Editing Dushanbe (section)

==Demographics==
The population of Dushanbe grew at a rapid pace following the Soviet invasion of the 1920s, declined during the Tajik Civil War and rising unrest of the 1990s, and resumed its growth after that period.<ref name="Dushanbe-2021a"/> During the mid 20th century, the city had a majority Russian/Eastern European population, but after the civil war, many Russians departed the city and the Tajik population became predominant.<ref name="Dushanbe Encyc-2004b" /> From 2005 to 2014, 53,118 people migrated to the city in total. The average life expectancy of Dushanbe in 2014 was 74.1 years overall, with 71.9 years for men and 76.3 for women.<ref name="Dushanbe-2020d" /> 
{{Historical populations
|1676<ref name="tiroz-2019"/>|7500
|1875<ref name="tiroz-2019" />|10000
|1911<ref>{{Cite book|last=Logofet|first=Dmitry Nikolaevich|url=http://elib.shpl.ru/ru/nodes/16368-t-1-1911#mode/inspect/page/200/zoom/6|title=Бухарское ханство под русским протекторатом|year=1911|location=[[Saint Petersburg]]|trans-title=Bukhara under Russian rule}}</ref>|20000
|1920<ref>{{Cite web|title=Бозоре, ки пойтахт шуд {{!}} جدید آنلاین|url=https://www.jadidonline.com/story/07042010/dr/dushanbeh_cyr|access-date=2021-06-20|website=www.jadidonline.com}}</ref>
|3140|1924<ref name="Atkin-2020" />|283
|1926<ref name="Atkin-2020" />|5600
|1929<ref name="Shermatov-2020" />|7298
|17=1933<ref name="Shermatov-2020" />|18=35818
|19=1939<ref name="Shermatov-2020" /><ref name="Вечёрка-2019" />|20=82540
|21=1949<ref name="CIA-2017" />|22=150000
|23=1956<ref name="Great Soviet Encyclopedia-2021">{{Cite web|title=Dushanbe, Tajikistan|url=https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Dushanbe%2c+Tajikistan|access-date=2021-06-20|website=Great Soviet Encyclopedia}}</ref>|24=227000
|25=1959<ref name="Dushanbe-2021a"/>|26=233500
|27=1965<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/dybsets/1965%20DYB.pdf|title=Demographic Yearbook 1965|publisher=United Nations|page=171}}</ref>|28=312000
|29=1970<ref name="Dushanbe-2021a"/>|30=376200
|31=1971<ref name="Great Soviet Encyclopedia-2021"/>|32=388000
|33=1976<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/dybsets/1976%20DYB.pdf|title=Demographic Yearbook 1976|publisher=United Nations|page=278}}</ref>|34=448000
|35=1979<ref name="Dushanbe-2021a"/>|36=492200
|37=1983<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/dybsets/1984%20DYB.pdf|title=Demographic Yearbook 1984|publisher=United Nations|page=278}}</ref>|38=530000
|39=1987<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/dybsets/1988%20DYB.pdf|title=Demographic Yearbook 1988|publisher=United Nations}}</ref>|40=582000
|41=1989<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|title=1989 All-Union Population Census.|url=http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/resp_nac_89.php?reg=76|access-date=2021-07-08|website=Demoscope}}</ref>|42=601501
|43=1991<ref>{{Cite book|last=Matveeva, Anna|title=The perils of emerging statehood : civil war and state reconstruction in Tajikistan : an analytical narrative.|date=2009|publisher=Crisis States Research Centre|page=5|oclc=436344566}}</ref> |44=592000
|45=1993<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/dybsets/1997%20DYB.pdf|title=Demographic Yearbook 1997|publisher=United Nations|page=254}}</ref>|46=528600
|49=1996<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|title=Population of the Republic of Tajikistan as of January 1, 2020|url=http://stat.ww.tj/posts/July2020/macmua_20201.pdf|website=Agency on Statistics of the Republic of Tajikistan|access-date=29 August 2020|archive-date=1 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210601101228/http://stat.ww.tj/posts/July2020/macmua_20201.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>|50=505600
|53=1998<ref name="Mehrotra-2008">{{cite book | url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/14505/11/11_chapter%203.pdf | title=Ethnicity, religion and politics in Tajikistan (1989-2004) | last=Mehrotra | first=Mansi | date=2008 | publisher=Jawaharlal Nehru University | page=92 | chapter=3 Regional divide: land and people | access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref>|54=538600
|55=2000<ref name="auto"/>|56=564000
|57=2002<ref name="auto"/>|58=591600
|59=2003<ref name="Mehrotra-2008" />|60=619400
|61=2008<ref>Population of the Republic of Tajikistan as of 1 January, State Statistical Committee, Dushanbe, 2008 (Russian)</ref>|62=661000
|63=2010<ref name="Dushanbe-2021a"/>|64=731100

