Editing Escherichia coli (section)

== Gene nomenclature ==
{{see also|Gene nomenclature#Bacterial genetic nomenclature}}
Genes in ''E. coli'' are usually named in accordance with the uniform nomenclature proposed by Demerec et al.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Demerec M, Adelberg EA, Clark AJ, Hartman PE | title = A proposal for a uniform nomenclature in bacterial genetics | journal = Genetics | volume = 54 | issue = 1 | pages = 61–76 | date = July 1966 | pmid = 5961488 | pmc = 1211113 | doi = 10.1093/genetics/54.1.61 }}</ref> Gene names are 3-letter acronyms that derive from their function (when known) or mutant phenotype and are italicized. When multiple genes have the same acronym, the different genes are designated by a capital later that follows the acronym and is also italicized. For instance, ''recA'' is named after its role in [[homologous recombination]] plus the letter A. Functionally related genes are named ''recB'', ''recC'', ''recD'' etc. The proteins are named by uppercase acronyms, e.g. [[RecA]], [[RecBCD|RecB]], etc. When the genome of ''E. coli'' strain K-12 substr. MG1655 was sequenced, all known or predicted protein-coding genes were numbered (more or less) in their order on the genome and abbreviated by b numbers, such as b2819 (= ''recD''). The "b" names were created after Fred <u>B</u>lattner, who led the genome sequence effort.<ref name="Blattner_1997" /> Another numbering system was introduced with the sequence of another ''E. coli'' K-12 substrain, W3110, which was sequenced in Japan and hence uses numbers starting by JW... (<u>J</u>apanese <u>W</u>3110), e.g. JW2787 (= ''recD'').<ref name="Hayashi">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hayashi K, Morooka N, Yamamoto Y, Fujita K, Isono K, Choi S, Ohtsubo E, Baba T, Wanner BL, Mori H, Horiuchi T | display-authors = 6 | title = Highly accurate genome sequences of ''Escherichia coli'' K-12 strains MG1655 and W3110 | journal = Molecular Systems Biology | volume = 2 | pages = 2006.0007 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16738553 | pmc = 1681481 | doi = 10.1038/msb4100049 }}</ref>  Hence, ''recD'' = b2819 = JW2787. Note, however, that most databases have their own numbering system, e.g. the EcoGene database<ref name="Ecogene">{{cite journal | vauthors = Zhou J, Rudd KE | title = EcoGene 3.0 | journal = Nucleic Acids Research | volume = 41 | issue = Database issue | pages = D613–24 | date = January 2013 | pmid = 23197660 | pmc = 3531124 | doi = 10.1093/nar/gks1235 }}</ref>  uses EG10826 for ''recD''. Finally, ECK numbers are specifically used for alleles in the MG1655 strain of ''E. coli'' K-12.<ref name="Ecogene" /> Complete lists of genes and their synonyms can be obtained from databases such as EcoGene or [[UniProt|Uniprot]].