Editing Epilepsy (section)

=== Metabolic ===
Metabolic causes of epilepsy include metabolic disorders that disrupt the brain’s normal function. In rare cases, epilepsy may result from [[inborn errors of metabolism]], such as [[Mitochondrial disease|mitochondrial diseases]], [[Urea cycle|urea cycle disorders]], or glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1) deficiency. These often present early in life and may be associated with developmental delays, movement disorders, or other neurological symptoms.<ref name="Scheffer2017" />

Seizures can also occur in the context of acquired metabolic disturbances, such as hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, or hypocalcemia. These seizures are often considered acute symptomatic seizures, and are not epilepsy.

Some forms of malnutrition, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, have been associated with a higher risk of epilepsy, although it remains unclear whether the relationship is causal or due to other contributing factors.<ref name="Poor2012" />