|65=2013<ref name="Dushanbe-2021a"/>|66=764300

|67=2014<ref name="Dushanbe-2021a"/>|68=775800

|69=2015<ref name="Dushanbe-2021a"/>|70=788700

|71=2016<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.stat.tj/ru/img/7a20337ca019c92e18235196b4e62aaa_1470198679.pdf |title=Шумораи аҳолии Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон то 1 январи соли 2016 Ахбороти Агентии омори назди Президенти Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон |access-date=22 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810004846/http://www.stat.tj/ru/img/7a20337ca019c92e18235196b4e62aaa_1470198679.pdf |archive-date=10 August 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>|72=802700

|73=2018<ref name="Dushanbe-2021a"/>|74=835000

|75=2019<ref name="Dushanbe-2021a"/>|76=851300

|77=2020<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://stat.ww.tj/posts/May2021/Tajikistan_Statistical_Publication.pdf|title=Женщины и мужчины Республики Таджикистан|publisher=Agency on Statistics Under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan|year=2020|location=Dushanbe|page=63|language=tg, ru|trans-title=Women and Men of the Republic of Tajikistan|access-date=8 July 2021|archive-date=9 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190138/https://stat.ww.tj/posts/May2021/Tajikistan_Statistical_Publication.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>|78=863400
|79=2022<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=ШУМОРАИ АЊОЛИИ ЉУМЊУРИИ ТОЉИКИСТОН ТО 1 ЯНВАРИ СОЛИ 2022 |url=https://stat.tj/storage//1.01.2022.pdf |access-date=3 February 2023 |archive-date=10 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221010195817/https://stat.tj/storage//1.01.2022.pdf |url-status=dead }}This includes the population from the 2020 area increase.</ref>|80=1,201,800}}
{{Graph:Chart
 | width=500
 | height=200
 | type=area
 | colors=#99B2CC
 | xAxisMin=1350|xAxisMax=2018
 | xAxisTitle=Year
 | x= 1676, 1875, 1911, 1920, 1924, 1926, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1933, 1939, 1949, 1956, 1965, 1971, 1979, 1982, 1987, 1989, 1991, 1993, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006,  2008, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2019, 2020
 | yAxisFormat=s | yGrid= 
 | yAxisTitle=Population
 | y= 7500, 10000, 20000, 3140, 283, 5600, 7298, 15540, 20360, 35818, 82540, 150000, 227000, 312000, 388000, 500000, 512000, 582000, 604000, 592000, 528600, 505600, 538600, 561200, 575900, 589400, 604000, 619400, 631700, 646400, 661000, 679400, 779000, 788700, 802700, 846400, 863400
}}
{{Population pyramid|year=2020<ref name="auto"/>
|f40=2.9|f10=4.4|f15=4.5|f20=4.8|f25=4.7|f30=4.1|f35=3.2|f45=2.8|f0=4.0|f50=2.5|f55=2.0|f60=1.3|f65=.8|f70=.5|f75=.3|f80=.2|f5=4.2|m85=0.1|m0=4.7|m35=3.1|m5=4.5|m10=4.7|m15=5.5|m20=6.2|m25=6.5|m30=4.8|m40=2.6|m80=0.1|m45=2.5|m50=2.3|m55=2.0|m60=1.3|m65=0.8|m70=0.4|m75=0.2|f85=.1}}

