Practices in Fair Use'' was created in 2005, it was nearly impossible to obtain errors and omissions insurance for copyright clearance work that relied in part on fair use. This meant documentarians had either to obtain a license for the material or to cut it from their films. In many cases, it was impossible to license the material because the filmmaker sought to use it in a critical way. Soon after the best practices statement was released, all errors and omissions insurers in the U.S. shifted to begin offering routine fair use coverage.<ref name=Aufderheide>{{cite book|last1=Aufderheide|first1=Patricia|last2=Jaszi|first2=Peter|title=Reclaiming Fair Use: How to Put Balance Back in Copyright|date=2011|publisher=University of Chicago Press|location=Chicago|isbn=978-0-226-03228-3}}</ref>