Editing Ezra Pound (section)

===''Des Imagistes'', dispute with Amy Lowell===
[[File:Ezra Pound by Wyndham Lewis, 1919.jpeg|thumb|left|Pound by [[Wyndham Lewis]], 1919. The portrait is lost.]]

The appearance of ''[[Des Imagistes|Des Imagistes, An Anthology]]'' (1914), edited by Pound, "confirmed the importance" of ''Imagisme'', according to [[Ira Nadel]].<ref name=Nadel2001p2>Nadel (2001), 2</ref> Published in the American magazine ''[[The Glebe]]'' in February 1914 and the following month as a book, it was the first of five Imagist anthologies and the only one to contain work by Pound.<ref>Thacker (2018), 3</ref> It included ten poems by [[Richard Aldington]], seven by [[H. D.]], followed by Flint, [[Skipwith Cannell]], Lowell, Carlos Williams, [[James Joyce]] ("I Hear an Army", not an example of Imagism), six by Pound, then Hueffer (as he was known as the time), [[Allen Upward]] and [[John Cournos]].<ref>Pound (1914), 5–6; for Joyce, see Thacker (2018), 5–6</ref>

Shortly after its publication, an advertisement for Lewis's new magazine, ''[[Blast (British magazine)|Blast]]'' promised it would cover "[[Cubism]], [[Futurism]], Imagisme and all Vital Forms of Modern Art."<ref>{{cite journal |title=BLAST |journal=Poetry: A Magazine of Verse |date=May 1914 |volume=4 |issue=2 |page=Advertising Section |url=https://modjourn.org/issue/bdr459937/ |access-date=February 7, 2024}}</ref> Described by Pound as "mostly a painter's magazine with me to do the poems,"<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pound |first1=Ezra |title=Pound/Joyce; the Letters of Ezra Pound to James Joyce |date=1967 |publisher=New Directions |location=New York |isbn=0811201597 |page=26 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GZMNYLgd5X4C |access-date=February 4, 2024}}</ref> and bearing the heavy influence of Futurism,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rainey |first1=Lawrence |title=Institutions of Modernism |date=1998 |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven and London |isbn=0300070500 |pages=37–38 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qW1tsJNrnfwC |access-date=February 7, 2024}}</ref> ''Blast'' was the magazine of a London art movement formed by Lewis with Pound's collaboration. Pound named the movement&nbsp;[[Vorticism]].{{efn|Pound (1914): "The image is a radiant node or cluster&nbsp;...by Pound.  a VORTEX, from which, and through which, and into which, ideas are constantly rushing."<ref name=Moody2007p230>Moody (2007), 230, 256</ref> "All experience rushes into this vortex," he wrote in ''Blast'' in June 1914. "All the energized past&nbsp;... RACE, RACE-MEMORY, instinct charging the PLACID, NON-ENERGIZED FUTURE."<ref>Pound (June 1914), 153</ref>}} Vorticism included all the arts, and in ''Blast'' "the Imagist propaganda merged into the Vorticist."<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kenner |first1=Hugh |title=The Pound Era |date=1971 |publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeley and Los Angeles |isbn=0520024273 |page=191 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AFPWShhB7mkC |access-date=February 7, 2024}}</ref>
In the end, ''Blast'' was published only twice, in 1914 and 1915. In June 1914 ''The Times'' announced Lewis's new Rebel Arts Centre for Vorticist art at 38 [[Great Ormond Street]].<ref>"'Vorticist' Art". ''The Times''. 13 June 1914. Issue 40549, 5.</ref>&nbsp;&nbsp;

Lowell, who was to win the [[Pulitzer Prize for Poetry]] in 1926, was unhappy that only one of her poems had appeared in ''Des Imagistes''. She arrived in London in July 1914 to attend two dinners at the Dieudonné restaurant in Ryder Street, the first to celebrate the publication of ''Blast'' and the second, on 17 July, the publication of ''Des Imagistes''. At the second, Ford Madox Hueffer announced that he had been an Imagiste long before Lowell and Pound, and that he doubted their qualifications; only Aldington and H.D. could lay claim to the title, in his view. During the subsequent row, Pound left the table and returned with a tin bathtub on his head, suggesting it as a symbol of what he called ''Les Nagistes'', a school created by Lowell's poem "In a Garden", which ends with "Night, and the water, and you in your whiteness, bathing!" Apparently his behavior helped Lowell win people over to her point of view, as did her offer to fund future work.<ref>Doyle (2016), 31–32; Moody (2007), 225; for the line, Lowell (1955), 74</ref>

H.D. and Aldington were moving away from Pound's understanding of ''Imagisme'' anyway, as he aligned himself with Lewis's ideas.<ref>Aldington (1941), 139; Moody (2007), 223</ref> Lowell agreed to finance an annual anthology of ''Imagiste'' poets, but she insisted on democracy; according to Aldington, she "proposed a [[Boston Tea Party]] for Ezra" and an end to his despotic rule.<ref>Aldington (1941), 139; Thacker (2018), 6</ref> Upset at Lowell, Pound began to call ''Imagisme'' "Amygism";<ref>Moody (2007), 223</ref> he declared the movement dead and asked the group not to call themselves ''Imagistes''. Not accepting that it was Pound's invention, they refused and Anglicized the term.<ref>Moody (2007), 224; Thacker (2018), 2, 5–6</ref>