{| class="wikitable"
|+
Ethnic composition of Dushanbe by year
!Year
!Tajik
!Russian
!Uzbek
!Tatar
!Ukrainian
!Jewish
!Korean
!German
!Turkmen
!Kirghiz
!Kazakh
!Other
|-
|1939<ref>{{Cite web|title=All-Union Population Census of 1939|url=http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rer_nac_39_gs.php?reg=48&gor=3&Submit=OK|access-date=2021-07-08|website=Demoscope}}</ref>
|12.05
|56.95
|9.02
|4.71
|5.95
|4.09
|.01
|.46
|0.05
|0.11
|0.42
|6.18
|-
|1959<ref name="Dushanbe Encyc-2004b">{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/65068362|title=Dushanbe : ėnt︠s︡iklopedii︠a︡|publisher=Glavnai︠a︡ nauchnai︠a︡ redakt︠s︡ii︠a︡ Tadzhikskoĭ nat︠s︡ionalʹnoĭ ėnt︠s︡iklopedii|others=Dinorshoev, Muso.|year=2004|isbn=5-89870-071-4|location=Dushanbe|page=22|oclc=65068362|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101028115236/http://dushanbe.tj/img/ENS.doc|archive-date=28 October 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=All-Union Population Census of 1959|url=http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/resp_nac_59.php?reg=74|access-date=2021-07-08|website=Demoscope}}</ref>
|18.7
|47.83
|10.31
|5.5
|4.4
|3.88
|0.14
|3.55
|0.05
|0.11
|0.17
|5.36
|-
|1970<ref name="Dushanbe Encyc-2004b" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=1970 All-Union Population Census.|url=http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/resp_nac_70.php?reg=80|access-date=2021-07-08|website=Demoscope}}</ref>
|26.4
|41.92
|10.26
|5.13
|3.54
|3.04
|0.87
|3.62
|0.08
|0.14
|0.15
|4.85
|-
|1979<ref name="Dushanbe Encyc-2004b" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=1979 All-Union Population Census.|url=http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/resp_nac_79.php?reg=89|access-date=2021-07-08|website=Demoscope}}</ref>
|31.61
|38.51
|10.03
|4.73
|3.59
|2.26
|1.01
|3.09
|0.11
|0.14
|0.15
|4.77
|-
|1989<ref name="Dushanbe Encyc-2004b" /><ref name="auto1"/>
|39.13
|32.37
|10.43
|4.09
|3.55
|2
|1.10
|2.28
|0.12
|0.17
|0.18
|4.58
|-
|2000<ref name="Dushanbe Encyc-2004b" />
|84.4
|5.1
|9.1
|.7
|.3
|.02
|
|
|
|.06
|
|1.32
|-
|2003<ref>{{cite book | url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/14505/11/11_chapter%203.pdf | title=Ethnicity, religion and politics in Tajikistan (1989-2004) | last=Mehrotra | first=Mansi | date=2008 | publisher=Jawaharlal Nehru University | page=116 | chapter=3 Regional divide: land and people | access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref>
|83.4
|5.1
|
|.7
|.3
|
|.1
|1.1
|
|
|
|9.3
|-
|2010<ref name="Dushanbe-2021b">{{Cite web|title=/ Исполнительный орган государственной власти города Душанбе|url=https://www.dushanbe.tj/ru/ma-lumoti-umum-|access-date=2021-04-12|website=www.dushanbe.tj}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-10-14|title=Национальный состав, владение языками и гражданство населения Республики Таджикистан|url=http://www.stat.tj/ru/img/526b8592e834fcaaccec26a22965ea2b_1355501132.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014054442/http://www.stat.tj/ru/img/526b8592e834fcaaccec26a22965ea2b_1355501132.pdf|archive-date=2013-10-14|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-08|website=Tajikistan Agency of Statistics|language=ru, tg}}</ref>
|89.5
|2.63
|6.71
|0.26
|
|
|
|
|.1
|0.08
|0.03
|0.7
|}The main languages spoken in Dushanbe are the two official languages, [[Tajik language|Tajik]] and [[Russian language|Russian]], along with the widely-spoken minority language [[Uzbek language|Uzbek]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Aminov|first1=K.|last2=Jensen|first2=V.|last3=Juraev|first3=S.|last4=Overland|first4=I.|last5=Tyan|first5=D.|last6=Uulu|first6=Y.|date=Spring 2010|title=Language Use and Language Policy in Central Asia|url=http://osce-academy.net/upload/file/language_use_and_language_policy_in_central_asia.pdf|journal=Central Asia Regional Data Review|volume=2|pages=1–29}}</ref>

