Editing Emmy Noether (section)

===Refuge at Bryn Mawr and Princeton===
[[File:Entrance Bryn Mawr.JPG|thumb|right|[[Bryn Mawr College]] provided a welcoming home for Noether during the last two&nbsp;years of her life.]]
As dozens of newly unemployed professors began searching for positions outside of Germany, their colleagues in the United States sought to provide assistance and job opportunities for them. [[Albert Einstein]] and [[Hermann Weyl]] were appointed by the [[Institute for Advanced Study]] in [[Princeton, New Jersey|Princeton]], while others worked to find a sponsor required for legal [[immigration]]. Noether was contacted by representatives of two educational institutions: [[Bryn Mawr College]], in the United States, and [[Somerville College]] at the [[University of Oxford]], in England. After a series of negotiations with the [[Rockefeller Foundation]], a grant to Bryn Mawr was approved for Noether and she took a position there, starting in late 1933.{{Sfn|Dick|1981|pp=78–79}}{{Sfn|Kimberling|1981|pp=30–31}}

At Bryn Mawr, Noether met and befriended [[Anna Johnson Pell Wheeler|Anna Wheeler]], who had studied at Göttingen just before Noether arrived there. Another source of support at the college was the Bryn Mawr president, [[Marion Edwards Park]], who enthusiastically invited mathematicians in the area to "see Dr.&nbsp;Noether in action!"{{Sfn|Kimberling|1981|pp=32–33}}{{Sfn|Dick|1981|p=80}}

During her time at Bryn Mawr, Noether formed a group, sometimes called the <em>Noether girls,</em>{{sfn|Rowe|2021|p=222}} of four post-doctoral (Grace Shover Quinn, [[Marie Johanna Weiss]], [[Olga Taussky-Todd]], who all went on to have successful careers in mathematics) and doctoral students (Ruth Stauffer).{{sfn|Rowe|2021|pp=223}} They enthusiastically worked through [[van der Waerden]]'s ''Moderne Algebra&nbsp;I'' and parts of [[Erich Hecke]]'s ''Theorie der algebraischen Zahlen'' (''Theory of algebraic numbers'').{{sfn|Dick|1981|pp=80–81}} Stauffer was Noether's only doctoral student in the United States, but Noether died shortly before she graduated.{{sfn|Dick|1981|pp=85–86}} She took her examination with [[Richard Brauer]] and received her degree in June 1935,{{sfn|Rowe|2021|p=251}} with a thesis concerning separable [[normal extension]]s.{{sfn|Stauffer|1936}} After her doctorate, Stauffer worked as a teacher for a short period and as a statistician for over 30 years.<ref name="MacTutorStudents"/>{{sfn|Rowe|2021|p=251}}

In 1934, Noether began lecturing at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton upon the invitation of [[Abraham Flexner]] and [[Oswald Veblen]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Emmy Noether at the Institute for Advanced Study |url=https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/e7329da167ae4fd690da903f2610432d |website=StoryMaps |date=7 December 2019 |publisher=[[ArcGIS]] |access-date=28 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416231133/https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/e7329da167ae4fd690da903f2610432d |archive-date=16 April 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> She also worked with [[Abraham Adrian Albert|Abraham Albert]] and [[Harry Vandiver]].{{Sfn|Dick|1981|pp=81–82}} However, she remarked about [[Princeton University]] that she was not welcome at "the men's university, where nothing female is admitted".{{Sfn|Dick|1981|p=81}}

Her time in the United States was pleasant, as she was surrounded by supportive colleagues and absorbed in her favorite subjects.{{Sfn|Dick|1981|p=83}} In the summer of 1934, she briefly returned to Germany to see Emil Artin and her brother [[Fritz Noether|Fritz]].{{Sfn|Dick|1981|pp=82–83}} The latter, after having been forced out of his job at the [[Technische Hochschule Breslau]], had accepted a position at the Research Institute for Mathematics and Mechanics in [[Tomsk]], in the Siberian Federal District of Russia.{{Sfn|Dick|1981|pp=82–83}}

Although many of her former colleagues had been forced out of the universities, she was able to use the library in Göttingen as a "foreign scholar". Without incident, Noether returned to the United States and her studies at Bryn Mawr.{{Sfn|Dick|1981|p=82}}{{Sfn|Kimberling|1981|p=34}}