Editing Dubuque, Iowa (section)

==Government==
{{see also|List of mayors of Dubuque, Iowa}}
[[File:FI0006269.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Dubuque County Courthouse]]]]
The City of Dubuque operates on the [[council-manager government|council-manager]] form of [[government]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Association |first=Illinois Government Finance Officers |title=Out of State Positions |url=https://www.igfoa.org/career-center/out-of-state |access-date=April 2, 2023 |website=www.igfoa.org |language=en}}</ref> employing a full-time [[city manager]] and part-time [[city council]]. The city manager, Michael C. Van Milligen, runs the day-to-day operations of the city, and serves as the city's [[Executive (government)|executive]] leader.

Dubuque has been using its city-owned [[Community Broadband Network]] to become a [[smart city]]. In 2014, city government officials created four [[Mobile app|apps]] to monitor data related to water use, electricity use, transit patterns, and waste recycling efforts. The City of Dubuque Sustainability Coordinator, Cori Burbach, stated this was "for educating citizens and implementing behavior changes that they control based on the data these applications provide". However, Dubuque has been reaching the limits of its network and lack sufficient services from giant providers.<ref name =Gigaom>{{cite web|author1=Craig Settles, Gigabit Nation|title=States, stand down! Let community broadband innovate.|url=https://gigaom.com/2014/07/27/states-stand-down-let-community-broadband-innovate/|publisher=Gigaom Inc.|access-date=February 25, 2015|date=July 27, 2014|archive-date=October 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025073112/https://gigaom.com/2014/07/27/states-stand-down-let-community-broadband-innovate/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Policy and financial decisions are made by the city council, which serves as the city's [[legislative]] body. The council comprises the [[mayor]], [[Brad Cavanaugh]], who serves as its chairman, 4 [[Ward (politics)|ward]]-elected members, and 2 [[At-Large|at-large]] members. The city council members are: Susan R. Farber<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mayor & City Council {{!}} Dubuque, IA - Official Website |url=https://www.cityofdubuque.org/990/Mayor-City-Council |access-date=July 19, 2023 |website=www.cityofdubuque.org}}</ref> (Ward 1), Laura Roussell (Ward 2), Danny Sprank (Ward 3), Katy Wethal (Ward 4), Ric W. Jones (at-large), and David T. Resnick (at-large).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cityofdubuque.org/990/Mayor-City-Council|title=Mayor & City Council &#124; Dubuque, IA - Official Website|website=Cityofdubuque.org|access-date=January 31, 2022}}</ref> The city council meets at 6 P.M. on the first and third Mondays of every month in the council chamber of the Historic Federal Building. The city is divided into 4 electoral wards and 21 precincts, as stated in Chapter 17 of the Dubuque City Code.<ref>{{cite web|title = Dubuque City Code|access-date = August 5, 2007|url = http://66.113.195.234/IA/Dubuque/index.htm|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927002058/http://66.113.195.234/IA/Dubuque/index.htm|archive-date = September 27, 2007|url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title = City of Dubuque Ward and Precinct Map|access-date = August 5, 2007|url = http://www.cityofdubuque.org/uploads/manager/WardMap2005.pdf|date = 2005|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927183534/http://www.cityofdubuque.org/uploads/manager/WardMap2005.pdf|archive-date = September 27, 2007|url-status = dead}}</ref>

In the 89th [[Iowa General Assembly]], Dubuque is represented by Senators [[Pam Jochum]] (D) for Senate District 29 and [[Carrie Koelker]] (R) for Senate District 50 in the [[Iowa Senate]], and Representatives [[Charles Isenhart]] (D) for House District 100, [[Shannon Lundgren]] (R) for House District 57, and [[Lindsay James (politician)|Lindsay James]] (D) for House District 99 in the [[Iowa House of Representatives]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Iowa Legislature - Find Your Legislator|url=https://www.legis.iowa.gov/legislators/find?city=Dubuque|access-date=June 27, 2021|website=Legis.iowa.gov}}</ref>

At the federal level in the 117th Congress, it is within [[Iowa's 2nd congressional district]], represented by [[Ashley Hinson]] (R) in the [[U.S. House of Representatives]]. Dubuque, and all of Iowa are represented by U.S. Senators [[Chuck Grassley]] (R) and [[Joni Ernst]] (R).<ref name=":0" />

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#99b1ff;"
! colspan="2"|City Council of Dubuque, Iowa
|-
!Area
!Name
|-
|Mayor
|Brad Cavanaugh
|-
|At-Large
|David Resnick
|-
|At-Large
|Ric Jones
|-
|First Ward
|Susan Farber
|-
|Second Ward
|Laura Roussell
|-
|Third Ward
|Danny Sprank
|-
|Fourth Ward
|Katy Wethal
|}

=== Law Enforcement ===
{{Main article|Dubuque Police Department}}

===Political climate===
For most of its history, Dubuque has been mostly [[United States Democratic Party|Democratic]] due to the large numbers of working-class people and [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholics]] living in the city.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Godfrey |first=Elaine |date=June 7, 2022 |title=Are Iowa's Democratic Days Gone for Good? |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2022/06/iowa-primary-democrats-trump-swing-state/629695/ |access-date=March 29, 2023 |website=The Atlantic |language=en}}</ref> At times, Dubuque was called "The State of Dubuque" because the political climate in Dubuque was very different from the rest of Iowa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NICKNAMES - Encyclopedia Dubuque |url=https://www.encyclopediadubuque.org/index.php/NICKNAMES |access-date=March 29, 2023 |website=www.encyclopediadubuque.org |archive-date=March 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329014357/https://www.encyclopediadubuque.org/index.php/NICKNAMES |url-status=dead }}</ref>

However, at the turn of the twentieth century, the United States Congress was led by two Dubuque [[Republican Party (United States)|Republicans]]. Representative [[David B. Henderson]] ascended to [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives]] in 1899, at the same time Senator [[William B. Allison]] served as Chairman of the [[Senate Republican Conference]]. Dubuque has experienced a shift toward the Republican party in the 2010s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Politics & Voting in Dubuque, Iowa |url=https://www.bestplaces.net/voting/city/iowa/dubuque |access-date=March 27, 2023 |website=Best Places}}</ref>