=== Religion ===
Islam was introduced to Dushanbe in the eighth century<ref name="Dushanbe Encyc-2004k" /> and today, the majority of the city follows [[Sunni Islam]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Stephan|first=Manja|date=December 2010|title=Education, youth and Islam: the growing popularity of private religious lessons in Dushanbe, Tajikistan|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02634937.2010.538283|journal=Central Asian Survey|volume=29|issue=4|pages=469–483|doi=10.1080/02634937.2010.538283|s2cid=143808874|issn=0263-4937}}</ref> There is a small [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] community of 120 in the city at [[St Joseph Church, Dushanbe|St Joseph Church]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=AsiaNews.it|title=In Dushanbe, the 'little' Catholic community in a 'great' Easter celebration|url=http://www.asianews.it/news-en/In-Dushanbe,-the-%27little%27-Catholic-community-in-a-%E2%80%98great%27-Easter-celebration-43572.html|access-date=2020-09-28|website=www.asianews.it}}</ref> There are around 350 [[Jews in Tajikistan]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the Tajikistan Jewish Community|url=http://jewseurasia.org/page275|access-date=2020-09-28|website=jewseurasia.org}}</ref> whose [[Dushanbe Synagogue|synagogue]] was destroyed in 2006<ref>{{Cite news|last=Wilensky-Lanford|first=Ethan|date=2006-03-28|title=As a Synagogue Comes Down, a Culture Disappears, Too|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/28/world/asia/as-a-synagogue-comes-down-a-culture-disappears-too.html|access-date=2020-09-28|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> but was replaced in 2008.<ref>{{Cite web|last=AsiaNews.it|title=New synagogue of Dushanbe to open soon|url=http://asianews.it/news-en/New-synagogue-of-Dushanbe-to-open-soon-14856.html|access-date=2020-09-28|website=asianews.it}}</ref>

On September 9, 2009, Mayor [[Mahmadsaid Ubaydulloyev|Mahmadsaid Ubaidulloyev]] endorsed the [[Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation|Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization]]'s plan to recognize Dushanbe as the 2010 capital of [[Islamic culture]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dushanbe proclaimed Capital of Islamic Culture for Asian Region in 2010 {{!}} Tajikistan News ASIA-Plus|url=https://www.asiaplustj.info/en/news/tajikistan/power/20090910/dushanbe-proclaimed-capital-islamic-culture-asian-region-2010#:~:text=Dushanbe%20proclaimed%20Capital%20of%20Islamic%20Culture%20for%20Asian%20Region%20in%202010,-17:45,%20september&text=ISESCO%20is%20one%20of%20the,headquarters%20are%20in%20Rabat,%20Morocco.|access-date=2020-10-10|website=www.asiaplustj.info}}</ref> In October 2009, President [[Emomali Rahmon]] launched the construction of a new central mosque in Dushanbe built at the expense of [[Qatar]]i investors. It will replace the existing Haji Yakub Mosque and should become the largest in Central Asia. Construction began in 2011 with an original opening date in 2014; however in February 2021, its revised opening date was delayed.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Central Asia's Largest Mosque To Be Built in Dushanbe|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/central_asia_largest_mosque_in_dushanbe/24354702.html|access-date=2020-10-10|newspaper=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|date=10 October 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Official opening of Dushanbe's {{sic|nolink=y|reason=error in source|Cental}} Cathedral Mosque suspended due to coronavirus pandemic, says Tajik official {{!}} Tajikistan News ASIA-Plus|url=https://asiaplustj.info/en/news/tajikistan/society/20210210/official-opening-of-dushanbes-cental-cathedral-mosque-suspended-due-to-coronavirus-pandemic-says-tajik-official|access-date=2021-06-20|website=asiaplustj.info}}</ref>

The [[Russian Orthodox Church]] is another religious group in the city. [[St. Nicholas Cathedral (Dushanbe)|St. Nicholas Cathedral]] in Dushanbe is a center of worship for the Orthodox community.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-03-01|title=Tajikistan: The Life of the smallest Orthodox community in Central Asia|url=https://cabar.asia/en/tajikistan-the-life-of-the-smallest-orthodox-community-in-central-asia|access-date=2020-10-10|website=CABAR.asia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Душанбинская епархия / Организации / Патриархия.ru|url=http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/1589299.html|access-date=2021-07-28|website=Патриархия.ru|language=ru}}</ref><gallery mode="nolines" widths="240" heights="240" class="center" caption="Religious buildings in Dushanbe">
File:Grand Masjid Imam Tirmizi, Dushanbe (9).jpg|Mosque in Dushanbe
File:Свято-Никольский собор (Душанбе) 3.JPG|Cathedral in Dushanbe
File:Dushanbe Synagogue Entrance.jpg|Synagogue in Dushanbe
</gallery>