Editing Emotion (section)

==== 19th century ====
Perspectives on emotions from evolutionary theory were initiated during the mid-late 19th century with [[Charles Darwin]]'s 1872 book ''[[The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals]]''.<ref>Darwin, Charles (1872). ''The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals''. Note: This book was originally published in 1872, but has been reprinted many times thereafter by different publishers</ref> Darwin argued that emotions served no evolved purpose for humans, neither in communication, nor in aiding survival.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Hess|first1=Ursula|last2=Thibault|s2cid=31276371|title=Darwin & Emotion Expression|date=2009|department=The Principle of Serviceable Habits|journal=American Psychologist|volume=64|issue=2|pages=120–128|doi=10.1037/a0013386|pmid=19203144|quote=for most emotion expressions, Darwin insisted that they were functional in the past or were functional in animals but not in humans.}}</ref> Darwin largely argued that emotions evolved via the inheritance of acquired characters. He pioneered various methods for studying non-verbal expressions, from which he concluded that some expressions had [[cross-cultural]] universality. Darwin also detailed homologous expressions of emotions that [[emotion in animals|occur in animals]]. This led the way for animal research on emotions and the eventual determination of the neural underpinnings of emotion.{{Citation needed|date=April 2025}}