Editing Expressive aphasia (section)

===Medication===
In addition to active speech therapy, pharmaceuticals have also been considered as a useful treatment for expressive aphasia. This area of study is relatively new and much research continues to be conducted.

The following drugs have been suggested for use in treating aphasia and their efficacy has been studied in control studies.
* [[Bromocriptine]] – acts on [[Catecholamine]] Systems<ref name='de Boissezon'>{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.bandl.2006.07.004|title=Pharmacotherapy of aphasia: Myth or reality?|journal=Brain and Language|year=2007|first=de Boissezon|last=Xavier|author2=Patrice Peran|pmid=16982084|volume=102|issue=1|pages=114–125|s2cid=38304960}}</ref>
* [[Piracetam]] – mechanism not fully understood, but most likely interacts with cholinergic and glutamatergic receptors, among others<ref name='de Boissezon' />
* [[Cholinergic]] drugs ([[Donepezil]], [[Aniracetam]], [[Bifemelane]]) – acts on [[acetylcholine]] systems<ref name='de Boissezon' />
* [[Dopaminergic]] [[psychostimulants]]: ([[Dexamphetamine]], [[Methylphenidate]])<ref name='de Boissezon' />

The most effect has been shown by piracetam and amphetamine, which may increase [[Neuroplasticity|cerebral plasticity]] and result in an increased capability to improve language function. It has been seen that piracetam is most effective when treatment is begun immediately following stroke. When used in chronic cases it has been much less efficient.{{sfn|Berthier|2005}}

Bromocriptine has been shown by some studies to increase verbal fluency and word retrieval with therapy than with just therapy alone.<ref name='de Boissezon' />  Furthermore, its use seems to be restricted to non-fluent aphasia.<ref name='Berthier' />

Donepezil has shown a potential for helping chronic aphasia.<ref name='Berthier' />

No study has established irrefutable evidence that any drug is an effective treatment for aphasia therapy.<ref name='de Boissezon' /> Furthermore, no study has shown any drug to be specific for language recovery.<ref name='Berthier' />  Comparison between the recovery of language function and other motor function using any drug has shown that improvement is due to a global increase plasticity of neural networks.<ref name='de Boissezon' />